1. 如何非常詳細地描述 XAS 實驗結果？
實例：To further verify the structural differences between PdIn and Pd3In IMNCs, we used X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) techniques to evaluate the electronic structure and the chemical bonding of Pd–In IMNCs in their local environment. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) of Pd K-edge for Pd–In IMNCs with reference samples Pd foil and Pd nanoparticles (NPs) is shown in Figure 5a. The monometallic Pd NPs show spectral features that are similar to that of bulk Pd foil. For Pd3In and PdIn IMNCs, the energy of adsorption edge (E0) and the height of the white line (Hw) are lower than those of Pd foil and Pd NPs,which suggests the electron-richness of Pd atoms in Pd3In and PZdIn IMNCs compared to those in Pd foil and Pd NPs. This result is likely due to the electron transfer from In atoms to Pd atoms, which is consistent with the electronegativities of In (1.78) and Pd (2.20), as well as the DFT results (Table S6). Figure 5b shows the normalized In K-edge XANES spectra of Pd–In IMNCs as well as the reference sample (In powder). In comparison with In powder, PdIn IMNCs exhibit both higher E0 and Hw. This result reveals the electron deficiency at the In atoms in Pd–In IMNCs, which can be confirmed from the result of Pd K-edge XANES spectra. In Figure 5c, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) oscillations of Pd–In IMNCs are quite different from those of Pd foil and Pd NPs, with shorter periods and smaller amplitudes. From literature, the shorter periods are due to the longer Pd–In(Pd) distances of Pd–In IMNCs than that of monometal Pd. Smaller amplitudes indicate the low coordinate environment of Pd atoms in Pd–In IMNCs. For Pd NPs,EXAFS oscillations in K space at each absorption edge are similar and closely resemble that of Pd foil, but with smaller amplitude, which can be attributed to the finite size effect of NPs. In Figure 5d, the slight shift of the first nearest-coordination peaks in R space of PdIn and Pd3In also indicates the mild change of atomic distance. The curve fitting results of all four samples are listed in Table 2, which demonstrates that the specific Pd–In(Pd) bond length increases from 2.74 ± 0.02 Å (Pd foil and Pd NPs) to 2.77 ± 0.03 Å (PdIn) and 2.78 ± 0.03 Å (Pd3In), and the Pd–Pd bonds are absent in PdIn IMNCs. （參考文獻：Li, Y. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2017, 139, 7294–7301）
▲ J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2017, 139, 7294–7301
2. 提煉語言模板：
A. 為什麼要做這個表徵：To further verify the structural differences between___and ___, we used X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) techniques to evaluate the electronic structure and the chemical bonding of___in their local environment.
變式1：To verify further that sample A contained only atomically dispersed individual __ atoms throughout the whole catalyst, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra were measured on freshly reduced catalysts.(參考文獻：Zhang, T. et al. Nature Chemistry 2011, 3, 634–641)
變式2：To evaluate the change of oxidation states of metal elements during OER, we performed XAS on the ____and ____samples before and after OER.（參考文獻：Science 2016，352,333-337）
變式3：The single-atom and 2D raft structures of Pt were further characterized with extended XAFS (EXAFS) spectroscopy.（參考文獻: Zhang, T. et al. Nature Commun. 2014, 5, 5634）
變式4：Element-selective XAFS spectroscopy, including EXAFS and XANES, is powerful for determining the coordination environment and chemical state of the absorbing centre with high sensitivity.(參考文獻: Nature Catalysis 2018, 1, 63–72)
B. 對比樣品是什麼：X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) of 元素 K-edge for Pd–In IMNCs with reference samples Pd foil and Pd nanoparticles (NPs) is shown in Figure 5a.
Figure 5b shows the normalized In K-edge XANES spectra of Pd–In IMNCs as well as the reference sample (In powder).
變式：Figure 3a shows the XANES spectra for ____ samples after oxidation, reduction and re-oxidation, together with the XANES spectra of PdO and a Pd foil as reference materials. (參考文獻: Nature 2002, 418, 164–167 )
C. 得到了哪些信息，說明了哪些問題:
1) The monometallic ____ NPs show spectral features that are similar to that of ___.
變式：The edge position of the reduced sample is identical to that of the __ foil, suggesting that __ is in a metallic state.(參考文獻: Nature 2002, 418, 164–167)
2) For ____, the energy of adsorption edge (E0) and the height of the white line (Hw) are lower than those of ____, which suggests the electron-richness of ___ atoms in ____compared to those in ____.
變式1：In comparison with ___, ____ exhibit both higher E0 and Hw. This result reveals the electron deficiency at the __atoms in____, which can be confirmed from the result of __ K-edge XANES spectra.
變式2：The white-line intensity, reflecting the oxidation state of the __ species, increased steadily with a decrease of the __ loading, suggesting that the __ became more positively charged with lower __ loading. （參考文獻: Zhang, T. et al. Nature Commun. 2014, 5, 5634）
變式3：Compared to the ___ spectrum, the two oxidized samples show a chemical shift of about __ eV, indicating that the valence of the __ in these materials is higher than the normal bivalence seen in ___. (參考文獻: Nature 2002, 418, 164–167)
3) This result is likely due to the electron transfer from __ atoms to __ atoms, which is consistent with the electronegativities of __ and __, as well as the DFT results.
變式：In other words, lower __ loading results in higher percentage of single-atom and pseudo-single-atom structures in the catalyst, and more electron transfers from __ to the ____support. （參考文獻: Zhang, T. et al. Nature Commun. 2014, 5, 5634）
4) In Figure __, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) oscillations of ____ are quite different from those of ____, with shorter periods and smaller amplitudes. From literature, the shorter periods are due to the longer____ distances of ___ than that of monometal ___. Smaller amplitudes indicate the low coordinate environment of ___ atoms in ____.
變式：For __ NPs, EXAFS oscillations in K space at each absorption edge are similar and closely resemble that of ___, but with smaller amplitude, which can be attributed to the finite size effect of NPs. In ___, the slight shift of the first nearest-coordination peaks in R space of ____ also indicates the mild change of atomic distance.
5）The curve fitting results of all four samples are listed in Table 2, which demonstrates that the specific Pd–In(Pd) bond length increases from 2.74 ± 0.02 Å (Pd foil and Pd NPs) to 2.77 ± 0.03 Å (PdIn) and 2.78 ± 0.03 Å (Pd3In), and the Pd–Pd bonds are absent in PdIn IMNCs.
變式1：The much longer distance of ___ coordination than that in____ alloy (__ Å) suggests that __ does not directly coordinate with __; instead, according to our previous model it coordinates with __ via bridging oxygen. The relatively higher coordination number of __ also supports this conclusion.（參考文獻: Zhang, T. et al. Nature Commun. 2014, 5, 5634）
變式2：____ exhibits a major peak at ___ Å, which is much shorter than the___ peak at ___ Å for the ___in ___ reference and thus can be attributed to the backscattering between ___ and light atoms. In addition, the FT of ____ also reveals a minor signal at ___ Å, which overlaps partially with the ___ peak at ___ Å for ____. (參考文獻: Nature Catalysis 2018, 1, 63–72)
文以載道。作為一名為科研工作者，科技論文是科研成果交流和展示的重要途徑。
每個博士生，都曾面對發表或者滅亡的心靈拷問。
但是辛辛苦苦拿到了久違的實驗數據，卻不知道該如何下筆去寫出好的論文。搞不好，還會遇到一些可怕的審稿人。
一篇論文，從選題、查閱文獻、設計方案、開展實驗、處理數據，到最後的寫作，中間歷盡千難萬苦，寫作是關鍵的最後一仗，必須要打得漂亮。
雖然我國的研究生和博士生規模世界第一，但是大多數從事科研的小夥伴從來都沒有接受過系統的英文SCI學術論文寫作訓練。以至於很多小夥伴調侃自己寫作毫無章法可言，基本都是靠摸索來完成英文SCI論文的寫作。然而除了少數天才可以通過摸索的方式寫出比較好的論文，大多數小夥伴不可避免地走許多彎路，以至於效率低下，嚴重打擊了自己科研地積極性。那麼與其花費大量的精力和時間，在遇到寫作問題時依然不知所措、求助無門，不如來聽一聽洪堡學者如何深入淺出地為你講解SCI論文寫作。
為此，學研匯旗下學研課堂聯合X-edit丨SCI論文寫作潤色服務機構推出系列SCI論文寫作在線課程。
課程內容
課程特色
1）權威的知識點：本課程內容整合了國際上知名英文寫作教授的精華，例如德國馬普所Ian T Baldwin 教授科技論文寫作公式，Chris A. Mack 教授的英語論文撰寫原則等；倫敦帝國理工學院Hilary Glasman-Deal的寫作技巧。
2）乾貨滿滿：從寫作要點到實例分析（涵蓋材料化學，有機合成，聚合物，材料的生物醫學應用等，從寫作技巧到優秀句型，讓你學完就能用，開啟SCI寫作捷徑。
3）教學內容（寫作框架和行文原則）無專業限制。
4）了解頂級期刊SCI論文套路，培養科研思維，開啟SCI寫作之路。
5）贈送5000+SCI論文常用句型。
課程定位：這門課適合誰，解決什麼問題？
1）需要發表英文SCI論文的研究生、博士生或科研工作者；
2）有一定科研英文文獻閱讀基礎，想提升SCI論文寫作技巧的科研人員。
*英語基礎過於薄弱的學員請謹慎報名
無論你是剛進入科研領域的小白，還是正在科研中埋頭苦幹的碩博研究生們，或是在科研論文寫作中遇到瓶頸的青椒，通過這次培訓，你將具備以下能力：
1）能夠運用主流期刊標準成熟的寫作框架，撰寫SCI論文的引言、研究方法、結果與討論，結論，大大提高論文寫作效率；
2）能夠科學地組織圖表的應用和排序，撰寫符合科學邏輯的論文；
3）能夠正確使用英語時態和表達，撰寫清晰易懂的論文。
推薦理由
想順利發表SCI論文，不應該錯過本次培訓！
理由一：洪堡學者多年經驗傾囊相授
理由二：系統的課程安排，系統訓練寫作能力
理由三：實例解析，培養國際科研思維、隨學隨用。
理由四：直播課程安排有答疑時間，讓你在學習中可以跟老師直接交流。
理由五：五天課程，老師可以根據學員問題，在第二天課程中及時補充和針對性地講解。
課程名稱：《第三期SCI論文寫作研討班》
課程時長：5節課，每節課2小時 + 10~30 min答疑
上課方式：在線直播（手機或電腦均可觀看）
上課時間：2020年12月21-25日
每天晚上 19:30-21:30（北京時間）
課程費用：2899元/人（免費回看視頻，開具發票和報銷材料）
更多優惠，請諮詢課程助教蔡老師。
報名、諮詢、合作
免費加入SCI論文寫作微信交流群
請聯繫助教微信
蔡老師手機/微信：13290755089
2020年9月和10月，我們特別邀請具有豐富寫作經驗的侯老師（德國洪堡學者）為大家帶來了專業的SCI論文寫作課（第一期和第二期），受到大家一致好評。為保證培訓效果和充分的交流，我們採用小班教學模式，每次在線課程限制50人。
應更多讀者要求，我們再次邀請侯老師在12月21-25日進行第三期SCI論文寫作精選培訓課程，使更多人能夠更加系統、更加全面、更加深入地了解SCI論文寫作的方式和方法。
作為科研人，侯老師曾經也像各位小夥伴一樣，寫作時遇到的各種困難，不過他在10多年的科研過程中，通過不斷學習、歸納和總結，並結合自己和學生曾遇到的問題，整合SCI論文寫作的方法和技巧，研發出了一套系統的、行之有效的、隨學隨用的英文論文寫作體系，匯總成培訓課程呈現給大家。希望通過這次課程幫助大家能熟練SCI論文寫作，提高文章發表效率。
報名、諮詢、合作
免費加入SCI論文寫作微信交流群
請聯繫助教微信
蔡老師手機/微信：13290755089