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China turns on nuclear-powered 'artificial sun' (upxe)
中國開啟核能「人造太陽」
The HL-2M Tokamak reactor is China's largest and most advanced nuclear fusion experimental research device and can reach temperatures of over 150 million degrees Celsius
託卡馬克反應堆是中國最大的最先進的核聚變實驗研究裝置，目前其裝置（核心）溫度已超過1.5億攝氏度以上
China successfully powered up its "artificial sun" nuclear fusion reactor for the first time, state media reported Friday, marking a great advance in the country's nuclear power research capabilities.
據官方媒體周五報導，中國首次成功啟動了「人造太陽」核聚變反應堆，這標誌著中國核電研究能力的一偉大進步。
It uses a powerful magnetic field to fuse hot plasma and can reach temperatures of over 150 million degrees Celsius, according to the People's Daily—approximately ten times hotter than the core of the sun.
據《人民日報》報導，該裝置利用強大的磁場來融合熱等離子體，其（核心）溫度可以達到1.5億攝氏度以上，約為太陽核心溫度的10倍。
Located in southwestern Sichuan province and completed late last year, the reactor is often called an "artificial sun" on account of the enormous heat and power it produces.
該反應堆位於中國西南部的四川省，於去年年底完工。由於該裝置可產生巨大熱量和能量而常被稱為「人造太陽」。
"The development of nuclear fusion energy is not only a way to solve China's strategic energy needs, but also has great significance for the future sustainable development of China's energy and national economy," said the People's Daily.
《人民日報》表示:「核聚變能源的發展不僅是解決中國能源戰略需求的途徑，而且對未來中國能源和國民經濟的可持續發展具有重大意義。」
Chinese scientists have been working on developing smaller versions of the nuclear fusion reactor since 2006.
自2006年以來，中國科學家一直致力於開發小型核聚變反應堆。
They plan to use the device in collaboration with scientists working on the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor—the world's largest nuclear fusion research project based in France, which is expected to be completed in 2025.
他們計劃與國際上研究熱核實驗反應科學家合作使用該設備。世界上最大的核聚變研究項目位於法國，預計將於2025年完工。
Fusion is considered the Holy Grail of energy and is what powers our sun.
核聚變被譽為能量聖杯，人造太陽。
It merges atomic nuclei to create massive amounts of energy—the opposite of the fission process used in atomic weapons and nuclear power plants, which splits them into fragments.
通過將原子核合併以產生大量的能量，這與核武器和核電站使用的裂變過程相反，裂變過程將原子核分裂成更小的原子碎片。
But achieving fusion is both extremely difficult and prohibitively expensive, with the total cost of ITER estimated at $22.5 billion.
但實現核聚變非常困難，而且成本高得令人生畏，（位於法國在建）國際熱核實驗反應堆總成本預計耗費225億美元。
評論翻譯
jumbomingus
Lmao, any tiny spark in a tokamak is a fucking 「artificial sun」 to the editor of online media.
It’s gotten so that I don’t even click the article until after I read some comments because of this style of hyperbole.
笑死我了，對網媒小編來說，託卡馬克上產生的任何微小火花都TM可以叫做「人造太陽」。
看著這種震驚體標題我才點進來看的，直到我讀到後面的一些評論後，我才去看樓主引用的文章。
themorningmosca
Samesies:)
彼此 :)
WeLLrightyOH
Yeah any fusion of hydrogen into helium is technically an artificial sun. Editors really know how spice these headlines up.
沒錯，從技術上講，氫聚變成氦都可以叫做人造太陽。小編知道這種震驚體標題會勾起人們興趣的。
ChiTown_Bound
My question is, what contains all the heat from the fusion? How does something 10x as hot as the core of the Sun not just burn a hole through everything?
我在想，聚變產生的所有熱量咋處理?一個10倍於太陽核心溫度的物體難道不會把一切都給燒穿嗎?
punman5
This country has proven how successful crash programs can be. The Manhattan Project and the Apollo program both not only achieved their goals within their time frxs, but also led to significant spin offs in technology as much of the research done had applications outside the programs. The reality of science and engineering is that you have to be willing to put the time and resources into it if you ever want to see the end product. It’s a large but relatively short term expense for a long term result that benefits all of society.
這個國家證明了追趕計劃可以做到多成功！曼哈頓計劃和阿波羅計劃不僅在規定的時間內實現了目標，而且還在這些技術上發展出好多相當厲害的副產品，因為很多已經完成的研究都在計劃之外得到了應用。科學和工程的現實是，如果你想看到最終產品，你就必須在這上面投入時間和資源。雖然是一項巨大但相對短期的投入，但卻得到可以長期惠及全社會的科研成果。
jumbomingus
That spherical tokamak in the UK is on the right track and iirc it has every chance of being net positive in a decade or so.
英國環形託卡馬克裝置很具有發展前途。國際熱核實驗反應堆裝置有望在10年左右時間出成果
sdf_iain
So the question becomes 「How much money will China put into fusion?」
Can they drop a ton on fusion? And if they do, when do they have an energy surplus?
所以問題就變成了「中國會在核聚變上投入多少?」「他們要開始大力發展核聚變嗎?要是這樣，他們什麼時候能達到能量淨輸出?
trelium06
Every. Single. 10. Years.
要想完全達到實用，10年吧
Jpf123
What’s a Tokamak Fusion Reactor?
託卡馬克聚變反應堆到底是個啥？
Iain_MS
A specific type of fussion reactor.
Essentially it is designed to use superheated plasma contained by powerful magnetic fields to fuse hydrogen isotopes into helium releasing large amounts of energy.
It is still experimental at this stage.
一種特殊類型的熔融反應堆。從本質上說，它的設計目的是利用強大磁場中的過熱等離子體將氫同位素聚變為氦，進而釋放出大量的能量。不過現在還處於試驗階段。
StoicGoof
Personally, I wish ANY whom are developing clean fusion, the best of luck. I think the competition will be nothing but beneficial.
就我個人而言，我祝願所有開發清潔核聚變的人好運。我認為這場競爭只會帶來好處。
skuttlebuckets59
After reading these comments I don’t think many people know the difference between fusion and fission and what clean nuclear power means. For those reading, fusion is the goldmine of energy. You basically are taking small, light atoms (ie H He Li) and fusing them with other small atomic nuclei to create a large atom in the process. This releases an incredible amount of energy, much more so than typical fission nuclear reactor plants. I can’t wait for fusion nuclear to take off.
看了各位的評論之後，我覺得很多人都不知道核聚變和核裂變的區別，也不知道清潔核能意味著什麼。對上過學的人來說，核聚變就是能量寶庫。你基本上是把小而輕的原子(即H和Li)和其他小的原子核進行融合，在這個過程中產生一個大的原子。融合過程中釋放出難以置信的能量，比典型的裂變核反應堆所產生的能量要大得多。我都等不及核聚變成功了。
ex143
If I remember right, prolonged exposure to free neutrons does cause materials to themselves to become unstable isotopes, so fusion does have end of life disposal problems.
But that's low grade nuclear waste and can be dealt with fairly easy.
如果我沒記錯的話，長時間暴露在中子照射下確實會導致材料自身變成不穩定的同位素，所以核聚變確實會有核廢料處理的問題。但折中廢料基本無害，處理起來比較容易。
CaptainBlobTheSuprem
While fission is fucking terrifying, like atomic bomb terrifying, fusion is pretty tame. The main idea is make some hydrogen get really fucking hot until it slams into each other and becomes helium. Worst case is that the containment is breaches and the plasma cools back down to gas.
核裂變就跟原子彈一樣可怕，但核聚變卻相當溫順。主要思想是讓一些把氫加熱到離子狀態，直到它們相撞變成氦。最壞的情況是，反應容器破裂，等離子體變涼回歸氣態。
HeyBuddys813
No black holes will be created right?
黑洞不會被製造出來吧，是吧？
Obsidiate_
Do you genuinely think if China achieves it first, they'llShare it b) Use it for generally positive purpose?
你認為中國真的能第一個實現嗎？如果實現了a）他們能分享麼？b）他們會應用在正面用途上嗎？
StoicGoof
Answering B first, wouldn't you say getting 1.393 Billion people(and the industries that support them) off of fossil fuels is a positive purpose?
A> If they wish to slow/stop/reverse climate change damage, I think they'd better share with the other 6.2 Billion of us.
However, I am sure seeing them achieve it would inspire others to do the same.
先回答下B問題，讓一個13.93億人口的國家擺脫化石燃料難道不屬於正面用途？如果他們希望減緩/停止/逆轉氣候變化的破壞，我認為他們最好和其他62億人一起分享。不過，我確信其他國家看到他們成功也會激勵自己加油的。
balseranapit
Yes. They will. They will sell the technology or build one by Chinese company in other countries. In the way how the global economics work.
是的。他們會。他們會出售技術或中國公司出國幫助其他國家建造。這就是全球經濟運作的方式。
feelings_arent_facts
China participates in ITER so that is probably where they are sucking out the tech.
中國參與了國際熱核實驗反應堆項目（ITER），所以這裡可能是他們吸收技術的地方。
HaMMeReD
China is a member of ITER, this is generating science that gets contributed to that project. So A is already true here, as much as people hate China, they are a member nation in the program and contributing to it's success.
中國是ITER的成員，它們的科技為這個項目做出了貢獻。所以分享不會有問題，儘管人們不待見中國，但他們是這個項目的成員並為這個項目的成功做出了貢獻。
FloopsMcGee
All competition is beneficial
所有的競爭都是有益的
nbracy5
Im sorry, but this is definitely NOT the year to turn on a nuclear powered artificial sun.
不好意思，今年還遠不是開啟核能人造太陽的那一年。
faverett28
Maybe we can use the light to kill corona virus. That way we don’t have to waste all our bleach on injections /s
也許我們可以用光殺死新冠病毒，這樣的話我們就不用把漂白劑浪費在注射上了
faverett28
More suns should help our global warming situation for sure
人造太陽越多就越能進一步解決全球變暖問題
nbracy5
Is the artificial Sun heavier than the earth??
人造太陽會比地球沉麼？
harleyquinnUwU
But definitely the year for Spider-man
今年絕對是產生蜘蛛俠的元年
CheesyRamen66
I always hear we’re only 20 years out from doing that.
無論什麼時候我都是聽說還需要20年。
26oclock
China is allright. They even celebrated Oktoberfest recently.
中國肯定沒問題，他們最近甚至還舉辦啤酒節慶祝呢。
TRKlausss
I『m sorry: how is nuclear fusion renewable? I accept that it is clean, I accept that their resources are abundant, and I accept that it is efficient. But how is it renewable?
不明白，核聚變那裡是可再生的?我接受它是乾淨的，我接受它的燃料資源是豐富的，我接受它是高效的。但是它怎麼是再生的呢?
umair_101
Hydrogen is the fuel source
氫是燃料來源
A-Faris
The magnets aren’t used to fuse the plasma, they’re used to keep the plasma floating away from the walls of the reactor. That way it doesnt have to be made of some magically heat immune material.
磁體不是用來聚合等離子體的，而是用來讓等離子體遠離反應堆壁。這樣的話，它就勿需用什麼神奇的耐熱材料製造了。
ISpikInglisVeriBest
This isn't the first operational fusion reactor and they all work the same way, fundamentally.
They fuse light atoms together and produce heat, "just like the sun".
The article title takes that comparison and goes to town with it, while making it sound like the Chinese just invented fusion, which is false.
這並不是第一個運行的核聚變反應堆，從根本上來說，它們的工作方式都是差不多的。
它們將輕原子融合在一起並產生熱量，「就像太陽一樣」。
這篇文章的標題採用了這一比擬，但卻讓人們感覺它就像是被中國人剛剛發明了了一樣，這是錯。
FicklePromise9006
I understand the difference, there are lots of fusion reactors, but none have made worth while net positive results..
我明白其中的區別，現在有很多核聚變反應堆，但是沒有一個是有價值的。
jambottoms
Meanwhile, Americans debate the existence of viruses.
與此同時，美國人還在爭論新冠病毒是不是到底真的有呢
Iantrigue
But achieving fusion is both extremely difficult and prohibitively expensive, with the total cost of ITER estimated at $22.5 billion.
That doesn’t sound all that expensive given context.... HS2 I something like £100b and that’s just a train going half the length of England.
但實現核聚變非常困難，而且成本高嚇人，ITER的總成本估計為225億美元。
在特定背景下，這聽起來並不是很貴……英國2號鐵路線造價約1000億英鎊，這還只是一列才能走半個英格蘭的高鐵。
Crakla
France spend over 50 billion to build 6 fission reactor which are still not finished after 15 years
法國花費500多億美元建6個裂變反應堆，可15年後還沒蓋完呢！
Oswald_Bates
Well, it is the French, we have to assume at some point they』ll just give up.
好吧，這是法國，我認為他們肯定會在某個時刻放棄（投降）的！
sioux612
That doesn't seem overly propaganda like.
It's just an article about them powering up their attempt at a fusion reactor for the first time.
There aren't even any claims in there that would need to be fact checked.
這看起來並不像是誇大宣傳。這只是一篇關於他們第一次嘗試核聚變反應堆的文章。裡面甚至沒有任何需要去核實的聲明。
Slur-a-Lago
I wonder how many Mandela Effects were created when this powered on.
我想知道當這臺機器啟動時，產生了多少曼德拉效應。（註：曼德拉效應，自己的記憶和記錄的歷史不相符，比如80年代的南非總統曼德拉，很多人記憶裡他在80年代死在獄中，但他實際實在2013年才去世，導致部分人記憶混亂。詞條解釋：知乎）
badApple128
Somehow, I always doubt any legitimate scientific advancement from China. Everything is rushed over there and their results and claims are often over-exaggerated
不知怎麼的，我總是懷疑來自中國任何科學突破的正統性。什麼都有一種匆忙上馬的感覺，他們的結果和主張往往都被誇大了
Murdock07
We have a big problem in the research community with low quality articles getting published. It allows China to 「produce more research than any other nation」, but at a very subpar quality. Unless they pick up the same standards as American journals it’s hard to really tell what’s legit and what’s bullshit. There is a reason why they send so many of their graduate students to america to get trained/published
他們在研究領域有一個大問題，就是發表的文章質量很低。他們要求「比其他任何國家產生更多的研究成果」，但質量非常差。除非他們採用與美國期刊相同的標準，否則很難真正區分什麼是正統的，什麼是扯淡。他們把這麼多研究生送到美國搜尋或發表是有原因的
crothwood
That doesn't scan. Why would they intentionally ignore the legitimate ones? I think you are highly overexagerating
那是你沒細看。他們為什麼要故意忽視正統性?我認為你太誇大其詞了
JohnnEy93
It started in China, it』ll end in China.
始於中國，終於中國
EatYourPain
I think anyone whos watched James Bond die another day knows this is a bad idea
我想任何看過007死的人都知道這是個壞主意
middayautumn
Spider-Man 2
蜘蛛人2？
Admiral_Perlo
Propaganda article, nothing new under the sun. The real deal is happening in Françe with the ITER Project, that’s what I would watch out for in a 10 year window.
宣傳文章，這個人造太陽不算新鮮事。真正的大事件是法國的人造太陽計劃，這將是我在10年的時間裡要關注的。
pmax83
That's space force's lunch money. That's why
那是太空部隊的午飯錢。這就是為什麼
marauderingman
First, you get the money. Then, you get the power.
首先你得先有錢才能有能力
kicksomedicks
Good thing the US spent 5X that bailing out 600 billionaires. Who want unlimited clean energy anyway?
好消息是，既然美國幫助自家600名億萬富翁紓困解花費的錢是這個數字的5倍。那還誰想要無限的清潔能源呢?
noriyukik
It’s nothing than a artificial fire ball isn’t it?
這不就是一個人造火球嗎，難道不是?
Imyoteacher
America is still trying to revive Coal and summon Angels from Africa.
美國還在想復興煤炭產業，從非洲召喚奴隸呢！
kraenk12
Something the West hast been doing for decades.
這是西方幾十年來一直在做的事情。
PWEI
This is gonna end badly
這將會是一個很糟的結局
billydude928
Huge progress!
這絕對是個巨大進步
evolutionxtinct
Don’t worry they most likely stole it from someone else.
別感慨了！沒準他們是從別人那裡偷來的技術呢！
amcsdmi
Wow, Sichuan even has the spiciest nuclear reactors.
哇，四川可算是有最辣的核反應堆呦。
PrimaryExchange1
I wonder what country they stole the designs from...
我就想知道他們是從哪個國家偷來的設計…
naeads
Russia probably. They designed the concept first.
可能是俄羅斯。是他們首先設計了這個概念。
diomsidney
Or who!
難道就沒別人了？
N3UROTOXIN
Umm...they were the first ones to turn on a fusion reactor years ago. It listed less than a second but they did. Then germany did.
嗯…… 他們是幾年前啟動核聚變反應堆的第一波人。產生的輸出才不到一秒，但他們做到了。而後就是德國了。
Mr_Owl42
If China got net-positive energy from fusion power, the US would immediately sell off the souls of its robber-barron energy oligarchy and develop fusion power to maintain military dominance. So China doing it first will make the US do it better. It'll be a second cold war, but this time with raw energy - magnets and lasers. Invest in magnets and lasers.
如果中國從核聚變中獲得能量輸出，美國將立即拋棄傳統能源轉而全力發展核聚變以維持其軍事統治地位。所以讓中國先走一步會逼得美國做得更好。這將是第二次冷戰，但這一次使用的是原始能源——磁體和雷射。加大磁體和雷射的投入吧。
homie42085
Havent they done enough to fuck up the world
他們把這個世界搞的還不足夠糟嗎
FUDGEPOOP
No considering your iPhone, PlayStation, Xbox, speakers, tv, cars, airplanes, are all built in China. So no if anything they』ve allowed the rest of the world to live a comfy life.
難道不知道你的iPhone、PlayStation、Xbox、音箱、電視、汽車、飛機都是中國造的嗎？所以，搞糟不可能的。當然。如果有什麼區別的話，那就是是他們讓世界其他地方的人過上了體面舒適的生活。
Quack68
I wonder what US lab China stole it from?
我想知道中國從哪個美國實驗室偷的?
KadirHariri
Oh no not China again … we have enough of Chinas inventions for this year… we still clean up the last mess-.-「
哦，不，他又來了……
ashtefer1
God damnit China have u not seen Spider-Man 2!?
該死，難道你們沒看過《蜘蛛俠2》嗎?
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