一、英語短文改錯語法口訣：
(一)見到謂語找主語，主謂一致找狀語
見到名詞想多數，可不可數要記牢
見到平行看結構，形式功能要對稱
見到代詞找指代，指代通常不合理
帶賓語必帶to，不帶賓語不帶to
小小of常抓的點，of前名詞adj最高級
比較級不修飾比較級,最高級不修飾最高級
(二)謂與非謂經常混
謂語句中就一個
其餘動詞非謂語
常見形式有三種
v-ing ,v-ed和to do
主謂通常v-ing
動賓通常v-ed
現在分詞表主動
過去分詞表被動
目的要用不定式
by前有過去分詞相擁
by後有動名詞後抱
介詞後跟動名詞
時態基點要搞清
現在還是過去時
(三)規則是說謊lie
不規則是躺lie lay
躺過就下蛋lay laid
lied lied lain laid
下蛋不規則
二、短文改錯解題思路和檢查原則
（一）解題思路
1.句中各部分的結構是否完整，特別是每個句子要有動詞;
2.謂語動詞的時態、語態;
3.非謂語動詞的用法;
4.名詞的單、複數，格的使用是否正確;
5.定冠詞和不定冠詞是否正確;
6.代詞的格和性的使用是否有誤;
7.定語從句中關係代詞、副詞是否準確無誤;
8.並列句中的並列連詞、主從複合句中的從屬連詞用的是否得當。
（二）解題四原則
1.改動以最少為原則;
2.虛詞以添加或刪除為原則;
3.實詞以改變詞形為原則；
4.以保持句子原意為原則。
三、解題步驟
1.通讀全文，掌握大意
2.整句分析，逐行推敲
3.反覆通讀，複查驗證
四、解題注意要點和能力培養
1.核對錯項時，若的確有一時難以改出的地方，可以參考所改動項是否基本符合「1：1：8」的比例。即多一詞1個，缺詞1個，錯詞8個。
2.核對改正的語法項目是否有重複。因為短文改錯往往覆蓋面廣，一般不會出現重複考查某個語法點的現象。
3.核對答題符號是否規範，位置是否準確，看看有無遺漏符號，忽略字母大小寫和拼寫等問題。
五、短文改錯常見錯誤類型
1.謂語動詞的錯誤：常見動詞錯誤類型有：
一般現在時與一般過去時錯用;
They did not want me to do any work at home;they want me to devote all my time to my studies.(did改為do)
and前後動詞時態不一致;
As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.(visiting改為visited)
主謂不一致;
One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out.(was改為were)
缺少動詞,特別是be動詞;
There will an important game next month.(will後加be)
第三人稱單數形式錯用;
主動語態和被動語態錯用。
2.名詞的常見錯誤：單複數名詞錯用，可數名詞與不可數名詞錯用。
I』ll get good marks in all my subject.(subject改為subjects)
Their word were a great encouragement to me.(word改為words)
Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.(knowledges改為knowledge)
3.連詞錯誤：連詞包括關係代詞、副詞，並列連詞and/ or/but等。關於連詞，一般考查從句關係who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。
I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei.(錯用了who的所有格形式，改為whose)
I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此處應該是並列的關係而非轉折，but改為and)
Clever as she is, but she works very hard.(as意為「儘管」，不能再跟but連用，所以去掉but)
4.冠詞錯誤：誤用a和an(根據單詞的第一個音素來判定);誤用a/an和the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指;多冠詞或少冠詞)
We maybe one family and live under a same roof. (a改為the，the same是固定搭配)
As everyone knows,it’s famous mountain with all kinds of pants.(mountain是可數名詞需用冠詞，所以其前加a)
I hope you have pleasant journey.(journey是可數名詞，故have後加a)
5.形容詞和副詞錯誤：系動詞後用形容詞(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性動詞smell/feel);詞性的誤用(形容詞修飾名詞;副詞修飾動詞、形容詞)。
I’m sure we』ll have a wonderfully time together.(time是名詞所以要用形容詞wonderful修飾)
My pronunciation was terribly.(was後用形容詞，terribly改為terrible.)
6.代詞錯誤：代詞的主格和賓格(I/me;he/him;she/her;we/us they/them)錯誤;反身代詞(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用錯誤;代詞的單數和複數使用錯誤;代詞指代錯誤;多代詞或少代詞。
Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English.(me改為myself)
One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.(to前加it)
If anyone of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out.(other後加s)
What’s more,you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him.(him改為them)
7.非謂語動詞的常見錯誤：不定式、動名詞作主語、賓語時;and連接的不定式或動名詞前後不一致(尤其距離較遠時);介詞後用動名詞形式作賓語;某些動詞後要求接動名詞或不定式。
Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper.(enjoy後需接動名詞，talk改為talking)
But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.(go作主語,應改為going)
Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves.(介詞後用動名詞形式作賓語，read改為reading)
I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees.(and連接的不定式或動名詞前後不一致，故saw改為seeing)
8.介詞錯誤：詞組中的介詞誤用;介詞意思理解偏差;介詞的多用或少用
There are too many people among my family.(among改為in，in my family為固定搭配)
I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.(去掉at, the moment引導從句)
五、口訣
動詞形，名詞數;注意形和副;
非謂動詞細辨別;習慣用法要記住;
句子成分多分析;邏輯錯誤須關注。
一.動詞形
主要包括兩類錯誤：動詞的時態和語態錯誤，以及主、謂不一致的錯誤。
例如：My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. (is)
Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)
解析：上述兩例分別屬於時態錯誤和主、謂不一致錯誤。找出此類錯誤的關鍵是樹立牢固的時態概念，注意短文內容發生或存在的時間，保持時間概念的一致性。
二.名詞數
指名詞單、複數形式的用法錯誤。常表現為將名詞複數寫成單數。
例如：…so that I』ll get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)
三.區分形和副
區分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯的常考點。
例如：I’m sure we』ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful)
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)
解析：需要注意的是，形容詞多用來做定、表、補語等，而副詞只能在句子中作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語修飾time，第二句的Unfortunately作狀語修飾整個句子。
四.非謂動詞細辨別
這是考查最多的錯誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動名詞類錯誤，也包括不定式類錯誤。
例如：…in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested)
Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … (playing)
My parents love me… and will do all they can make sure… (to)
解析：上述二、三例分別是動名詞作主語，和不定式作目的狀語。一般的，現在分詞有主動態和進行時的含義，而過去分詞具有被動態和完成時的含義，不定式有將來時態的含義。
五.習慣用法要記住
主要考查習慣搭配方面的基礎知識。這也是歷年高考的常考點，其錯誤表現形式主要有三種：多詞、少詞和搭配錯誤。
例如：It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… (of)
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. (of)
六.句子成分多分析
不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類;不同的語景要選擇不同的詞語。這些都有待我們對句子結構和句子成分作細緻的分析，才能找出用詞不當的錯誤。
例如：They eager to know everything about China and… (were)
I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)
解析：第一例漏掉了謂語動詞were，這是受寒於習慣的影響而導致的錯誤;第二例則是詞類與它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副詞，不能作主語。
七.邏輯錯誤須關注
與句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，屬於邏輯性錯誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴，人名、地名、時間、方位等方面的錯誤，常是這類錯誤的考查對象。
例如：The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(their)
First, let me tell you something more about myself.(去掉more)
…no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone)
解析：上述第一例中的主語是Smiths(史密斯夫婦倆)，因此後面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表「再」的意思，才開始告訴別人，怎麼能說「再告訴你一些事」?第三例講的是為了解決看電視時的爭端，「我們」把電視機賣了;晚上沒電視看了，所以與從前一樣，大家又都讀書了，所以該用everyone。
除了上述錯誤類型外，常考的錯誤形式還有：連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯誤(可以歸類為邏輯錯誤)，以及冠詞的用法錯誤等。
例如：She was smiling but nodding at me.(and)
It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.(or)
We may be one family and live under a same roof.(the)