1、考試預測及備考指南
（一）考試預測
1．此次考試會不會考書上的內容？佔的比例大概有多大？
根據最近兩年英語（二）的出題情況，似乎已經形成了一個規律：下半年考書上的內容較多，第一、四、五、六大題幾乎全部出自下冊教材，分值佔到45分；而上半年則只有第四和第六大題的一部分從書上出，約佔20分。
2006年上半年會不會仍然沿襲這一趨勢呢？我認為不會。教材所佔比例應該和05年下半年相似，所以複習仍應以教材為主，熟讀課文，多做從教材上出的模擬題，力爭準確快速地完成與教材有關的幾個大題，並為其他大題節約時間。2．A課文和B課文各佔多大比例？英語（二）中英語（一）佔多大的比例？
無論是英語（一）還是英語（二），都主要以考A課文為主，B課文的句子一般只出現在第一、第四和第五大題中，最多佔十分。在某些年份的英語（二）考題中，課文比重本來就佔得很少的，幾乎沒有B課文的內容。英語（二）一般不直接考英語（一）課文中的句子，只是涉及基礎語法和一些常見的單詞。
3．漢譯英一般從教材什麼地方選句子?
英語（二）的第六大題即漢譯英主要以書上的句子為主。其出處包括A課文、A課文後的Word Study、Explanatory Notes中的例句、與課文有關的漢譯英練習及語法練習。如果考生沒有時間一一複習，可以以前兩項為主。複習時不能光翻一翻，一帶而過，一定要動筆做，務必使自己的譯文和書上的譯文儘可能接近。
4．語法主要考哪些項目？
英語（二）最常考的語法項目包括：動詞時態和語態、非謂語動詞、虛擬語氣、定語從句、名詞性從句、狀語從句、比較級、語序、主謂一致、強調句、基本句型。
* 最常考的時態：現在完成時、過去完成時、過去時、一般現在時和將來完成時。
* 最常考的非謂語動詞：獨立結構、動名詞作某些動詞的賓語、非謂語動詞作定語和狀語。
* 最常考的虛擬語氣：與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣的從句和主句。
* 最常考的定語從句：where 引導的定語從句、名詞/代詞+ of + which引導的定語從句。
* 名詞性從句：what, whether 引導的主語或賓語從句、that 引導的同位語從句。
* 狀語從句：now that, in that, in case, as, while 引導的狀語從句。
5．哪些詞最有可能考單詞拼寫？
嚴格來說，只要是考綱中包括的詞都有可能出現在單詞拼寫大題中，但是從歷年考題可以看出，某些詞的命中率要高於其它詞，有些詞甚至反覆考過，這說明考生在背單詞的時候還是可以在全面覆蓋的基礎之上突出重點、提高效率的。在這裡我們不可能一一羅列重要的詞彙，下面是我總結的英語（二）常考單詞的特點：
* 絕大部分是長度在5-8個字母之間的中等難度的詞，如：victim, gesture等；
* 拼寫和讀音不完全對稱的詞，如：dumb, subtle等。
* 個別非常簡單、但課文中不是很常見的名詞，如：tube。
* 從詞性上來看，最常考的依次是名詞、形容詞、動詞、和副詞。
在複習這些單詞時，一定要以考試大綱為準，而不能只背教材後面的生詞表。一方面，教材後面的生詞表中包含了不少超剛詞，完全不會考到；另一方面，對英語（二）來說，從下冊教材生詞表中出的單詞只佔三分之一，不可能涵蓋所有要考的內容。同樣在複習時一定要講究準確性，確保背一個記準一個，而不能只是記個大概，最後寫出來每個都差不多但每個都有錯。
（二）複習建議
針對上述預測，我們如何制定衝刺階段的複習計劃呢？下面是我推薦的三步複習法。
1．第一步，應該抽出半個月到二十天的時間，把書上可能考到的內容好好地總結一下。課文中涉及的重要的語法現象，如帶虛擬語氣、獨立主格的句子，接動名詞作賓語的動詞，倒裝句，強調句，what, that, whether引導的從句等，最好都分類摘抄下來。
2．做完整理工作後，應該進入下一步，即通過一定量的模擬訓練來熟悉考試題型、提高實戰能力。模擬訓練應注意以下幾點：
（1） 做題時，一定要獨立完成。不管做題的過程多麼困難，都要硬著頭皮去做，只有這樣才能在考場上發揮自如。
（2）保持一定的頻率也很重要。至少一周應該完成兩套題，否則達不到強化的效果。
（3）及時總結。如果做完幾套題後反覆出現同樣的錯誤，一定要請老師對相關內容作詳細的講解，並針對性地多做鞏固練習，直到問題得到真正的解決。
（4）做完十套左右的模擬題後，應該再做幾套最近幾年的真題。這時你可以對自己的實際水平有一個比較準確的估計。哪些方面是你的長處，哪些方面還存在薄弱環節，並利用最後一兩周的時間來進行彌補。
（5）除了做題，這三個月期間應該天天堅持的是背單詞。每天抽出半個小時至一個小時，把大綱詞彙包括後面的詞組至少從頭至尾完整地過一遍，有可能考拼寫的重點單詞要動筆抄寫，常用活用的詞要記搭配，容易混淆的詞放在一起進行比較。
3．最後一周的總複習。考試前的最後一周應該再來一次全面的總複習。複習內容包括第一步中抄下來的課文中的重點句子、第二步作題時紀錄下來的常出錯的語法項，重點的單詞，和總結出來的答題技巧。如果還有時間，也可以把最後做過的真題再做一遍。相信經過精心的計劃和充分的準備，此刻的你一定成竹在胸，勝券在握了。
2、重點語法知識講解
1．動詞的時態和語態
動詞的時態和語態一覽表
時態語態 一般現在時 一般過去時 一般將來時
主動被動 do are done did were done will do will be done
現在進行時 過去進行時 將來進行時
主動被動 are doing are being done were doing were being done will be doing
現在完成時 過去完成時 將來完成時
主動 被動 have done have been done had done had been done will have done will have been done
現在完成進行時
主動 被動 have been doing
1．1 現在完成時
發生在過去的動作一直持續到現在，或對現在仍有影響。
現在完成時的標誌： so far， by now/ up to now，for three years， since 1995， in the past two decades
1.2 過去完成時
過去的過去。
1）said, reported, thought 等引導的間接引語中。
He missed the train.
He said he had missed the train.
2）hardly…when, no sooner… than句型中表示先發生的動作
No sooner had he got up than he received the call.
3）與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣中
If I had tried harder, I would have won.
I wish I had done better in the exam.
1.3 完成進行時
從過去一直持續到現在，沒有間斷。漢語提示語：一直
The water has been running the whole night.
1.4 過去時
過去某一具體時間發生的事，不考慮與現在的關係。
過去時的標誌：yesterday， in 1995， last week，in the nineteenth century，five years ago 等等。
2．非謂語動詞
2.1 非謂語動詞一覽表
非謂語動詞 形式 意義
現在分詞
一 般 式 doing 主動 , 正在進行
被 動 式 being done 被動 , 正在進行
完成主動式 having done 主動 , 已經完成
完成被動式 having been done 被動 , 已經完成
過去分詞 done 被動 , 已經完成
動詞不定式
一 般 式 to do 主動 , 將要進行
被 動 式 to be done 被動 , 將要進行
完成主動式 to have done 主動 , 已經完成
進行主動式 to be doing 主動 , 正在進行
2.2. 非謂語動詞作狀語
動詞不定式：1）目的狀語；2）結果狀語
I came here to meet you. （目的）
He hurried to the rail station only to miss the train. （結果）
分詞：1) 伴隨狀語；2）原因狀語；3）條件狀語 4）讓步狀語；5）時間狀語
Walking along the street, he met his old friend. （時間）
Being very tired, my father didn’t go out with us. （原因）
Made by hand, the silk shirt is very expensive. （原因）
Seen from the space, the earth looks like a blue ball. (條件)
2.3 非謂語動詞，狀語從句和獨立結構
1) Having done their homework, the children began to play. (分詞作狀語)
2) After having done their homework, the children began to play. （連詞+分詞）
3) After they had done their homework, the children began to play. （狀語從句）
4) With homework done, the children began to play. （獨立結構）
2.4 非謂語動詞作定語
1) If there is no choice, there is no decision ___ (make). (to be made)
2) Do you know the man ____ ( stand) in front of the house? (standing)
3) The question ____ (discuss) at the moment is very important. (being discussed)
4) The bridge ____ (build) in the 1950s is still in good condition. (built)
2.5 動名詞和動詞不定式
作主語和表語
動名詞作主語/表語表示一般、抽象的情況；動詞不定時作主語表示具體某次的情況。
Rising early is good for health.
To rise early tomorrow is difficult for me.
It is difficult for me to rise early tomorrow.
My biggest wish is to go abroad.
Seeing is believing.
作賓語
接動名詞作賓語的動詞：
admit, acknowledge, avoid, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, forgive, finish, include, involve, mind, put off, postpone, suggest, feel like, look forward to, be used to, be accustomed to, etc.
接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞：
want, tend, intend, pretend, hope, plan, expect, be supposed to, seem, be likely to, used to, be willing to, desire, force, prefer, start, begin
接動名詞和動詞不定式有不同含義的動詞：
1) forget, remember, regret
2) stop, continue
3) need/ want
4) allow doing/ allow sb to do
(1) How can I forget meeting you for the first time?
Sorry, I forgot to lock the door.
(2) I can’t stop laughing. Can you stop to give me a hand?
(3) The grass needs cutting. The grass needs to be cut.
(4) We don’t allow smoking here. You are not allowed to smoke here.
3．虛擬語氣
第一大類：非真實條件下的虛擬語氣
時間 從句 主句
與現在事實相反 did/ were should/could/would + do
與過去事實相反 had done should/could/would + have done
與將來事實相反 were to do should do should/could/would + do
If I were you, I would be happy to do it.
If we had got the news, we could have prepared earlier.
If the job were to succeed, you should work harder.
第二大類：從句中用過去時或過去完成時的虛擬語氣
1) would rather + 從句
2) wish + 從句
3) if only + 從句
4) as if/ as though + 從句
5) It’s time + 從句
I would rather you didn’t tell me the story now.
I would rather you had told me the story yesterday.
第三大類：從句中用should加動詞原形的虛擬語氣，其中should可省略。
1) suggest, propose, advise, move(動議), ask, order, require, request, desire, insist, prefer 等動詞後接的賓語從句；
2) suggestion, proposal, advice, motion, order, requirement, request, desire, preference等名詞後的同位語從句；
3) important, necessary, essential, imperative, desirable, advisable, preferable 等形容詞用在it is … that…句型中；
4) lest, in case, for fear that 等引導的從句中。
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
It is my suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.
It is necessary that the meeting (should) be put off.
He came to the office earlier lest he (should) miss the important meeting.
4．定語從句和名詞性從句
4.1 定語從句：限制性和非限制性定語從句
引導定語從句
1）關係代詞(在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語）：which, that, who, whom, whose
2）關係副詞（在定語從句中作狀語）：when, where, why, how
名詞性從句：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句
引導名詞性從句：
1）主從連詞（不在從句中作任何成分）：that, whether, if
2）連接代詞（在從句中作主語、賓語、表語）：what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whoever…
3）連接副詞（在從句中作狀語）：when, where, why, how
4.2 定語從句和同位語從句的區別
定語從句對名詞進行修飾限制，而同位語從句闡述的是名詞的具體內容。從語法上看，that, which在定語從句中做主語或賓語，而同位語的引導詞that不在從句中擔任任何成分。
1) The story (that) he told me may not be true. 定語從句
2) The story that he has made a fortune may not be true. 同位語從句
4.3 什麼時候用介詞＋which 的形式?
如果定語從句缺主語或賓語，用that/ which 形式。如果定語從句缺狀語，用介詞+which形式。
1) The place which I visited last week is very beautiful.
2) The place in which I used to live is very beautiful.
4.4 which 和 as 引導非限制性定語從句
which 和 as 都能引導非限制性定語從句，修飾整個一句話。as有「正如」的意思，而which沒有。
1) He is easy to get angry, which is well known. 他很容易生氣，這一點大家都知道。
2) He is easy to get angry, as everybody knows. 正如大家都知道的那樣，他很容易生氣。
2.1 強化練習
1．動詞時態強化練習
1. I was hired (hire) by a Saudi diplomat directly from the Philippines to work in London in 1989.
解析：過去時的被動語態， 標誌語：1989。
2. However, many people doubt whether this will reduce (reduce) the incidence of abuse.
解析：一般將來時，表示"會減少"的意思。
3. Up to that time, the blues had been (be) an essentially black medium.
解析：過去完成時，標誌語：up to that time，表示"過去的過去"。
4. Of these 20,000, just under 2000 are being physically, sexually and psychologically abused (abuse).
解析：現在進行時的被動。
5. If you do not (not, control) it, it will control you.
解析：一般現在時。主講從現：主句用將來時，但是時間狀語、條件狀語和讓步狀語從句中
用現在時。
6. You will enjoy your fun time more after you have completed (complete) your study responsibilities.
解析：現在完成時，表示"已經完成"。
7. Maintaining a healthy self-esteem is (be) a challenge that continues throughout life.
解析：一般現在時，動名詞做主語，謂語動詞用單數。
8. The second half of the nineteenth century witnessed (witness) the first extended translation into English of the writings of Eliphas Levi.
解析：一般過去時，標誌語：the second half of the nineteenth century。
9. All the worries they might have felt for him were driven (drive) off by the sight of his cheerful face.
解析：一般過去時的被動
10. Attempts to break up this old system have been made (make) in every presidential election in the past one hundred years.
解析：現在完成時的被動，標誌語：in the past one hundred years。
2．非謂語動詞強化練習
1. The mother didn’t know who to blame (blame) for the broken glass.
解析：who+動詞不定式做know的賓語
2. The children brought (bring) up in this way tend to be healthier.
解析：過去分詞作定語，表被動。
3. It reminded the president to keep the campaign focused (focus) on the economy.
解析：過去分詞做賓補。
4. Putting (put) food into an empty stomach helps synchronize the body clock.
解析：動名詞作主語。
5. It seems reasonable to assume that, other things being (be) equal, they would prefer single to shared rooms.
解析：現在分詞用在獨立結構中
6. This poem, if translated (translate) word for word into Chinese, will make no sense.
解析：連詞加過去分詞作狀語
7. They may have their passports removed (remove), making leaving or 「escaping」 actually impossible.
解析：過去分詞作賓補
8. Her body, with hands and feet bound (bind), was discovered by a traveler early in the morning.
解析：過去分詞用在獨立結構中
9. I couldn’t help but feel (feel) this is a very strange life.
解析：couldn't help but 後接動詞原形
10. Let us consider the earth as a planet revolving (revolve) round the sun.
解析：現在分詞作定語
3．虛擬語氣強化練習
1. If it hadn’t been for your help, we would have been (be) in real trouble.
解析：與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣的主句
2. He would have given you more help, if he had not been (not be) so busy.
解析：與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣的從句
3. It is high time that we took (take) firm measures to protect our environment.
解析：It is high time +過去式的虛擬形式
4. It was imperative that students finish (finish) their papers before July 1st.
解析：It was imperative that+動詞原形的虛擬形式
5. They demanded that the right to vote be given (give) to every adult person.
解析：demand所接賓語從句用動詞原形的虛擬形式
6. There was a mistake on my paycheck. I should have received (receive) $10 more.
解析：與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣的主句，表示"本應該收到"而實際上沒有。
7. I would rather he bought ( buy) the house next year.
解析：would rather後接賓語從句，從句用過去式表示虛擬語氣。
8. The manager told us to be friendly to the visitors as if we had met (meet)them before.
解析：as if 所引導的從句用過去完成式表示虛擬語氣。
9. Should she come tomorrow, I _________ take her to the museum. × 正確答案為C
[A] can
[B] will
[C] would
[D] must
解析：與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣的主句。
10. If we _________ everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow. 正確答案為A
[A] hadn’t got
[B] didn’t get
[C] wouldn’t have got
[D] wouldn’t get
解析：從句與現在事實相反，但本身已經是現在完成時（從by now可以看出），所以變為過
去完成時。
4．定語從句和名詞性從句強化練習
1. Studies have shown _________ teenagers often suffer from depression. 正確答案為A
解析：that 引導賓語從句
[A] that
[B] which
[C] in which
[D] in that
2. It is a well-known fact _________ a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes to control his direction. 正確答案為A
[A] that
[B] if
[C] when
[D] whether
解析：that 引導同位語從句
3. On the other hand concern is also growing about the possibility of a new economic order_________ resource-rich nations of the Third World would combine to set high commodity prices. 正確答案為C
[A] which
[B] what
[C] that
[D] in that
解析：that 引導同位語從句
4. It is not yet known _________ computers will one day have vision as good as human vision.
正確答案為A
[A] whether
[B] if
[C] that
[D] how
解析：it為形式主語，whether引導真正的主語從句
5. Such attitudes amount to a belief _________ leisure can and should be put to good use. 正確答案為D
[A] which
[B] if
[C] whether
[D] that
解析：that 引導同位語從句
6. The reason for making a decision is _________ a problem exists, goals are wrong, or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them. 正確答案為D
[A] why
[B] because
[C] where
[D] that
解析：that 引導表語從句
7. _________ developed was a music readily taking on various forms and capable of an almost limitless range of expression. 正確答案為A
[A] What
[B] Whether
[C] That
[D] Which
解析：what 引導主語從句，並在主語從句中做主語
8. Very few people understood this contract, _________ was very obscure. 正確答案為B
[A] the language
[B] the language of which
[C] all it said
[D] which it had said
解析：the language of which引導非限定性定語從句，並在定語從句中做主語
9. Often music was played out of doors, _________ nature provided the environment. 正確答案為D
[A] which
[B] that
[C] in which
[D] where
解析：where引導非限定性定語從句，並在定語從句中作地點狀語
10. Many of us visited the industrial exhibition, _________, to our disappointment, we saw very few high-tech products. 正確答案為A
[A] where
[B] which
[C] as
[D] that
解析：where引導非限定性定語從句，並在定語從句中作地點狀語
語法題答題要訣：
1）牢記上述表格；
2）分清楚題目屬於哪種具體情況；
3）熟練套用正確形式；
4）最後再檢查一下是否應作必要的改動：如是否被動，三人稱動詞後加s，動詞的不規則變化等。
複習指南：
在理解上述表格的適用條件後，再通過大量作題來鞏固，及時糾正出現的錯誤，我們一定能攻克語法難題，在語法部分得到一個理想的分數！
參考書：
1．《全國高等教育自學考試英語（二）模擬試卷與應試指導》（高遠主編），高等教育出版社。
2．歷年真題。
3、課文重點句型複習
三大原則：
1．吃透A課文，看懂B課文；
2．背熟可能考漢譯英的句子；
3．關注含有重點語法的句子。
參考書：
《大學英語自學教程（下冊）——自學與自測指導》（高遠主編），北京航空航天大學出版社
Unit 1
1． The purpose of making a decision is to establish and achieve organizational goals and objectives.
2． Managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance.
3． For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like.
4． But the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives.
5． Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best—that is, which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals.
6． Different individuals frequently have different ideas about how to attain the goals, the best choice may depend on who makes the decision.
7． People often assume that a decision is an isolated phenomenon.
8． The literary critics should be as objective as possible in analysis and judgment.
9． She is always ready to argue over the smallest issues.
10． I argued him out of going on such a dangerous journey.
11． Although he thought he was helping us with the job, he was only in the way.
Unit 2
12． The terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here.
13. Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape.
14. Some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point.
15. This process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results.
16. It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.
17. Very advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind.
18. He has exerted all his strength to attain his goal.
19. He has been exerting a lot of pressure on me to change my mind.
20. The collapse of the government left the country in confusion.
21. The research group launched out into a series of new experiments.
Unit 3
22. Each time it is shown, the program starts a nationwide debate on the subject.
23. In addition to this, a second doctor must confirm that these criteria have been met.
24. In the vast majority of euthanasia cases, what the patient is actually asking for is something else.
25. Euthanasia doesn’t take into account that there are ways of caring for the dying.
26. Anything that legally allows the shortening of life does make those people more vulnerable.
27. Instructions will be sent immediately on request.
28. Many people opposed building a new highway because of the great cost.
29. She bore the whole burden of raising two children alone.
30. Students are heavily burdened with home assignments.
31. The committee demands that no member (should) be absent.
Unit 4
32. Of these 20,000, just under 2000 are being exploited and abused by their employers.
33. In one of them, a Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder, despite protests from various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established.
34. I was supposed to be paid ￡120 but I never received that amount.
35. My employers always threatened to report me to the Home Office or the police.
36. Many people doubt whether this will successfully reduce the incidence of abuse.
37. So if they do complain, they risk being deported.
38. It is the right to change employers which distinguishes employment from slavery.
39. The student exploits every possibility to learn English.
40. Our country is launching a campaign against waste.
41. We should be always aware of the status of world affairs.
42. There are likely to be more difficulties than you were prepared for.
Unit 5
43. The new music was built out of materials already in existence.
44. They freely took over elements from jazz, from American country music, and as time went on from even more diverse sources.
45. What developed was a music readily taking on various forms and capable of an almost limitless range of expression.
46. In studio recordings, new techniques made possible effects that not even an electronic band could produce live.
47. Electronic amplifiers also made possible a fantastic increase in volume, the music becoming as loud and penetrating as the human ear could stand
48. Often music was played out of doors, where nature provided the environment.
49 The social and political transformation of a country is essential to the development of the society.
50． All theories originate from practice and in turn serve practice.
Unit 6
51. Robots, becoming increasingly prevalent in factories and industrial plants throughout the developed world, are programmed and engineered to perform industrial tasks without human intervention.
52. The robots used in nuclear power plants handle the radioactive materials, preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation.
53. Robots differ from automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task, they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one.
54. Other engineers are writing new programs allowing robots to make decisions such as whether to discard defective parts in finished products.
55. These future robots, assembled with a sense of touch and the ability to see and make decisions, will have plenty of work to do.
56. Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.
57. His words cast a new light on the problem.
58. We should be aware of the dangers of exposing children to violence on TV.
Unit 7
59. People in advanced industrial societies are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure and what they can do in their leisure time.
60. Generally speaking, the quality of life, especially as seen by the individual, is meaningful in terms of the degree to which these various areas of life are available or provide satisfaction to the individual.
61. The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual.
62. Experiences of a different nature, be it television watching or bird-watching, can lead to a self-renewal and a more 「balanced」 way of life.
63. Such attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure is an important area of life and a belief that leisure can and should be put to good use.
64. To impart positive leisure attitudes to the general public is essential for motivating them to use their leisure in creative and satisfying ways.
65. It can be argued that the people with whom we come into contact in these various contexts are all likely to have exerted some influence in shaping our attitudes, interests and even skills relevant to how we handle leisure.
66. The more seriously this is sought, the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure as well as academic work will be encouraged.
67. You have to attach a label to a box while posting it.
68. We should make our lives relevant to the needs of the country.
69. He always has some positive ideas on company policy.
Unit 8
70. The problem of Jet Lag is one every international traveler comes across at some time.
71. The effects of rapid travel on the body are actually far more disturbing than we realize.
72. He later blamed his poor judgment on Jet Lag.
73. Now that we understand what Jet Lag is, we can go some way to overcoming it.
74. In time, the physiological system will reset itself, but it does take time.
75. It is not feasible to wait four days until the body is used to the new time zone.
76. That is by no means the best way of proceeding.
77. He didn’t take alarm at the news.
78. The pianist promoted a grand benefit concert.
79. He didn’t want to be tied to a steady job.
Unit 9
80. The nearer a society approximates to zero population growth, the older its population is likely to be—at least, for any future that concerns us now.
81. To these now familiar facts a number of further facts may be added, some of them only recently recognized.
82. There is the appreciation of the salient historical truth that the aging of advanced societies has been a sudden change.
83. Taken together, these things have implications which are only beginning to be acknowledged.
84. There is often resistance to the idea that it is because the birthrate fell earlier in Western and Northwestern Europe than elsewhere,… that we have grown so old.
85. Long life is altering our society, of course, but in experiential terms.
86. Your account of what happened approximates to the real facts.
87. His earnings are out of all proportion to his skill and ability.
Unit 10
88. A minor-party or independent candidate,… can draw votes away from the major-party nominees but stands almost no chance of defeating them.
89. In deciding whether to pursue a course of action, they try to estimate its likely impact on the voters.
90. The slogan was meant as a reminder to the candidate and the staff to keep the campaign focused on the nation’s slow-moving economy.
91. Whether voters accept this image, however, depends more on external factors than on a candidate’s personal characteristics.
92. As in 1980, when Jimmy Carter lost to Ronald Reagan during tough economic times, the voters were motivated largely by a desire for change.
93. Bush tried to stir images of his strong leadership of the war, but voters remained concerned about the economy.
94. The invention is going to cause a big stir in the world.
95. You should save up money to make provision for the future.
Unit 11
96. Animal research is irrelevant to our health and it can often produce misleading results.
97. It would be completely irresponsible and unethical to use drugs on people that had not been thoroughly tested on animals.
98. One experiment in nerve regeneration involves cutting a big nerve in a rat’s leg, leaving its leg paralysed.
99. Even with these new developments in research, only a tiny proportion of all tests are done without using animals at some stage.
100.The use of animals in experiments cannot stop immediately if medical research is to continue and consumer products are to be properly tested.
101. When it comes to research into heart disease and its effects on the body, we do not have adequate substitutes for the use of animals.
102. I was surprised to see his room in such a litter.
103. The conditions that existed ten years ago are reproduced today.
Unit 12
104. Until recently daydreaming was generally considered either a waste of time or a symptom of neurotic tendencies.
105. At its best, daydreaming was considered a compensatory substitute for the real things in life.
106. As with anything carried to excess, daydreaming can be harmful.
107. There is a growing body of evidence to support the fact that most people suffer from a lack of daydreaming rather than an excess of it.
108. Daydreaming significantly contributes to intellectual growth, power of concentration, and the ability to interact and communicate with others.
109. Daydreaming resulted in improved self-control and enhanced creative thinking ability.
110. Contrary to popular belief, constant and conscious effort at solving a problem is, in reality, one of the most inefficient ways of coping with it.
111. Whenever confronted with a task which seemed too hard to be dealt with, he would stretch out on his laboratory sofa and let fantasies flood his mind.
112. The important thing to remember is to picture these desired objectives as if you had already attained them.
113. Daydreaming is highly beneficial to your physical and mental well-being.
114. Escape being impossible, the rabbit turned to confront the dog.
115. The difficulties that confront us cannot be overcome.
Unit 13
116. He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing, or if what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance.
117. In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been abolished, the sign that what a man does is of social value is that he is paid money to do it.
118. What from the point of view of society is necessary labor is from his own point of view voluntary play.
119. Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends, not on the job itself, but on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it.
120. It is already possible to imagine a society in which the majority of the population, that is to say, its laborers, will have almost as much leisure as in earlier times was enjoyed by the aristocracy.
121. The masses are more likely to replace an unchanging ritual by fashion which it will be in the economic interest of certain people to change as often as possible.
122. Workers seldom commit acts of violence, because they can put their aggression into their work, be it physical like the work of a smith, or mental like the work of a scientist or an artist.
123. They were often compelled to work twelve or fourteen hours a day.
124. The police undertook detailed and comprehensive investigations into the case.
Unit 14
125. The device, though, would do much more than capture a lecture.
126. It was a microcassette found in Kathleen Weinstein’s shirt pocket that not only led police to her alleged killer but also revealed the New Jersey teacher to be a woman of extraordinary courage and compassion.
127. Grabbing Weinstein by the jaw, the attacker told her he had a gun and forced her into the Camry.
128. It was there, police believe, that Weinstein was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag.
129. Her power of persuasion were to no avail.
130. Weinstein’s body, with hands and feet bound, was discovered by a hiker in March.
131. Given her fate, the name of the program has a heartbreaking resonance to it: Random Acts of Kindness.
132. The operation fostered hope in the patient.
133. We protested but to no avail.
134. He was firmly convinced that risk accompanies decisions.
Unit 15
135. The computer makes possible a marvellous leap in human proficiency.
136. But the question persists and indeed grows whether the computer will make it easier or harder for human beings to know who they really are….
137. There may be a tendency to mistake data for wisdom, just as there has always been a tendency to confuse logic with values, and intelligence with insight.
138. To the extent, then, that man fail to distinguish between the intermediate operations of electronic intelligence and the ultimate responsibilities of human decision, the computer could prove a digression.
139. It may promote undue confidence in concrete answers.
140. …before we lose ourselves in celebrating the victory, we might reflect on the great advances in the human situation that have come about because men were challenged by error and would not stop thinking and exploring until they found better approaches for dealing with it.
141. For the danger is not so much that man will be controlled by the computer as that he may imitate it.
142. Even to speculate on it is a gain.
143. If you persist in ignoring my instructions, I shall have to punish you.
144. His ultimate goal is too distant and shadowy to obtain.
145. Despite their differences, their love will conquer.
146. It has taken him a long time to come to terms with the fact that he won't be able to go to college.
4、解題思路及答題技巧
兩大原則：（1）先做主觀題，再做客觀題。（2）按分值合理分配時間。
1．完型填空：
（1）上看下看，左看右看，充分利用上下文。
（2）熟記固定搭配。
For over a hundred years Japan has consistently spent large sums of money and considerable human resources in an effort to obtain technology. Her ability to negotiate _________11 by the fact that most of the technology she wanted was no commercial secrets.
Japan’s _________12 has also been strengthened by the fact that her internal market was large, so that _________13 to this market could be offered to multinational companies as an attraction to them to grant licenses. Besides, Japan’s work force was disciplined, so it was capable _________14 applying the information it acquired. Finally, American and European companies, who were _________15 licensers, felt that the Japanese companies might take a large share of the world market _________16 they were not limited by licensing agreement.
Conditions of this sort, _________17 together in one nation, may well be unique, and the case of Japan may therefore not actually demonstrate that licensing is just as efficient as multinational ownership for the _________18 of technology.
In fact, Japan may be finding this method of operation _________19 effective than in the past ,as her needs for outside technology now require information which _________20 only a few companies and is more closely held.
11．A. was strengthened
B. will be strengthened
C. will have been strengthened
D. has been strengthened
12．A. position
B. location
C. place
D. point
13．A. entry
B. access
C. presence
D. acceptance
14．A. at
B. in
C. for
D. of
15．A. potential
B. feasible
C. liable
D. inevitable
16．A. until
B. before
C. if
D. after
17．A. came
B. come
C. will come
D. coming
18．A. transformation
B. transfer
C. transmission
D. shift
19．A. much
B. little
C. less
D. more
20．A. sticks to
B. belongs to
C. draws on
D. takes on
答案：11D A B D A 16C D B C B
2．閱讀理解：
（1）根據問題來看文章。
（2）圍繞中心思想答題。
（3）靈活運用各種猜題技巧。
（4）充分發揮有關背景知識的作用。
例2：(2004下)
NASA, the U.S. space agency, believes there’s a good chance that we’re not alone in the universe. Last fall, NASA began a new project called the High Resolution Microwave Survey (HRMS). Its aim: to find evidence of life in one of the billions of galaxies in the universe.
The search for intelligent life on other planets isn’t new. It began almost 100 years ago. That’s when scientists built a huge transmitter to send radio waves into space. Scientists thought smart beings on other planets might pick up the signals.
Scientists also have sent a message about humans and our solar system to a nearby constellation (星座). But because the constellation is 25,000 light years away, a return message wouldn’t reach Earth for 50,000 years! So don’t wait up for an answer.
So far, no extraterrestrial (地球外的) beings that we know of have returned our 「calls.」 But according to Dr. Jill Tarter, an HRMS scientist, we haven’t exactly had our ears wide open. 「Now, however,」 says Dr. Tarter, 「we』ve built the tools we need to listen well.」
Last October, Dr. Tarter switched on the largest radio receiver in the world. It’s an enormous metal bowl stretching 1,000 feet across a valley in Puerto Rico.
Meanwhile, another NASA scientist turned on a huge radio receiver in California’s Mojave Desert. NASA hopes these big dishes-and others around the world-will pick up radio signals from new world.
Dr. Frank Drake has been searching for life in outer space for years. He explains the HRMS project this way: To listen to your radio, you move the tuner on the dial until the channels come in loud and clear: Now imagine radio receivers that scan our galaxy 「listening」 to 14 million channels every second. That’s what NASA’s radio receivers in Puerto Rico and California are doing.
But that’s not all. Powerful computers hooked to the receivers examine every signal carefully. The computers try to match the signals to ones that scientists already recognize, such as human-made signals. If they can’t, Drake and Tarter check on them. 「It could prove there is radio technology elsewhere in the universe,」 says Dr. Tarter. 「And that would mean we’re not alone.」
26．NASA scientists started a new project in order to _________.
A. discover life in other galaxies
B. send human beings into space
C. find evidence of a new galaxy
D. confirm the number of galaxies
27．According to Dr. Jill Tarter, the reason why we haven’t received any return any return messages from outer space is that _________.
A. our ears are not sharp enough to hear them
B. our equipment hasn’t been good enough
C. it takes millions of years for them to reach us
D. it takes quite a long time to send them
28．Dr. Jill Tarter compares the large receiver to _________.
A. the human ear
B. the universe
C. a metal bowl
D. a huge dish
29．According to Dr. Frank Drake, NASA’s radio receivers in Puerto Rico and California are _________.
A. trying to check on every channel carefully
B. moving the tuner on the dial for clear channels
C. scanning the universe for possible signals
D. picking up radio signals from new world
30．The best title of this passage is _________.
A. Signals from the Space
B. The Invention of New Radio Receivers
C. The Intelligent Life in Outer Space
D. NASA Listens for Space Neighbors
答案：26A B A C D
3. 英譯漢
先看懂全文大意，再用比較通順的漢語翻譯，不必拘泥於原來英文句內的順序，在不損害原意的基礎上適當地增詞和減詞。
例3：
I』ve spent years studying happiness, and one of the most significant conclusions I』ve drawn is this: there is little correlation between the circumstances of people’s lives and how happy they are. A moment’s reflection should make this obvious. We all know people who have had a relatively easy life yet are essentially unhappy. And we know people who have suffered a great deal but generally remain happy.
The first secret is gratitude. All happy people are grateful. Ungrateful people cannot be happy. We tend to think that being unhappy leads people to complain, but it’s truer to say that complaining leads people to unhappiness. The second secret is realizing that happiness is a byproduct of something else. The most obvious sources are those pursuits that give our lives purposes—anything from studying insects to playing baseball. The more passions we have, the more happiness we’re likely to experience.
我花了幾年的時間來研究快樂，我得出的一個最重要的結論是：人們的生活狀況和他們有多快樂沒有多少相關性。片刻的思考就會把這點弄明白。我們都認識一些生活相對輕鬆但根本不快樂的人，我們也認識一些吃了很多苦但仍能總的保持快樂的人。
第一個秘訣就是感激。所有快樂的人都心懷感激，沒有感激心情的人不可能快樂。我們往往認為不快樂使得人們抱怨，但是更準確地說應該是抱怨導致人們不快樂。第二個秘訣是認識到快樂是其他事物的副產品。快樂最顯而易見的來源是那些使得我們的生活具有目的性的活動——從研究昆蟲到打棒球。我們越有激情，我們就越可能體驗快樂。
複習方略
在結束此次串講之前，讓我們來總結一下英語（二）的複習方略：（1）熟讀課文，爭取把與課文有關的題都拿下。（2）弄懂重點語法，背熟基本詞彙。（3）多做閱讀理解和完型填空題，做到熟能生巧。
（來源：北京自考熱線）
(責任編輯：劉建偉)