Comparison of Adjectives | English Grammar 英語語法中形容詞的比較
Comparative and Superlative Adjectives: Rules and Examples 比較和最高級形容詞：規則和例子
In many languages, some adjectivesare comparable – comparison of adjectives. For example, a person may be 「intelligent」, but another person may be 「more intelligent」, and a third person may be the 「most intelligent」 of the three. The word 「more」 here modifies the adjective 「intelligent」 to indicate a comparison is being made, and 「most」 modifies the adjective to indicate an absolute comparison (a superlative). 在許多語言中，有些形容詞具有可比性。例如，一個人可能「聰明」，但另一個人可能「更聰明」，第三個人可能是三者中「最聰明的」。這裡的單詞more修飾形容詞「intelligent」表示正在進行比較，而「most」修飾形容詞表示絕對比較(最高級)。
Three Forms of Comparison of Adjectives in English 英語形容詞比較的三種形式
Positive: it is an ordinary form of adjectives 積極的:它是形容詞的一種普通形式
Comparative: shows when two persons or objects being compared 比較級:顯示兩個人或物體被比較時的情況
Superlative: indicates that the quality or quantity is at its highest or is most intense 最高級的:指質量或數量處於最高或最強烈的狀態
Comparative are used to describe people and things. 比較級用來描述人和事物。– My car is fast but John’s car is faster. 我的車很快，但約翰的車更快。
– Emily is tall but Sophia is taller. 艾米麗很高，但索菲婭更高。
– I need a bigger car 我需要一輛更大的車
「Than」 is used to compare one thing with another. 「Than」用來比較一件事和另一件事。– Henry is older than Tom. 亨利比湯姆年長。
– Emily is smarter than Sophia. 艾米麗比索菲亞聰明。
– The second test was easier than the first one. 第二次考試比第一次考試容易。
「The」 is used with a superlative: 「The」與最高級連用:– Where Are the Tallest Buildings in the World? 世界上最高的建築在哪裡?
– Harry is the tallest student in this class. 哈利是這個班最高的學生。
「As…as」 is used to compare the attributes of two things that are equal 「As…As」用來比較兩個相等的東西的屬性– Emily is as tall as Sophia. 艾米麗和索菲婭一樣高。
– The first test is as easy as the second one. 第一個測試和第二個一樣簡單。
General Rules in Forming Comparison of Adjectives 形容詞比較的一般規則
There are basic rules in forming the degrees of comparison: 形成比較度的基本規則有:
For one-syllable adjective, add –er to form comparative and –est for superlative. 對於單音節形容詞，加-er構成最高級的比較級和最高級的-est。Examples: 例子:
clear / clearer / clearest, 清楚dark / darker / darkest 黑暗For most two-syllable adjectives, add –er for comparative and – est for superlative. 對於大多數雙音節形容詞，比較級加- er，最高級加- est。Examples: 例子:
simple / simpler / simplest, 簡單gentle / gentler / gentlest 溫柔For three or more syllables, always use more and most to form the comparative and superlative. 對於三個或更多的音節，總是使用更多和最多形成比較級和最高級。Examples: 例子:
creative / more creative / most creative 有創造力的/更有創造力的/最有創造力的Some adjectives end with a consonant letter y, change y to I and add –er or -est. 有些形容詞以輔音字母y結尾，把y換成I，加上-er或-est。Examples: 例子:
busy / busier / busiest, 忙merry / merrier / merriestSome adjectives end with a single vowel and single final consonant letter. Double the final consonant and add –er/-est. 有些形容詞以一個元音和一個尾輔音字母結尾。把最後一個輔音加倍，加上-er /-est。Examples: 例子:
thin / thinner / thinnest, 薄fat / fatter / fattest 胖When the adjectives end in 「e」, add –r for the comparative and –st for superlative 當形容詞以「e」結尾時，比較級加-r，最高級加-stExamples: 例子:
wise / wiser / wisest, 聰明simple / simpler / simplest 簡單Irregular comparisons of adjectives are compared irregularly 形容詞的不規則比較是不規則比較的Examples: 例子:
good / better / best 好的ill / worse / worst 生病Rules for Forming Comparatives 構成比較級的規則
Rules for Forming Superlatives 構成最高級的規則
Forming Comparatives, Superlatives and Equatives 形成比較級、最高級和等比級
Notes for Irregular Comparison of Adjectives 形容詞不規則比較注意事項
(Exceptions) (異常)
Irregular Comparisons: 不規則的比較:
Far / Farther than / the Farthest 遠Far / Further than / the Furthest 遠Farther and Farthest generally refer to distance 遠和最遠一般指距離
Further and Furthest also refer to distance but they may have the meaning of 「additional」 「遠」和「遠」也指距離，但它們可能有「附加」的意思
「His voice carried farther than mine.」 「他的聲音比我的聲音傳得更遠。」
「Further analysis of the data is needed.」 「需要對數據進行進一步分析。」
Old / Older than / the Oldest 老Old / Elder than / the Eldest 老Older and Oldest refer to persons or things; 老年人和老年人指的是人或事;
Elder and Eldest can only be used for members of the same family 大的和大的只能用於同一家庭的成員
「My elder sister is a doctor.」 「我姐姐是個醫生。」
「The older generation doesn’t like pop music.」 「老一輩人不喜歡流行音樂。」
but Elder cannot be placed before Than so Older is used: 但長者不能先於如此年長的人使用:
「Henry is my elder brother; he is two years older than I.」 「亨利是我的哥哥;他比我大兩歲。