2014年8月9日 訊 /生物谷BIOON/ --近日,來自滑鐵盧大學的土木工程學家通過研究揭示了一種傷口癒合的新路徑,這或許可以幫助科學家們理解癌症擴散,甚至是新生兒出生缺陷的分子機制,相關研究刊登於國際雜誌Nature Physics上。
文章中,研究者Wayne Brodland表示,我們開發了一種計算機模型,其可以分析研究細胞間的機械作用方式;而傷口癒合看似簡單,實際上其中涉及的過程遠比我們想像中複雜。
當提高土木工程學時,人們往往會聯想到房子和橋梁,而並不會聯想到人類機體,而本文中這種新型計算機模型的建立可以幫助研究者們重現細胞的運動方式,並且揭示驅動細胞運動的分子機制。
當我們不小心切到了自己會留下永恆的傷疤,但是傷疤在細胞中並不會看到;研究者發現,當細胞爬行到傷口發生的特殊位點,以及通過形成傷口邊緣的細繩樣結構引發的收縮反應就可以使得傷口閉合,研究者很好奇為何這種細繩樣的結構儘管出現破碎也會正常發揮作用。這項研究對於揭示人類健康領域的問題以及發生機制提供了一定的線索和幫助。
最後研究者Brodland教授說道,這項研究非常重要,因為其可以幫助我們理解細胞運動的方式和機制,我們希望有一天這種機制可以幫助我們消除新生兒的出生畸形和缺陷,比如新生兒脊柱裂,並且可以幫助我們開發阻斷癌細胞擴散的新型療法。 (生物谷Bioon.com)
Forces driving epithelial wound healing
Agustí Brugués, Ester Anon, Vito Conte, Jim H. Veldhuis, Mukund Gupta, Julien Colombelli, José J. Muñoz, G. Wayne Brodland, Benoit Ladoux & Xavier Trepat
A fundamental feature of multicellular organisms is their ability to self-repair wounds through the movement of epithelial cells into the damaged area. This collective cellular movement is commonly attributed to a combination of cell crawling and 『purse-string』 contraction of a supracellular actomyosin ring. Here we show by direct experimental measurement that these two mechanisms are insufficient to explain force patterns observed during wound closure. At early stages of the process, leading actin protrusions generate traction forces that point away from the wound, showing that wound closure is initially driven by cell crawling. At later stages, we observed unanticipated patterns of traction forces pointing towards the wound. Such patterns have strong force components that are both radial and tangential to the wound. We show that these force components arise from tensions transmitted by a heterogeneous actomyosin ring to the underlying substrate through focal adhesions. The structural and mechanical organization reported here provides cells with a mechanism to close the wound by cooperatively compressing the underlying substrate.