A 74-year-old woman with head trauma

2021-02-12 神經影像家園

A 74-year-old woman with head trauma

What is your diagnosis?

A. Subarachnoid hemorrhage

B. Intracranial hemorrhage

C. Cortical vein thrombosis

D. Subdural hematoma

A

B

?

?

?

The answer is Cortical Vein Thrombosis

Cortical vein thrombosis (CVT) may occurr as a consequence of retrograde extension of cerebral venous thrombosis, or secondarily, to the tearing of the bridging veins caused by acceleration-deceleration and rotational forces in head trauma. 

On the CT, the classic finding is the 「tadpole-like」 hyperdensities (arrows), which consist of an oval- to round-shaped 「body」 representing thrombotic material within the vein, and a bent 「tail」 reflecting a torn bridging vein, expanded by clotted blood.

中文版:

女性,74歲,頭部外傷

診斷?

A. 蛛網膜下腔出血

B. 顱內血腫

C. 皮層靜脈血栓形成

D. 硬膜下血腫

診斷:皮層靜脈血栓形成

皮層靜脈血栓(CVT)可由腦靜脈內血栓逆行引起,也可繼發於橋靜脈撕裂,橋靜脈撕裂通常因頭部外傷所致突然加速-減速或突然旋轉的力量引起。

CT表現為「蝌蚪樣」高密度影(箭頭),包括圓形或卵圓形「體部」,代表靜脈內血栓性物質,和彎曲的「尾部」,代表被撕裂、擴大的橋靜脈,內含有血凝塊。

From AJNR Classic Case

何為橋靜脈?

橋靜脈是連接大腦淺靜脈和靜脈竇之間的「紐帶靜脈」,一般都是游離的,就上矢狀竇而言,額頂外側面及內側面的引流靜脈,先是穿破軟腦膜、蛛網膜下腔,到達硬膜下,然後游離走行一段,這游離的一段就是橋靜脈,由橋靜脈進入上矢狀竇,或者橋靜脈進入硬腦膜靜脈竇,在進入上矢狀竇。

腦的靜脈並不與動脈伴行。靜脈形成豐富的網,保障了靜脈血回流的通暢無阻。腦靜脈無瓣膜,可分為腦淺靜脈和深靜脈兩系,深、淺靜脈在皮質下相互交通。

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