Your doctor may obtain a liver biopsy (肝臟活檢) to determine the cause of liver disease and the extent of the damage. The liver is located in (位於) the upper right abdomen, just under the diaphragm (橫膈膜). It lies almost entirely within the ribcage (胸廓) which provides some protection to the organ. The liver is critical for digestion (消化) and metabolism (新陳代謝). Its many functions include producing bile which is necessary for fat absorption, producing proteins from amino acids (胺基酸), packaging fat for storage or transportation in the blood, regulating blood sugar levels (調節血糖) and processing substances such as alcohol and drugs. A liver biopsy may be ordered to determine the cause of abnormal liver function tests, swelling or enlargement of the liver, and jaundice (黃疸), the yellowish discoloration of the skin and white of the eye that develops when the serum bilirubin is elevated(血清膽紅素升高). Bilirubin is normally metabolized (代謝) by the liver. These signs and symptoms may be due to a variety of liver conditions including cirrhosis (肝硬化), hepatitis (肝炎) or cancer.
Before the procedure, IV line will be started and you may be given a sedative (鎮靜劑) to help you relax. A liver biopsy is done with local anesthesia (局部麻醉藥) so you will be awake during the procedure. You will be asked to lie on your back (平臥) with your right arm above your head. You will need to lie as still as possible during the procedure (術中儘量保持不動). The right lung and gallbladder are close to the liver and moving could cause damage to these organs. Your doctor will determine the location of your liver by ultrasound (超聲) or by lightly tapping your abdomen with his or her fingertips (用手指輕叩腹部). After cleaning the area over the biopsy site with an antiseptic(消毒劑). Your doctor will inject a local anesthetic to numb (麻醉) the skin and surface of the liver. Once the skin is numb, your doctor will make a small Nick with a surgical blade (用手術刀片切一小口). This is where the needle will be introduced. Your doctor will carefully advance the biopsy needle to the surface of the liver. Your doctor will then ask you to hold your breath (屏住呼吸)while he or she advances the needle into the liver and obtains the tissue sample (組織樣本).
As soon as the biopsy is obtained, you will be able to breathe normally. You may feel a momentary sensation (短暫的感覺) in your right shoulder during or just after the biopsy. Some patients have pain that requires additional medication which is provided by your doctor if needed. Afterward, pressure will be applied at the site of the biopsy to stop any bleeding (在活檢處採用壓迫止血) and a bandage will be placed on the incision. You will need to lie on your right side (右側臥位) for a minimum of one hour following the biopsy after the procedure. Your blood pressure and heart rate will be closely monitored after lying on your right side for an hour or two. You'll be asked to lie on your back for a minimum of three additional hours. Liver biopsies are considered outpatient procedures (門診手術) if there are no complications (併發症). You will be discharged four to eight hours after the procedure.
公眾號內關於國際護士考試的相關文章
如何備考國際護士考試-內有視頻和圖片
出國當護士離我們到底有多遠！考了ISPN後應該怎麼做？
我和我的獅城夢-不負自已，不負時光！
經驗分享|夯實基礎，以不變應萬變NCLEX-RN（美國註冊護士考試）
Tina解析國際護士資格考試-缺鐵性貧血飲食
Tina解析國際護士資格考試-缺鐵性貧血飲食-答案及題解
Tina解析國際護士資格考試-低鉀血症
Tina解析國際護士資格考試-低鉀血症-答案及題解
Tina解析ISPN-這是啥病，談性色變.
Tina解析ISPN-這是啥病，談性色變-題目解析
Tina解析ISPN-硫酸鎂的副作用？
Tina解析ISPN-硫酸鎂的副作用?-答案及題解
國外護理留學相關資料
與你相遇在美國俄克拉荷馬城市大學
一個愛心滿滿的護理學院-美國俄克拉荷馬城市大學克萊瑪護理學院！
Tina為你解析奧城大學克雷默護理學院（KSN,OCU）博士招生簡章
想了解美國護理院校的仿真模擬人實驗中心是什麼樣嗎？美國OCU克萊默護理學院的高級仿真模擬人中心（內有視頻）
哈！原來美國大學的食堂是長這樣的！
推薦閱讀的文章：
2019年開啟新篇-人生最大的競爭對手是......
還是輕敵了，來美讀護理博士比我想像得要難！
追逐夢想，永不停歇！——護士Tina的成長記！
學習外語通關秘籍六部曲-看完功力大增
醫學英語縮寫詞集錦-希望你能找到心儀的她
Tina和你一起朗讀23個單元，3000基礎醫學英語詞彙!
Tina空中微課堂醫學英文朗讀全集-30篇文章（內外婦兒等專科）
目前最全的醫學英語詞根前綴後綴匯總（配Tina語音朗讀）
放射影像醫學英語資料匯總
跳出舒適區真不容易，但獲得的成就感讓一切都值得！
肥胖，不可忽視的慢性流行病殺手！
帕金森病Parkinson's disease (PD)
糖尿病酮症酸中毒（Diabetic ketoacidosis, DKA）
肌萎縮側索硬化症 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Chvostek's sign&Trousseau's sign, 這是什麼體徵？
Kawasaki disease川崎病-怎樣像日本人的名字？
全身無力! 是懶癌還是重症肌無力？
Aortic Valve Replacement-主動脈瓣膜置換術
結核病Tuberculosis
手機電腦玩得手痛？有沒有！看看腕管症候群就能找到原因啦！
隆重推出藥理學單詞（附音標和音頻）-1
隆重推出藥理學單詞（附音標和朗讀）-2
隆重推出藥理學單詞（附音標和音頻）-3
西行漫記-英國Royal Free Hospital訪學有感
乳房活檢-醫學英語視頻
醫學英語視頻-想要瘦下來，離肥胖遠點嗎？
醫學英語短文-腦膜炎Meningitis
醫學英語視頻-卵巢癌-內有驚喜......
你想知道更多的醫學英語術語知識嗎？
Tina空中微課堂在CCtalk上推出的一系列醫學英語教學視頻
可長按下面二維碼進入CCtalk購買！
《醫學英語術語學》（1.5版）
《醫學英語術語學-腫瘤醫學》
《醫學英語術語學-眼科醫學》