Hello, I'm Emma from mmmEnglish and in this lesson, I'm going to go over ten advanced English adjectives. And I want to do that for two reasons.
大家好，我是Emma，歡迎來到Emma的美味英語，在本節課程中，我將帶大家學習十個高級英語形容詞。我這麼做呢，有兩個原因。
Firstly, to help you expand your vocabulary and help you to express yourself in interesting ways but also because these advanced English adjectives can be quite tricky to pronounce.
They have several syllables, consonant clusters and quite a few different stress patterns.
首先是幫助大家擴充詞彙量，幫助大家以更加有趣的方式表達自己，但也是因為這些高級英語形容詞發音可能會有點點複雜。它們包含幾個音節、輔音叢，還有一些不同的重音結構。
So today I want to show you how you can use these adjectives correctly and accurately so that you can sound more sophisticated when you speak in English. . . . . . .
所以今天呢，我想給大家看一下該如何正確地使用這些形容詞，這樣你們在說英語的時候聽起來就會更加高級。
We've got ten adjectives to get through so let's just dive straight into this lesson and get started. Our first adjective is 'explicit'.
我們有十個形容詞要學習，所以讓我們直接進入正題，開始學習吧。我們的第一個形容詞是「明確的」。
Say it with me. Explicit. There's a really tricky consonant cluster in there.
和我一起念，明確的。這裡面有一個非常複雜的輔音叢。
Explicit. So the stress there is on the second syllable but all of the vowel sounds are short.
明確的。這裡的重音是在第二個音節上，但是所有的元音都非常簡短。
Now if something is explicit, it's said or it's explained in an extremely clear way like you can't doubt what the meaning is if it's explicit.
Now you often see it being used when people are giving instructions or warnings or even threats so it's quite serious, this word.
如果某件事情很明確的話，那麼這件事情就是以一種非常清晰的方式敘述或者是解釋，如果很明確的話，你就不會懷疑這到底是什麼意思。你經常會看到當人們給予指導或者是警告，甚至是威脅的時候會使用這個單詞，所以這是個非常嚴肅的單詞呢。
He gave explicit instructions to turn the gas off after an hour. As with many, many English adjectives we can add -ly to the end of this one to create the adverb 'explicitly'.
他給予了明確的指示，要在一個小時之後關上天然氣。很多英語形容詞我們都可以在後面加上-ly，這個單詞後面加上-ly之後就變成了副詞『明確地』。
I explicitly told you to stay in this room until I returned. Exponential.
我明確地告訴過你在我回來之前都要呆在這間房子裡。越來越快的。
Hear that stress? Exponential.
聽到重音了嗎？越來越快的。
We use this word to talk about growth. When something is growing or it's increasing really, really quickly, we describe this growth as exponential.
我們用這個單詞來談論增長。當某件事物在增長，或者是增長得非常非常快的時候，我們就會以『越來越快的』來描述。
We've seen an exponential increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere over the past twenty years. Now again the adverb 'exponentially' can be used to modify a verb.
在過去的二十年中，我們見證了大氣中溫室氣體越來越快的增長。同樣的，副詞『越來越快地』可以用來修飾一個動詞。
Company profits grew exponentially throughout 2019. That means they increased rapidly or really, really quickly.
公司利潤在2019年增長得越來越快。意思就是增長得非常非常非常快。
Now I want you to think of a way to use this word in a sentence yourself.
You could choose either the adjective or the adverb but I want you to write it in the comments below so that I can give you some feedback and help you to increase your English skills exponentially.
現在我想讓大家想一想自己造個句子，在句子中使用這個單詞。你可以使用形容詞或者是動詞，但是我希望大家寫在下方的評論處，這樣我就可以給大家一些反饋，幫助大家快速提升英語水平。
Specific. Now although this word is quite common, it's also quite commonly mispronounced, especially as an adverb.
特定的。儘管這個單詞非常常見，它經常也被誤讀，尤其是作為副詞的時候。
Specific. The stress is on that middle syllable.
特定的。重音是在中間的音節上。
There are specific areas within the festival where children are not allowed. For specific instructions, please refer to the guide.
藝術節有一些特定的區域孩子不能去。欲知詳細指導，請詢問導遊。
Now we can use the adverb 'specifically' to express very similar ideas. Specifically. It's not Specifically.
我們可以使用副詞『特定地』來表達相似的意思。特定。不是特定。
They bought the land specifically to establish a vineyard. Please answer the questions as specifically as you can.
他們特意買了這塊土地來建立一個葡萄園。請儘量詳細地回答這些問題。
So we know that adding -ly to an adjective to create an adverb is a really common pattern in English?
It happens all the time but when an adjective ends in the sound like 'specific', we don't pronounce the syllable before the -ly and there's lots of examples of this.
我們知道在形容詞後面加-ly來創造一個副詞在英文中是非常常見的模式。這種情況總是會出現，但是當形容詞像『specific』這樣結尾的話，我們不會把-ly之前的音節念出來，這樣的例子是很多的。
Realistically. Strategically.
實事求是地。策略性地。
Logically. They're all pronounced in the same way just like 'specifically'.
邏輯清晰地。他們的發音方式和『特定地』是一樣的。
Colloquial. That's another tricky consonant cluster. That/kw/.
口語的。那是另一個複雜的輔音叢。就是/kw/。
Colloquial. Now you've probably heard me or another English teacher using this word before because it's related to language and it shows that a word is used in an informal conversation rather than in formal language or in written English.
口語的。你們可能聽過我或者是其他的英語老師之前說的這個單詞，因為它是和語言相關的，它的意思是一個單詞是用在非正式的對話當中，而不是正式的語言或者是書面英語中。
That English expression is quite colloquial. Quite colloquial.
那個英語表達非常的口語化。非常口語化。
It's a bit of a tongue twister. We use that word colloquially.
有點饒舌呢。我們會在口語中使用那個單詞。
So I want you to think of an example of an English expression, maybe an idiom that is quite colloquial and add it into the comments below. We'll see how many colloquial expressions we can get down there.
我想讓大家思考一個英語表達的例子，可能是一個非常口語化的習語，然後把它添加在評論區。讓我們來看一下可以在下面看到多少口語表達。
Delicate. Listen to the stress pattern there.
精緻的。仔細聽一下這裡的重音結構。
Our first syllable is stressed and the last one is unstressed. Delicate.
我們的第一個音節是重讀的，最後一個是非重讀的。精緻的。
You hear that schwa sound in the final syllable, it's not/delikeit/. It's 'delicate'.
你可以聽到最後一個音節的中元音，不是/delikeit/。是『delicate』。
And we also use the adverb 'delicately' as well. Now these words, they have quite a few meanings but it's often used to describe flavour or smell or color that is really pleasant and not too strong.
我們也會使用副詞『精緻地』。這些單詞呢都有不同的意思，但是通常是用來描述味道、氣味或者是顏色，非常沁人心脾賞心悅目，但是並不很重。
So we could say: The flavours of this dish are quite delicate.
所以我們可以說：這道菜的味道非常清香。
Now we also use it when something is done in a really careful way so that it's not damaged. He placed the fruit delicately into a box.
當某件事情是以一種非常小心的方式完成，所以沒有損壞的時候，我們也會使用它。他把水果小心翼翼地放回了箱子中。
But we also use it when something is done in a careful way so that people are not upset or annoyed. We need to handle this situation very delicately.
但是當某件事情完成得非常認真，所以沒有人生氣難過的時候，我們也會使用這個單詞。我們需要小心處理這個情況。
If you had a friend and you had to tell them something that you knew would upset them or maybe hurt their feelings but it had to be said, you would want to do it delicately, you would want to say it to them delicately. Carefully.
如果你有個朋友得告訴他們你知道的事情，但是會讓他們難過，或者是讓他們受傷，但是必須得說出來，你就需要小心謹慎地來處理，你需要小心謹慎地告訴他們。非常小心地。
Coherent. I love this adjective.
一致的。我喜歡這個形容詞。
Can you hear where the stressed syllable is? Coherent.
你能聽到重音在哪裡嗎？一致的。
It's that vowel sound in the middle. Coherent.
是中間的元音音節。一致的。
So when something or someone communicates in a really clear and sensible way that people can understand, that's coherent. The minister offered a clear and coherent explanation for the tax increase.
當某件事情或者是某個人以一種非常清晰的大家可以理解的方式進行溝通的時候，就是一致的。部長就稅收增加給予了明確一致的解釋。
The opposite is 'incoherent'. We could say:
反義詞是「不一致的」。我們可以說：
The email that he sent was poorly written and quite incoherent. We want to make sure that you are very coherent when you're using English.
他發的那封郵件寫的很爛，前後都不一致。我們想要確定的是，你在使用英語的時候是前後一致的。
Eloquent. So the first syllable is stressed and the other two reduce down to become the schwa sound.
能言善辯的。這裡的重讀是第一個音節，另外兩個音節弱化成了中元音。
Eloquent. And just like 'colloquial', this adjective is related to language, okay?
能言善辯的。就像『口語化』的一樣，這個形容詞也是和語言相關的，對吧？
It's used when someone expresses themselves really clearly and effectively. And almost beautifully.
當有人非常清晰非常有效地表達自己的時候，就會使用這個詞。而且表達非常優美。
She gave an eloquent speech at the gala dinner. Or he spoke eloquently about his journey of personal development.
她在盛會晚宴發表了非常具有說服力的演講。或者是他就自己的個人發展之旅說得非常流利。
Exquisite. Now a lot of these adjectives that we've been talking about today have this consonant cluster.
精湛的。我們今天討論的很多形容詞都有這個輔音叢。
Exquisite. Now the stress here is on the middle syllable.
精湛的。這裡的重音是在中間的音節上。
And at the end, often when a word ends in an E that's silent in English, often it extends the vowel sound out. But not here, this last syllable is really short.
在最後呢，一般來說一個英語中的單詞如果是以不發音的E結尾的話，那麼它就會把元音給延長。但是這裡並不是這樣，最後一個音節非常短。
Exquisite. Now 'exquisite' means that something is extremely beautiful and delicate.
精湛的。『精湛的』的意思是某件事物非常漂亮，非常精緻。
We bought an exquisite hand-painted bowl from Japan. Or: Her necklace is exquisite.
我們買了一個日本產的非常精緻的手工繪製的碗。或者是：她的項鍊非常精緻。
Do you own anything that you could describe as exquisite? Let me know in the comments. I don't think I have anything that's exquisite myself except perhaps my engagement ring.
你有什麼東西可以用精緻來形容嗎？在評論區告訴我吧。我覺得我沒什麼精緻的東西，除了我的訂婚戒指之外。
I think that's exquisite. Insatiable.
我覺得那非常的精緻。貪得無厭的。
Say it with me. Insatiable. I love this adjective.
和我一起念。貪得無厭的。我喜歡這個形容詞。
The second syllable is the stressed one. Insatiable.
重讀的是第二個音節。貪得無厭的。
Hear how low in pitch those last two syllables are? This is a fabulous adjective that we can use when something is impossible to satisfy.
仔細聽一下最後兩個音節音有多低？這是一個極好的用來描述某件事物難以滿足的形容詞。
If you keep wanting something more and more and more, then we use 'insatiable'. It usually relates to hunger or thirst.
如果你一直想要更多的話，那我們就會使用『貪得無厭的』。它通常是和飢餓或者是渴有關係的。
We could say: his appetite was insatiable. He didn't stop eating!
我們可以說：他的胃口超級大。他吃的停不下來！
But we can also use it when we're consuming other things as well. For example:
但是當我們消耗其他的東西的時候，也可以使用它。比如說：
The public seems to have an insatiable appetite for celebrity gossip. Or: her work ethic is insatiable. She just doesn't stop!
公眾看起來對明星八卦有著難以滿足的好奇。或者是：她的工作理念是一直幹一直幹。根本停不下來！
Mischievous. It's a tricky one. It's not/misCHivis/.
淘氣的。這個有點難念。不是/misCHivis/。
There's only one I there so it's pronounced/misCHivs/. And this is actually a really common pronunciation and spelling mistake that native speakers make.
只有一個I，所以讀音是/misCHivs/。這個發音非常常見，但是母語者都會拼錯。
'Mischievous' is an adjective that describes someone, usually a child who has fun by being cheeky or silly or kind of funny. Not in a negative way at all.
『淘氣的』是一個形容詞，用來描述某個人，通常是孩子非常享受放肆、扮傻或者是搞怪。但是並不是那種消極的方式。
Jack is a mischievous child. He has fun by creating trouble or disruption but that's not too serious.
傑克是個淘氣的孩子。他喜歡製造麻煩或者是搗亂，但是並不是很嚴重。
We also use the word 'mischief' as well, which is often pronounced incorrectly as well as/ms'tf/. But it's/mstf/or/mstvs/.
我們也會使用『頑皮』這個單詞，錯把它念成/ms'tf/。但其實應該是/mstf/或者是/mstvs/。
Do you know anyone who's a little mischievous? Or can you think of someone who sometimes gets up to mischief?
你認識有點點淘氣的人嗎？或者是你能想到有時候會很淘氣的人嗎？
Maybe a niece or a nephew or one of your kids. So I hope that you learned a few new adjectives in this lesson and that you've actually practised putting them to use this week.
可能是你的侄女啊，侄子啊，或者是自己的孩子。所以我希望你們在本節課程中可以學到一些新的形容詞，可以在本周真正地使用它們。
Make sure you practise using them. Write sentences, say them out loud.
一定要練習使用它們。造句子，大聲說出來。
Before we finish, let's go over the pronunciation of these words. Explicit.
在我們結束之前，讓我們來複習一下這些單詞的發音吧。明確的。
Exponential. Specific.
越來越快的。特定的。
Colloquial. Delicate.
口語的。精緻的。
Coherent. Eloquent.
一致的。雄辯的。
Insatiable. Exquisite.
貪得無厭的。精緻的。
Mischievous. Which one of those adjectives is the most difficult for you to pronounce?
淘氣的。你覺得哪個單詞最難發音？
Make sure you get in a little bit of extra practice this week. Write it on a sticky note.
這周一定要多加練習哦。把它給寫在便利貼上。
Put it on your mirror. Every morning when you wake up, practise it ten times.
貼在鏡子上。你醒來的每天早晨，都要練習十次。
Practise a sentence as well. So you can catch me on all of my social media's down here.
也要練習句子。大家可以在下面的社交媒體上面找到我。
And if you haven't subscribed yet to the mmmEnglish Channel, make sure you do because every week I upload new English lessons for you. You don't want to miss out on those.
如果你們還沒有訂閱美味英語頻道的話，那就一定要訂閱啊，因為我每周都會為大家上傳新的英語課程。你肯定不想錯過那些的。
And once you've done that then head over here to come and practise your pronunciation and your speaking skills with me in one of my mmmEnglish Imitation Lessons. I'll see you in there!
看完之後，再來看看這些吧，和我一起在美味英語模仿課程中練習你們的發音和口語技巧吧。再見啦！