2020年10月自考00596英語閱讀(二)真題及答案
一、閱讀選擇題
第1篇文章選自【第10課 如何野營】
1. 野營時在森林迷路怎樣找到方向?
【答案】moss on trees, the sun and the stars, twigs, sleeping near the foot of a tree or beside a log, make a fire.
【解析】定位到文章9-12段。
對於所有的男生，即使是受過訓練的守林人都有可能在陌生的森林裡迷路。因此每個人都應該知道在這種情況下該怎麼辦。通常樹上苔蘚長得濃密的那面是北面。知道這一點有助於找到方向，但最好還是隨身帶個小型的指南針。
如果天氣晴朗，太陽和星星可以為你指路。在茂密的森林裡，迷路者經常會在原地繞圈而走不出去。如果跟著它們，就會避免繞圈。
折斷灌木樹上的樹枝，可以給搜尋者以提示。最好的辦法就是沿著溪流的方向走，它會流向更廣闊的水域，通常那裡會有人居住。如果到達一座小山，站在山頂也許就可以看見平地。
如果你迷路了，無論怎樣也不要慌張。營地肯定有人想起你，你的朋友們一定會尋找你。如果你不得不在森林裡過夜，就好好利用一切東西吧。有些人睡在樹下或者木頭邊。如果能夠在不危及森林的情況下點起火就再好不過了。
2. 建議帶上什麼裝備?
【答案】canteen
【解析】定位到文章13-17段。
如今必須攜帶露營裝備,包括住宿所需的必備物品。除非停留的時間很短，否則需要馬車或馱載牲口來運輸。對於十英裡的行程或更長，我建議行李不要超過二百鎊。儘管我知道騾子馱著三百磅的行李在崎嶇的路上可以以每天二十英裡的速度行進。
如果行李太重，可以讓每個露營者把毯子打成卷，扛在右肩膀上，這樣就可以減輕重量。如果存在遠離飲用水源的危險，我建議每個人帶個水壺。
你應該具備以下物品:長柄的煎鍋、烤烙用具、咖啡壺、長烙叉、長烙勺;便宜的杯子、盤子和勺以及刀叉。
不要依賴於魚肉和野味作為食物補給，帶一些無骨的燻肉和肥肉，它可以搭配你捕獲的各種魚和鮮肉。然後你要在密封罐裡裝些研磨好的咖啡。還有茶(裝在密封的玻璃罐裡)、白糖、鹽、麵粉、玉米片、大米、 豌豆、燕麥、濃縮牛奶、奶油、餅乾以及儘可能多的可以攜帶的罐裝水果或乾果，但不能超重一這些不是必需品，但所有這些都用得上。
需要記住的是，男生千萬不能遠離營地,不管他們有多強壯多有智慧，除非他們中的一個有實踐經驗，對於這種生活非常熟悉。
4. 什麼既便宜又方便，類似於內戰時士兵所使用的那種?
【答案】Small dog tents
【解析】定位到文章第6段。小帳篷既便宜又方便，類似於內戰時士兵所使用的那種。每個人攜帶一部分，兩部分就可以搭建一個帳篷。下雨時兩個人可以蜷在帳篷裡避雨。但在乾燥的天氣裡他們還是喜歡露天睡，即使天氣有些冷。
5. 野營的過程是什麼樣的?
【答案】野營是很愉快的和有挑戰的。
【解析】結合全文內容。
二、文中尋詞題
1. I am quite often asked: How do you feel about having ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)? The answer is not a lot. I try to lead as normal a life as possible, and not think about my condition, or regret the things it prevents me from doing, which are not that many.
2. It was a great shock to me to discover that I had motor neuron disease. I had never been very well co-coordinated physically as a child. I was not good at ball games, and my handwriting was the despair of my teachers. Maybe for this reason, I didn’t care much for sport or physical activities. But things seemed to change when I went to Oxford, at the age of 17. I took up coxing and rowing. I was not boat race standard, but I got by at the level of inter-college competition.
3. In my third year at Oxford, however, I noticed that I seemed to be getting clumsier, and I fell over once or twice for no apparent reason. But it was not until I was at Cambridge, in the following year, that my father noticed, and took me to the family doctor. He referred me to a specialist, and shortly after my 21st birthday, I went into hospital for tests. I was in for two weeks, during which I had a wide variety of tests. They took a muscle sample from my arm, stuck electrodes into me, and injected some radio opaque fluid into my spine, and watched it going up and down with x-rays, as they tilted the bed. After all that, they didn’t tell me what I had, except that it was not multiple sclerosis, and that I was an atypical case. I gathered, however, that they expected it to continue to get worse, and that there was nothing they could do, except give me vitamins. I could see that they didn’t expect them to have much effect. I didn’t feel like asking for more details, because they were obviously bad. 4. The realization that I had an incurable disease, that was likely to kill me in a few years, was a bit of a shock. How could something like that happen to me? Why should I be cut off like this? However, while I had been in hospital, I had seen a boy I vaguely knew die of leukemia, in the bed opposite me. It had not been a pretty sight. Clearly there were people who were worse off than me. At least my condition didn’t make me feel sick. Whenever I feel inclined to be sorry for myself I remember that boy.
【解析】
1. despair: loss of hope, hopeless 絕望，失望
2. variety: several different sorts of the same thing 多樣;種類
3. injected: to put a drug into a person’s body 給…注射
4. incurable: that cannot be cured 不能治癒的
5. shock: a strong feeling of surprise as a result of sth happening, especially sth unpleasant; the event that causes this feeling 震驚;驚愕;令人震驚的事
6. leukemia: a serious disease in which too many white blood cells are produced, causing weakness and sometimes death 白血病
7. inclined: wanting to do sth 想(做某事)
四、翻譯題
文章選自【第36課 青少年犯罪(第二部分)】2-8段
1. Tragically, the number of violent teens has grown in recent years, even as the population of teenagers has contracted. But the teen population has bottomed out and is now on the upswing. If current rates of offending remain unchanged, the number of teens who commit murder and other serious violent crimes shall increase, if only because of the demographic turnaround in the population at risk.
【答案】可悲的是，最近幾年，在青少年人口數量減少的情況下，具有暴力傾向的青少年數量卻在增加。但青少年人口的數量在接近谷底以後現在已經處於上升的趨勢了。如果現在的犯罪率保持不變的話，只要人口上升的趨勢不變，殺人或者犯其他嚴重罪行的青少年的數量將會增加。
2. The hopeful news is that there is still time to stem the tide---to prevent the next wave of youth crime. But we must act now---by reinvesting in schools, recreation, job training, support for families, and mentoring.
【答案】值得欣慰的是我們還有時間來遏制這一暗流——阻止青少年犯罪的下一次浪潮。但是我們必須現在就行動---通過投資興建學校、提供娛樂場所、給予工作培訓、給家庭提供援助、耐心教導等。
3. One of the most compelling easy solutions is the 「three strikes you’re out」 movement for repeat offenders that has swept across America, from Washington State, where it began, to Washington. D. C., where our congressmen and congresswomen are eager to show their constituents that they can strike out the side on crime.
【答案】最有強制力最簡單的解決方案之一就是對慣犯所實施的「三振出局法」，這一運動曾橫掃美國，從它的發源地華盛頓州，到華盛頓特區國會議員們紛紛向他們的投票人顯示，他們在打擊犯罪方面成效卓越。
4. Besides the inevitable miscarriages of justice when certain petty felons get sent up the river inappropriately, why do we need this kind of automatic provision?
【答案】除了不可避免的誤用公正而把一些小的重罪犯送進監獄以外，我們為什麼需要這些自動的條款規定?
5. The same concern over the elimination of judicial discretion applies to the national movement toward the automatic waiver of violent juveniles to the adult court. Undeniably, certain repeat violent juvenile offenders have demonstrated through recidivism that they are not amenable to treatment. These offenders can and should be transferred to the adult system. But this is not the case with all juvenile violent offenders, even though they may commit an adult-like crime such as murder or rape. The inspiration for their vicious crimes often stems from their immaturity---for example, kids committing murder in order to impress their peers.
【答案】人們除了對司法審判的取消很關注之外，針對青少年罪犯移交成人法庭的自動放棄權也掀起了全國性的運動。不可否認，有些屢次犯罪的青少年成為慣犯，而且很難管教。但這並不適用於所有的青少年違法者, 即使他們犯了像成人一樣的殺人罪或強姦罪，因為促使他們犯罪的動機可能是不成熟——比如孩子殺人目的僅僅是為了在夥伴中樹立威信。
6. Don’t misunderstand me. I’m not opposed to punishment (except capital punishment). However, we cannot deal effectively with teen violence through the threat of the criminal justice system. The threat of punishment, no matter how harsh, cannot deter kids who face the threat of violence every day in their classrooms and their neighborhoods.
【答案】不要誤解我。我並不是反對懲罰(死刑除外)。但是我們並不能夠通過刑事司法制度來有效解決青少年犯罪問題。不管懲罰多麼嚴厲，都不能減少孩子在教室裡和在社區裡所面臨的暴力威脅。
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