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原標題：上升國字編號，退役軍人優待證更加期待
克萊因瓶是一個不可定向的二維緊流形，而球面或輪胎面是可 克萊因瓶 克萊因瓶 定向的二維緊流形。如果觀察克萊因瓶，有一點似乎令人困惑－－ 「67P/楚留莫夫-格拉希門克」彗星 [67] 在太 CHAPTER X. TOBACCO OFFERINGS. 1808. It was a beautiful moonlight evening in August. A shadowy haze lingered over the river, which glistened and sparkled in the moonlight. The Chief and several members of his family were seated on the beach in front of the Wigwam listening to the Honorable Joseph Papineau, who, with his son, Louis Joseph, had come up in a canoe to see the falls. The former had recently purchased from Bishop Laval the unsettled seigniory of Petit Nation, and had erected an unpretentious cottage, which he occupied during the summer months. HON. LOUIS JOSEPH PAPINEAU AND MADAME PAPINEAU. From Morgan's "Types of Canadian Women" (copyright, 1903), by permission. HON. LOUIS JOSEPH PAPINEAU AND MADAME PAPINEAU. From Morgan's "Types of Canadian Women" (copyright, 1903), by permission. "It was a lovely vision," said Mr. Papineau, who had just performed the feat of canoeing to the foot of the Chaudiere Falls for the first time. "On our return we climbed the rugged cliff on the south side, and never shall I forget the panorama that spread out before us. The sun, sinking slowly behind the Laurentian hills, had clothed himself with a robe of splendor. The long reflections lay soft on the waters of the river below. The clouds of ascending mist from the Chaudiere took a thousand shades of color as the western sky faded slowly from crimson into gold and from gold to green and gray, and finally displayed dark shapes, out of which imagination might well have formed a thousand monsters.* * Louis Joseph, afterwards known as the Demosthenes of Canada, and who almost succeeded in making Canada a Republic, with himself as President, was evidently much impressed with the scene, which he described as follows: "Le soleil etait pret decendre sous l'horison, la mureille tout limpide etait d'une transparence vivre, tout penetree de lumiere vaguement prismatiseé." "As we watched the gathering shadows my thoughts went back two hundred years, to the time when Champlain went on his first trip up the 'Riviere des Algoumequins,' as he called it. About two years before he took the trip he sent Nicholas de Vignan, a young Frenchman, up the river with some friendly Indians, and Nicholas had returned with the marvellous story that he had reached the North Sea. He said that the journey could be made in a few days. He also gave an account of having seen the wreck of an English ship. "Champlain was completely taken in, and lost no time in starting off to verify the discovery for which the world had been looking for some time. His fleet consisted of two canoes with two Indians and three Frenchmen, one of whom was Dg employment to over one hundred men. Fortunately for the pioneers of the Ottawa, they were not dependent upon the small revenue derived from the cultivation of the land, but had other resources which afforded them much greater remuneration. The British Navy, which hitherto had been dependent upon Russia for its cordage and lumber, had to look elsewhere for its supply of hemp and timber, owing to the ports of the Baltic having been closed to British ships. The price of hemp having risen from ￡25 to ￡118 per ton, they undertook the cultivation of it, and raised over three-fourths of the amount raised in Lower Canada at that time. The exportation of lumber and vegetable alkali, or potash, were also great sources of revenue. In the new clearances were tons of wood ashes from which the lye was extracted and boiled till it looked like molten iron, a barrel of which sold at that time for thirty dollars. Prosperity and success crowned every commercial enterprise upon which they ventured until fire swept every mill, factory and dwelling in the thriving little village out of existence, including thousands of dollars in cash in a small safe in the office, quantities of wheat, hemp, sawn lumber, laths and general merchandise. As there was no compensation in the way of insurance, the loss was much felt. Philemon Wright was not the man to be deterred from climbing the ladder of success, even though he had to mount it by the rungs of adverse circumstances. Though the loss sustained was great, almost overwhelming, he rose above it with a courage which yielded not to disappointment or failure. The cause of the fire long remained a mystery. That it was the work of an incendiary was beyond question. Various theories were advocated by the settlers, but suspicion rested upon Machecawa, who, it was alleged, had been seen by the bookkeeper at a late hour lingering about the mills, a suspicion which gained no credence with the Chief and his family.陽系的周圍還包裹著一個龐大的「奧爾特雲」。星雲內分布著不計其數的冰塊、雪團和碎石。其中的某些會受太陽引力影響飛入內太陽系，這就是彗 [76] 在超新星爆發的過程中所釋放的能量，需要我們的太陽燃燒900億年才能與之相當。[77] 超新星研究有著關乎人類自身命運的深層意義。如果一顆超新星爆發的位置非常接近地球，目前國際天文學界普遍認為此距離在100光年以內，它就能夠對地球的生物圈產生明顯的影響，這樣的超新星被稱為近地超新星。有研究認為，在地球歷史上的奧陶紀大滅絕，就是一顆近地超新星引起的，這次滅絕導致當時地球近60%的海洋生物消失。[78]克萊因瓶是一個不可定向的二維緊流形，而球面或輪胎面是可 克萊因瓶 克萊因瓶 定向的二維緊流形。如果觀察克萊因瓶，有一點似乎令人困惑－－克萊因瓶的瓶頸和瓶身是相交的，換句話近代科學興起的先驅者、是捍衛科學真理並為此獻身的殉道士。有另一種說法認為，近代以來關於羅馬梵蒂岡的地心說和哥白尼的日心說的鬥爭是被嚴重誇大的。布魯諾1600年遭受火刑的原因，並非因知行星圍繞太陽作圓周運動。然而，人們是否能接受哥白尼提出的新的宇宙模式呢？全世界的人——尤其是權力極大的天主教會是否相信太陽是宇宙中心這一說法呢？由於害怕教會的懲罰，哥白尼在世時不敢公開他的發現。1543年，這一發現才公諸天下。即使在那個時候，哥白尼的發現還不斷受到教會高無上的真理，凡是違背聖經的學說，Eighteen months passed. The Chief was in Quebec with Hannah and Abbie awaiting the arrival of Rug, who had been sent by his father to the Mother Land to dispose of two cargoes of timber. It was an unusually cold evening in June. Snow had been falling all day. The neighboring hills were covered with large feathery crystals, which, however, soon melted as the sun appeared for a moment before sinking behind the gray walls of the Castle St. Louis. Just as the evening gun was fired, news had reached the union Hotel that a vessel had been sighted near the Island of Orleans. It was ascertained that it w against a sea voyage from the time they left Liverpool. "Nor is this all," he said; "I have something better still on board for the new settlement, namely, twenty-five English families, who are going to take up land in the township and pay for it in work." "And who nearly turned mutineers," added the captain, slapping him on the shoulder, "did they not, Wright?" "How was that?" asked the Chief. "When we boarded the vessel at Liverpool," replied Rug, "some were bright and cheerful, but most of them were in tears, which showed that they did not leave the Old Land without a struggle. We soon weighed anchor and were under sail with a fair wind, but it came round to the east and blew fresher, so that we were forced to come to anchor not far from the place we left. The ship, as you may see, was fitted up for the timber trade, and has only a small cabin or quarter-deck. On each side are ranged two tiers of berths for passengers providing their own bedding. Along the open space in the middle we placed two rows of large chests which were used sometimes as tables, sometimes as seats—all of which I shall show you presently. There was much noise and confusion before all found berths; crying children, swearing sailors, scolding women, who had not been able to secure the beds they wanted, produced a chorus of a very melancholy nature. The disagreeableness of it was heightened by the darkness of the night and the rolling and a new and better country. "As we neared the banks of Newfoundland a most extraordinary phenomenon was produced by the dashing of the salt water against the bow of the ship in the evening. The water seemed on fire and produced a very fine effect. The next day a mass of ice appeared about two hundred yards distant. It was almost half a mile in length, and was moving south-east. Soon after we found the channel between Cape Breton and Cape Ray, and got into the ice. The captain sent eight men to the bow with fenders. One piece knocked splinters off the bow and threw us all down. About five days later we reached the Island of Anticosti, but I was too ill to see it. We saw porpoises in shoals plunging about the ship, while the sailors tried to harpoon them beneath the bow. About two hundred and eighty miles below Quebec the pilot came on board. His number was painted in large characters on his sail as well as on his boat. He had a cask of fresh water and some maple sugar, which he sold at an extortionate price to the passengers. "Near Bic Island we saw whales spouting water at a great height, and a habitant came out in a boat with a large basket of eggs, which he disposed of at a shilling per dozen, and so we continued on until the domes and towers of Quebec came in sight and I began to realize the inexpressible joy of being at home once more."* * Diary of Rev. Robert Bell and letters of R. Wright. Rug was a young man of great executive ability, a young man whose word could be relied upon with absolute certainty, a young man who proved himself the very soul of honor in all his business transactions.都被斥為「異端邪說」，凡是反對神權統治的人，都被處以火刑。新興的資產階級為自己的生存和發展，掀起了一場反對封建制度和教會迷信思想的鬥爭，出現了人文主義的思潮。他們使用的戰鬥武器，就是未被神學染汙的古希臘的哲學、科學和文藝。這就是震撼歐洲的文藝復興運動。文藝復興首先發生於義大利，很快就擴大到波蘭及歐洲其他國家。與此同時，商業的活躍也促進了對外貿易的發展。在「黃金」這個符咒的驅使下，許多歐洲冒險者遠航非洲、印度及整個遠東地區。遠洋航行需要豐富的天文和地理知識，從實際中積累起來的觀測資料，使人們感到當時流行的「地靜天動」的宇宙 CHAPTER IV. AN INDIAN SUITOR. 1803. Machecawa and his friend O'Jawescawa became frequent visitors at the Wigwam. They would come in the morning, uninvited, and sit silently all day long before the open fire and observe all that was going on. The spinning-wheel and hand-loom were objects of unceasing interest to them, and though it proved a great distraction to the children in their studies, and to the girls in the performance of their domestic duties, to have them there, they were always treated not only with respect but with consideration and kindness. One morning Machecawa stood gazing intently into the fire. His face wore an expression of perplexity. At length he turned to the White Chief, who was explaining a mathematical problem to one of his boys, and said: "Big Injun, he want to speak his thoughts from books. He want to know white man's Manitou." "May I teach him, father? Just for an hour every day?" said Chrissy, a tall, fair, thoughtful girl of seventyour neck, Machecawa?" said Bearie, the second son, a short, well knit, sturdy-looking youth of eighteen, whose every expression reflected a bright, happy, generous disposition. "She am my Manitou," replied the Indian. &q39;you no eat no teeng seex days.' By em by I am dream some teeng, me, dat some teeng she am my manitou. She help me kill beeg bear; she mak dem Iroquois dogs run like one wild moose. My fadder she am pleese; she make my manitou on my arm—see!" he said, rolling up his sleeve. On his shoulder was the rude outline of a fish, which had been tatooed with sharp bones and with the juice of berries rubbed in. "But what is in the little bag?" asked Bearie. "Will you let me see it?" After a good deal of reluctance he gave in at last, and two curious boys untied the precious parcel, while the others, equally curious, looked over his shoulders at a few old broken fish bones which were all the little bag contained. "Well, old man," said Bearie, slowly replacing the sacred relics, "we put our faith in something better than that. The white man trusts the Great Spirit in heaven to care for him and to take him to heaven when he dies." "Any bear in hebben?" asked the Indian. "No," said Bearie, "only good people." "Dat hebben she am no good for big Injun," said Machecawa, sadly. "De happy hunting ground she am full of moose, buffalo, bear, beaver. She am far, far away at de end of land, where de sun she sleep—two, tree moons away. One beeg dog she am cross, an' she bark at dead Injun, but he go on, an' on, an' on, an' den he am glad." It began to dawn upon the vigilant mother at length that it was not so much the wonders of civilization nor the desire to "speak his thoughts from books" that led Machecawa day after day to the Wigwam, as an ever-increasing interest in her fun-loving daughter, Abbie, who was a year younger than Chrissy, and who seemed unconscious of the fact that the eyes of the red chief were ever upon her.學說值得懷疑，這就要求人們進一步去探索宇宙的秘密，從而推進了天文學和地理學的發展。1492年，義大利著名的航海家哥倫布發現新大陸，麥哲倫和他的同伴繞地球一周，證明地球是圓形的，使人們開始真正認識地球。[4] 對他國的影響 在教會嚴密控制下的中世紀，也發生過轟轟烈烈的宗教革命。因為天主教的很多教義不符合聖經的教誨，而加入了太多教皇的個人意志以及各類神學家的自身成果，所以很多信徒開始質疑天主教的教義和組織，發起回歸聖經的行動來。捷克的愛國主義者、布拉格大學校長揚·胡斯（1369～1415年）在君士坦丁堡的宗教會議上公開譴責德意志封建主與天主教會對捷克的壓迫和剝削。他雖然被反動教會處以火刑，但他的革命活動在社會上引起了強烈的反應。捷克農民在胡斯黨人的旗幟下舉行起義，這次運動也波及波蘭。1517年，在德國，馬丁·路德（1483～1546年）反對教會販賣贖罪符，與羅馬教皇公開決裂。1521年，路德又在沃爾姆國會上揭露羅馬教廷的罪惡，並提出建立基督教新教的主張。新教的教義得到許多國家的支持，波蘭也深受影響。 去年，《退役軍人保障法（草案）》提請十三屆全國人大常委會第二十二次會議進行二次審議時，
對於數千萬退役軍人關注的優待證問題，二審作出「提級」。將一審草案中明確的
「退役軍人優待證由省級人民政府制發」，修改為「全國統一制發、統一編號」。於此，退役軍人優待證的含金量將更高、互認性更強，更加值得期待。二次審議稿更加突出本法的保障法定位，進一步明確和細化相關保障措施，刪去部分條款中有關管理的表述，同時明確「退役軍人優待證全國統一制發、統一編號。」
解讀：統一制發、統一編號，提高辨識度、真偽度就不說了，個人覺得最大的優勢就是
實現了全國互認，如此有望打破以戶籍區別基本優待，畢竟國家出臺的基本優待目錄清單項目，每一個退役軍人優撫對象都應該享受。《退役軍人保障法（草案）進入二次審議，相比一稿而言，就社會公眾關注較高的問題，均得到頂層關注且修改完善。而在一稿中就已經明確，安置地人民政府退役軍人工作主管部門在接收退役軍人時向退役軍人發放退役軍人優待證。
解讀：《退役軍人優待證》何時頒布，是數千萬退役軍人群體共同關注的問題。2020年初，《退役軍人基本優待目錄清單》已經公布，其中包括懸掛光榮牌等24條具體優待內容。
《退役軍人基本優待目錄清單》的公布，可以說退役軍人優待證的到來更進了一步。《退役軍人保障法（草案）》提請二審，這是首部退役軍人保障的法律，
對於廣大退役軍人來說，不是越早出臺越好，而是政策越完善越好，保障越到位越好。二審稿中明確增加修改：
退役軍人的政治、生活等待遇與其服現役期間所做貢獻掛鈎。解讀：如果不論貢獻大小，退役後一律享受同樣優待服務項目及標準，顯然對為國犧牲更多、奉獻更大的優撫對象有些不公，優待項目分級管理，讓付出更多、貢獻更大的退役軍人，享受更多優待。其實，在今年初出臺的《退役軍人基本優待目錄清單》中，差異化優待已經有所體現，
對貢獻越大的退役軍人將享受更多的優待服務。譬如服現役期間榮獲個人二等功以上獎勵的退役軍人，其名錄載入地方志。
乾貨四：退役軍人憑退役軍人優待證等有效證件享受旅遊等優待。二審的《退役軍人保障法（草案）》明確或增加，
退役軍人憑退役軍人優待證等有效證件享受旅遊等優待。解讀：此前，有的城市推出了退役軍人免費遊覽政府投資興辦的景區、風景名勝及公園等，甚至在乘坐公共運輸工具上也給予了免費優待，然而這些退役軍人普遍關注的問題，卻沒能寫進《退役軍人基本優待目錄清單》。在一審中，
《退役軍人保障法（草案）》將公共運輸、文化優待等寫入法律條文，並明確具體辦法由縣級以上地方人民政府制定。如今，二審草案中或增加「退役軍人憑退役軍人優待證等有效證件享受旅遊等優待」，如此
全國退役軍人享受旅遊等優待有望實現，而不再區分戶籍。乾貨五：軍隊及公立醫療機構，對退役軍人提供優待、優惠。一審的《退役軍人保障法（草案）》提出，
軍隊醫療機構、公立醫療機構應當為退役軍人就醫提供優待服務，並對參戰退役軍人、殘疾退役軍人給予優惠。二審草案中明確，
縣級以上人民政府充分利用現有醫療和養老服務資源，收治或者集中供養孤老、生活不能自理的退役軍人。解讀：各地有少數軍隊醫療機構或地方公立醫療機構對退役軍人提供就醫優先優待服務。在《退役軍人保障法（草案）》中進行具體明確規範，是對所有軍隊醫院、公立醫院提出要求和標準，
退役軍人就醫優先優待將成為「標配」。如今，收治或者集中供養孤老、生活不能自理的退役軍人寫入二審草案，無疑是給退役軍人一個「兜底」保障。二審草案中明確，建議刪去草案（一稿）第二十六條的規定，並將草案第七十一條第二款修改為：退役軍人違法犯罪的，由省級人民政府退役軍人工作主管部門按照國家有關規定中止、降低或者取消其退役相關待遇，報國務院退役軍人工作主管部門備案。
解讀：軍人服現役期間受到紀律處分後的職級確定和待遇處理問題，相關規定已經比較明確，無需重複規定；軍人退役後因違法犯罪被中止、降低或者取消其相關待遇的決定部門層級也比較低。這樣規範，更突顯保障。
今天，小編向大家推薦一個關於介紹全球軍事熱點的公眾號：《譯史論壇》，每天刊登關於臺海和南海的軍事新聞和評論。這個平臺也是我們編輯的，望大家喜歡。長按下方二維碼就能快速關注，並置頂公眾號。
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