科學家繪製前往醫療機構的全球時間地圖
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/9/30 15:16:49
英國牛津大學P. W. Gething研究團隊取得最新進展。他們繪製了前往醫療機構的全球時間地圖。相關論文於2020年9月28日發表於《自然-醫學》。
他們利用OpenStreetMap、Google Maps和學術研究人員正在進行主要數據收集工作,來彙編迄今為止最完整的設施位置信息庫。利用他們設施數據集的地域變化優勢,他們使用一種既定的方法來前所未有地詳細描述前往醫療機構的時間。他們製作有無機動交通工具的時間地圖,從而描述分布在整個財富範圍內的人群到醫療保健機構的旅行時間。
他們發現,只有8.9%的全球人口(6.46億人)假如使用機動運輸工具,他們在一小時內無法到達醫療保健領域;而43.3%(31.6億人口)的人無法在一小時內步行到達醫療機構。他們的地圖突出顯示了偏遠地區的貧困人口面臨的另一個脆弱性,可以幫助估計人們是否會在需要時尋求醫療保健,以及為有效地將有限的醫療保健和運輸資源分配給現在和將來服務不足的人群提供依據。
研究人員表示獲得醫療保健是人類福祉的要求,對於部分受到相對於地理上分散的人口的醫療保健資源分配限制。由於缺乏全面的醫療設施資料庫,因此在全球範圍內量化獲得醫療服務的難度很大。
附:英文原文
Title: Global maps of travel time to healthcare facilities
Author: D. J. Weiss, A. Nelson, C. A. Vargas-Ruiz, K. Gligori, S. Bavadekar, E. Gabrilovich, A. Bertozzi-Villa, J. Rozier, H. S. Gibson, T. Shekel, C. Kamath, A. Lieber, K. Schulman, Y. Shao, V. Qarkaxhija, A. K. Nandi, S. H. Keddie, S. Rumisha, P. Amratia, R. Arambepola, E. G. Chestnutt, J. J. Millar, T. L. Symons, E. Cameron, K. E. Battle, S. Bhatt, P. W. Gething
Issue&Volume: 2020-09-28
Abstract: Access to healthcare is a requirement for human well-being that is constrained, in part, by the allocation of healthcare resources relative to the geographically dispersed human population1,2,3. Quantifying access to care globally is challenging due to the absence of a comprehensive database of healthcare facilities. We harness major data collection efforts underway by OpenStreetMap, Google Maps and academic researchers to compile the most complete collection of facility locations to date. Leveraging the geographically variable strengths of our facility datasets, we use an established methodology4 to characterize travel time to healthcare facilities in unprecedented detail. We produce maps of travel time with and without access to motorized transport, thus characterizing travel time to healthcare for populations distributed across the wealth spectrum. We find that just 8.9% of the global population (646 million people) cannot reach healthcare within one hour if they have access to motorized transport, and that 43.3% (3.16 billion people) cannot reach a healthcare facility by foot within one hour. Our maps highlight an additional vulnerability faced by poorer individuals in remote areas and can help to estimate whether individuals will seek healthcare when it is needed, as well as providing an evidence base for efficiently distributing limited healthcare and transportation resources to underserved populations both now and in the future.
DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-1059-1
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-1059-1