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定語從句as與which的用法辨析
作為英語學科最主要的語法項目之一,定語從句是各階段英語考試中的常考點,也是招教英語考試中的熱點和難點,而由引導詞as,which連接的定語從句,很多考生並不能進行正確地辨析。那兩者到底有何不同呢?
一、只能用which引導的定語從句
1. 在限定詞定語從句中先行詞為單個名詞時,如:
My brother enjoys working with the digger,____ he can drive really well.
A.as B.which C.when D.though
【辨析】答案B。當先行詞為單個名詞時,連接後面定語從句的關係詞用which,不用as。如本題的先行詞為digger,而不是前面整句話。
2.「介詞+關係代詞」,如:
This is the magical pen with_____ he often writes.
A.as B.which C.what D.how
【解析】答案B。介詞後面的關係代詞一般用which,不用as。
3.當後置的非限定性定語從句為否定句時,如:
She married him,_____ we hadn’t expected.
A.when B.that C.which D.what
【解析】答案C。由於非限制性定語從句是否定句,所以關係代詞置只能選which,不能用as。
4.當非限制性定語從句中的謂語動詞為實意動詞時,如:
He is always late for school, ____makes his teacher angry.
A.which B. as C.why D.who
【解析】答案A。本題非限定性定語從句的謂語動詞為make,為實意動詞,所以選擇which。
二、只能用as引導的定語從句
1.關係代詞置於句首時,如:
____is known to all, he is always late for school.
A.which B. as C.what D.It
【解析】答案B。關係代詞as與which的區別之一便在於其在句中所處的位置,當關係代詞需置於首句時,只能用as,不用which。另外,該題選項D也為幹擾選項,It is known to all, he is always late for school,是2個各自獨立的句子,造成英語語法中常犯的一個的錯誤——斷句。正確的句子應為:It is known to all that he is always late for school.It為形式主語。
2.在the same...as句型中,關係代詞用as,如:
I have bought the same dress ____ she is wearing.
A. as B. that C. which D. than
【解析】答案A。關係代詞as作定語從句she is wearing的賓語,the same...as的意思為「正是.../和...一樣」。the same...as與the same...that的區別在於前者為「和...一樣」,是兩件,不過長得像,而後者是指同一件。如:This is the same pen as I lost last week./This is the same pen that I lost last week.
3.在as...as句型中,關係代詞用as,如:
No period in history has had as many important changes_____have taken place in the past century.
A.which B.as C.that D.what
【解析】答案B。as...as的意思是「像...那樣的」,其中as在本句中當主語。該句的句意為:歷史上還沒有那個時期發生的重大變化像上個世紀那樣多。
小試牛刀:
1._______ has been announced, we shall have our final exam
next month.
A.That B. As C. It D. What
2. —Robert, is this yours?
—Yes, it's just the same Walkman _______ I lost on the
playground yesterday.
A. which B. what C. As D. that
3.In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm,
_______ many people have gone home.
A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which time
參考答案:BDD
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