在整個高考英語試卷中，短文改錯是一個非常有特點的題型。它對學生的要求較高，是對學生語言知識綜合運用能力的考查，檢測學生發現、判斷、糾正文章錯誤的能力，進而考查學生的詞法、句法及行文邏輯等方面的水平。它屬於寫作範疇，考點都是基礎知識和習慣用法，但答題的能力要求較高。很多學生在該項上往往失分較多，感到束手無策。那麼如何解決該類題呢?今天小編對高考短文改錯考點從詞法角度進行簡單的總結歸納，希望對各位同學有所幫助。
1． 動詞。
解題策略：短文改錯中涉及動詞的修改，首先要聯繫上下文，判斷是謂語動詞，還是非謂語動詞。若是謂語動詞，要看時態和語態是否一致，主謂一致，語氣對應。如果是非謂語動詞，多從成分來考慮，看是否誤用非謂語的形式。另外，要注意情態動詞，助動詞，介詞之後的動詞形式。
考試要點：
(1)每個句子要有動詞;謂語動詞時態、語態的一致。如：
a，When summer came,they will invite their students pick the vegetables！（2017全國卷II）
（考查時態。本篇文章是一般現在時，came改為 comes 。備註：本題兩處錯誤）
b，I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.(2017全國卷Ⅲ)
（解析：become改為became.結合前半句中的動詞entered可知，後半句的時態應和前文保持一致。）
c，About one month after this photo was took，…（2017全國卷Ⅲ）
(解析：took改為taken。根據句意可知此題考查的是一般過去時被動語態。)
d，I thought that it is a good idea.（2016全國卷II）
(解析：thought改為think。根據句意可知此題考查的是一般現在時。)
e，She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was... （2003全國卷）
（ reads改為read.結合前半句中的動詞entered可知，後半句的時態應和前文保持一致。and連接並列謂語）
f，Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class,... （2004全國卷）
（talked改為talk，根據sometimes可判斷此句為一般現在時）
g，I will write again and send you the photos we take together. （2005全國卷Ⅱ）
（take改為took把照片寄給你，應該是已經拍好的，用過去時）
h，There are advantage for students to work while studying at school. One of them was that they can earn money. （2005全國卷Ⅰ）
（was應該改為 is 。從上下文判斷，應該是現在時，謂語用is）
i，（2005全國卷Ⅰ）For the most part, students working to earn money for their own use. （2005全國卷Ⅰ）
（working改為work，句子缺謂語動詞）
k，I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. （2017全國卷III）
（had改為have考查動詞時態。根據全文的語境和時間狀語 in the past few years可以判斷此處用現在完成時）
l，About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.（2017全國卷III）
（took改為taken考查動詞。根據句意可此處表示被動含義：this photo 與 take 之間肯定是被動關係，,故把took改為 taken； become-+ became考查動詞時態。根據and前面的動詞 entered判斷該句應該用一般過去時。）
m， I’m glad to learn that you』ve been settled down in Boston and are getting used to the local ways of life. (2014山東)
（應去掉been。此處表示「我」已經定居某地，是主動的動作，所以此處要用現在完成時的主動語態。）
n， When one student does so, much larger values are destroying. (2014重慶)
（應把destroying改為destroyed。價值是被破壞，故要用動詞的destroy的被動語態。）
（2）主謂一致
a，Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything if they like. （2005全國卷Ⅰ）
（allows改為allows主語是動名詞短語Earning their own money，謂語應該用單數）
But the most wonderful thing about Jack were his musical ability.（2005江蘇卷）
b，（were改為 was主語是第三人稱單數）
（3）語氣
Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. （2016全國卷II）
(解析：can改為should或者去掉can。根據句意和語法分析可知此題考查的是虛擬語氣。)
（4）非謂語動詞
a，When summer came,they will invite their students pick the vegetables！（2017全國卷II）
（考查非謂語動詞。Invite somebody to do，邀請…去做。pick變為 to pick.備註：本題兩處錯誤。）
b，We can chose between staying a home and take a trip. .(2016全國卷Ⅱ)
（解析：take改為taking.考查非謂語動詞，and連接兩個並列成分，且介詞之後的動詞應用動名詞形式。）
c，Perhaps someone who wanted see the play would take them. (2014陝西)
（解析：應在wanted後加不定式符號to。want表示「想要」的時候不能直接接動詞原形作賓語，而必須接帶to的不定式作賓語。）
d，Besides, the foreign teachers here work hard and try his best to make the activities lively and interested. (2014福建)
（解析應把interested改為interesting。activities(活動)應該是「令人感興趣」的才對，故此處要將interested改成interesting。）
e，My father was so pleasing that he suggested I go to England for a holiday. (2014全國卷I)
（解析：應把pleasing改為pleased。由於主語是my father，所以要用過去分詞。）
f，I just Want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person. (2014天津)
（解析：應把becoming改為become。help後不接動名詞作賓語，而是接動詞不定式作賓語。）
g， We』d better not to miss the chance to enjoy it. (2014重慶)
（解析：應去掉not後面的to。had better後接不帶to的不定式作賓語。）
h， …and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.
（解析：應在make前加to，make在此處並非做謂語，而應該是不定式作目的狀語，符號to不可省。）
i， But then there are always more mysteries look into.
（解析：應在look前加to，此處應該用不定式作定語，修飾mysteries，故look into前缺to。）
j， We are looking forward to see you on the birthday party.
（解析：短語look forward to中的to是介詞，其後應接動名詞，故應將see改為seeing。）
k， I’m sorry I keep you wait for a long time. I got caught in the traffic.
（解析：在任何情況下keep均和doing連用，如keep doing sth, keep somebody(something) doing something, keep…from doing…等。）
l， I』d like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.
（解析：to後應加be。因為其後面是名詞，而不是動詞原形，所以不能直接用to。）
（5）情態動詞之後用動詞原形、介詞之後用動名詞形式及助動詞的用法。個別時候考察多與少的問題。
a，We can chose between staying at home and take a trip.(2016全國卷Ⅱ)
（解析：chose改為choose.情態動詞之後接動詞原形。）
b，She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.(2013全國卷Ⅰ)
（解析：holding改為hold.動詞不定式後接動詞原形，used to do something.過去常做某事。）
c，I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.(2016全國Ⅲ卷)
(解析：wear改為wearing.介詞之後的動詞要用動名詞形式)
d， I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or also each day. (2014全國卷)
（解析：結合上一行，followed her advice和put down應是並列謂語，should用於此處顯然是畫蛇添足。）
e，…and I wonder if you』ll free then so we could chat about the good older days. (2014山東)
（解析：應在free前加be。You』ll是you will的縮寫形式，其後不可直接接形容詞作表語，必須加系動詞be才能構成系表結構。）
2． 名詞。
解題策略：短文改錯中對於名詞的考查，首先考慮是否為可數名詞。可數名詞有單數和複數，不可數名詞沒有單數和複數。下來結合單複數的表達以及修飾詞來考慮。另外格的表達是否有錯誤，如無數或格的錯誤，就從行文邏輯以及詞性轉換來考慮。作為單複數互改是高考英語改錯題的基本題型之一，改動的依據有：一是根據名詞前的修飾限定成份；二是根據上下文的邏輯關係。如：
a，If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden you view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books(2016全國卷Ⅱ)
（ knowledges 改為 knowledge。 knowledge為不可數名詞。備註：此處有兩處錯誤）
b，…they often get some useful informations from the Internet.（2017年全國卷Ⅱ）
(解析:informations 改為information.因information是不可數名詞，無複數形式。)
c，The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.(2016全國卷Ⅲ)
(解析：year改為years.根據句意year要用複數形式)
d，I first met Li Ming at a friend birthday party five years ago.(2007全國卷)
(解析：friend改為friend's.根據句意，一個朋友的生日應該用名詞所有格friend's表所屬)
e，This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.(2013全國卷Ⅱ)
(解析：grow改為growth.此處grow要作介詞for的賓語，應用其名詞形式growth.)
f，My uncle says that the key to his success is honest.(2016全國卷Ⅰ)
(解析：honest改為honesty.根據語境可知，此處應用名詞作表語。)
g，Their word were a great encouragement to me.（2003全國卷）
（是把word改為words 還是把were改為was，根據名詞前的修飾限定詞their來決定。）
h， a few minute on the Internet.（2004全國卷Ⅰ）
（ minute改為 minutes，a few修飾複數名詞。）
i，But one and a half year later.（2005全國卷Ⅱ）
（ year改為years，one and a half意思為一年半，故判斷此處year應為複數形式）
j，There are advantage for students to work...
（ advantage改為 advantages，從there are 判斷應該用名詞複數）
k，The instructor kept repeating the word,(2017全國卷Ⅰ)
（word改為words，語境得知此處為複數概念）
3． 冠詞。
解題策略：短文改錯中對於冠詞的考查，一區分a/an，要從a或an其後的單詞發音音素來考慮，a用輔音音素開頭的單詞前，an用於元音音素開頭的單詞前。二區分定冠詞和不定冠詞甚至零冠詞的區別。要考慮a或an和the在泛指和特指方面是否誤用，a或an表泛指，the表特指。三要注意短文中出現的短語、詞組等，查是否有固定結構中冠詞、介詞等使用不當、多用或漏用等。
a， …it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.(2017全國卷Ⅱ)
(解析：a改為an.考查冠詞，因為hour的發音是以元音音素開頭，所以其前用an.)
b，…A woman saw him saying and told him to wait outside a shop.(2015全國卷Ⅱ)
(解析：a改為the.結合語境及上下文，此處應用the特指前文提到的shop.)
c，…Around me in ︿picture are the things which were very important in my life at that time.（2017全國卷Ⅲ）
(解析：picture之前加冠詞the，根據句意，此處應用冠詞the特指上文提到的picture.)
d，In a fact, he even scared my classmates away when they came over to play or do homework with me.(2013全國卷Ⅰ)
（解析：去掉冠詞a.因為in fact是固定短語，冠詞a多餘。）
e，But in that case, we will learn little about world.(2016全國卷Ⅱ)
（解析：加冠詞a.因為 world是獨一無二的，表獨指時，冠詞the不能省略。）
f，I still remember how hard first day was.(2017全國卷Ⅰ)
（解析：去掉冠詞a.因為in fact是固定短語，冠詞a多餘。）
4． 形容詞和副詞。
解題策略:短文改錯中對形容詞和副詞的考查，首先要考慮詞性誤用現象。考慮到形容詞和副詞的修飾關係是否誤用(形容詞修飾名詞或代詞，副詞修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞和句子)。然後查看形容詞或副詞的三級是否誤用，以及及的詞。此外考慮行文邏輯的一致性。如
a，It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot. (2016全國卷Ⅱ)
(解析：many改為much，根據語境，此處應用much修飾cost.)
b，I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive.(2012全國新課標)
(解析：little改為less.根據語境，此處應用little的比較級less.)
c，I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes ,…(2017全國卷Ⅲ)
(解析：difference改為different. 因為kinds of是名詞短語，應用形容詞來修飾名詞 )
d，…he hope that his business will grow steady.(2016全國卷Ⅰ)
(解析：steady改為steadily.因為grow為動詞，修飾動詞應用steady的副詞形式steadily.)
e，Dad and I were terrible worried.(2015全國卷Ⅱ)
(解析：terrible改為terribly.因為worried為形容詞，修飾形容詞應用terrible的副詞形式terribly.)
f，A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car.(2017全國卷Ⅰ)
(解析：late改為later.因為A few minutes late幾分鐘以後，later為副詞.)
g，The teachers here are kind and helpfully.(2014全國卷Ⅱ)
(解析：helpfully改為helpful，根據語境和行文邏輯，此處應用形容詞作表語。)
h，Beside，they often get some useful information from the Internet.(2017全國卷Ⅱ)
(解析：Beside改為Besides.根據語境，此處應用副詞獨立成句作評述性狀語。)
i，I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums.(2017全國卷Ⅲ)
(解析：late改為latest.根據語境，此處表「最新的」用the latest。)
j，It was a relief and I came to a suddenlystop just in the middle on the road.(2017全國卷Ⅰ)
(解析：sudden改為suddenly.根據語境，sudden為形容詞修飾名詞stop。)
5.並列連詞。
解題策略：並列連詞主要涉及對表示並列（and）、轉折（but）、選擇（or）、因果（so）等關係的連詞的考查，主要涉及誤用現象。如：
a，If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. (2016全國卷Ⅱ)
b，There the air is clean or the mountains are green.(2015全國卷Ⅰ)
(解析：or改為and.根據句子前後之間為並列關係可知，此處應把or改為and.)
c，I have grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.(2017全國卷Ⅲ)
(解析：and改為but.此句中not only…but also…是固定搭配。)
d， I'm going to attend my first lesson this afternoon，for I've got some preparation to make.(2009全國卷)
（解析：for改為so，此處句子前後之間為因果關係，所以應用因果連詞so.）
e，Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, soonce I started the car, my mind goes blank, I forgot what he had said to me altogether. (2017全國卷Ⅰ)
（解析：so改為but，此處句子前後之間為轉折關係，所以應用轉折連詞but.）
6.介詞。
解題策略：短文改錯中的介詞考查，其錯誤的表現形式主要有三種：多詞、少詞和搭配錯誤。由於介詞是虛詞，所以它常和動詞，名詞構成短語，分析時要從整體角度去考慮。如：
a，It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.(2017全國卷Ⅰ)
（解析：on改為of .考查固定搭配，in the middle of"在……中間"，故on 改為of.）
b，They have also bought for some gardening tools.(2017全國卷Ⅱ)
(解析：去掉介詞for.因buy是及物動詞，其後可直接接賓語，故介詞for多餘。)
c，I realize of how fast time flies. (2017全國卷III)
(去掉of， 考查介詞。 realize是及物動詞,後面接賓語時不需要介詞。)
d，My uncle says that he never dreams︿becoming rich in a short of time.(2016全國卷Ⅰ)
(解析：dreams的後面加介詞of.考查固定用法dream of doing something.)
7.代詞。
解題策略：短文改錯中對代詞的考查，要查人稱代詞的數，格，數和性是否誤用，代詞前後是否指代一致。此外，指示代詞，不定代詞，疑問代詞也會有所考察。如：
a，If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden you view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. (2016全國卷Ⅱ)
(解析：your改為our.考查人稱指代一致。)
b，…This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.(2017全國卷Ⅲ)
(解析：your改為my.考查人稱指代一致，前文都是在講"我"的故事，所以這裡應該是"我的"高中時期的記憶。)
c，Mr.and Mrs. Zhang all works in our school.(2017全國卷Ⅱ)
(解析：all改為both.考查代詞，both指兩者都，all表示三者以上，因主語是兩個人，故用both.)
8.從句引導詞，疑問代詞/副詞。
解題策略：短文改錯中，從句引導詞主要集中考查英語中各類從句的引導詞，如定語從句、賓語從句、狀語從句等。對於各類從句引導詞的考查，要根據句意和從句的類型，選用正確的引導詞，判斷引導詞是否多與少。如：
a，In their spare time,they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden,that is on the rooftop of their house.2017,2（2處錯誤）
（that改為 which ，在 非限制性定語從句中不能用關係代詞that。）
b，…Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time.（2017全國卷Ⅲ）
（解析：they改為that/which.考查定語從句，先行詞things是物，故用that/which）
c，…he turned around and found where his parents were missing.(2015全國卷Ⅱ)
(解析：where改為that或直接去掉where.考查賓語從句，此句中that 引導的從句充當found的賓語，同時that引導賓語從句亦可省略。)
d， In fact, he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.(2013全國卷Ⅰ)
(解析：during改為when.考查時間狀語從句，during為介詞，不能引導從句，故用when時間狀語從句。)
e，My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. (2016全國卷Ⅱ)
（how改為what，how to do結構不完整，後要跟賓語，而what to do 結構完整）
9. 數詞。
偶爾會涉及基數詞改序數詞的知識點。
In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday,…(2017全國卷Ⅰ)
(解析：eighteen改為eighteenth.考查序數詞，18歲的生日，應該用序數詞eighteenth.)