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一、have been to, have gone to和have been in1) have been to 表示「過去曾去過某地」，說話時已從該地回來或去了其它地方，總之，現在已不在該地。2) have gone to 表示「以去了某地」，說話時不在說話地點或在去該地的途中，或已到了該地。總之，現在還未回來。3) have been in 表示「已在該地（待了多久）」。表示「已在小地方多久」，需用at, 而後面跟副詞時只用have been，不用任何介詞。Xiao Li has been to Beijing. 小李去過北京。Xiao Li has gone to Beijing. 小李去了北京。Xiao Li has been in Beijing for three years. 小李在北京待了三年了。( ) 1 My father isn't here now. He ___Shanghai. He ___ there twice. B. has gone to; has been to ( ) 2 -Hi! Bruce. I haven’t seen you for three weeks.-Hi! George. I___ America.( ) 3 My uncle___ London for five years. But he will be back next year.A. went B. has been in C. has gone D. has gone to( ) 4 -Could I speak to Mrs. Black, please?-Sorry, she ___ to the library.A. is going B. has gone C. has been D. will to( ) 5 Peter is young, but he___ many foreign countries.A. has been in B. has gone to C went to D. has been to1) since +過去一個時間點 (如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點、1980, last month, half past six)。 I have been here since 1989.My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. I have been here since five months ago.Since 用來說明動作起始時間，for用來說明動作延續時間長度。I have lived here since I was born.Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.I have worked here for many years.He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.1. I』ve known him __________ we were children. 2. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years. 3. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years. 4. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.5.I haven't met him _________a long time. 6. Mary has been here _________8:00 this morning. 7.It hasn’t rained _________two months ago. 三、現在完成時態中，當句中含有一段時間狀語時，謂語動詞短暫變延續！「終止」、「延續」要轉換：英語中的動詞從詞義上可以分為延續性和非延續性（瞬間動詞）兩種，在現在完成時態中一定要注意動詞這一特性，當句中含有一段時間狀語時，應將這類瞬間動詞轉換為延續性動詞。瞬間動詞：come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, die等。延續性動詞：live, teach, learn, work, study, know. → The film has been on for an hour.→ He has been away for ten minutes. catch a cold --- have a cold, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in) open(v.)---be open(adj.),join --- be in+組織機構/ be a member of+組織機構 ( )1.Her grandfather ______ for two years. C. has been dead D. has been died( )2.His father __ the Party since 1978 .( )3.Hurry up! The play ____ for ten minutes . Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. began( ）4.-How long has he_______ this car? -For two years.C. had D. buys( )5.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from D. Left( )6. Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days.A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had現在完成時與一般過去時都表示過去的動作，但現在完成時強調這一動作與現在的關係，如對現在產生的影響、生成的結果等等，而一般過去時只表示在過去的時間內發生的動作或存在的狀態，強調動作，前者強調影響。1) A: Have you seen the film? 你看過這部電影嗎？ B: Did you see the film? 你看過這部電影嗎？A句強調的是被問者對劇情是否了解；B句強調的是看這部電影的動作是否發生過，並不強調是否知道其內容。2)A: She has watered the flowers. 她已經澆了花。（不需要再澆了）B:She watered the flowers yesterday. 她昨天澆的花。表示過去的時間狀語如： yesterday, last week , two years ago ,just now ,in 2002 等，以及when為首的疑問句與一般過去時連用，而不與現在完成時連用。1) Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （錯） Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. （對）2) ---Have you ever been to the great wall?---When did you go there?1. My father _____ (read) the novel twice2.Both of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them ____________ (go) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).5. I _________ (buy) a book just now.6. _________ you _____ (find) your watch yet?