前幾天在鄉村老屋睡覺時，晚上十點左右準時會出現一種輕輕的尖利的叫聲，一開始我以為是咪蛋發出的鼾聲，隨後以為是屋頂夾層裡的睡鼠們醒了，發出的求偶聲，再後來我就認為是四周田野裡設置的電子驅鳥裝置。。。。。。就這樣胡亂猜測了三個晚上，直到最後一天晚上，這個聲音在日落之後又出現，並且這一次非常靠近，就在屋頂上。於是我開了天頂窗，就看見旁邊一隻不大的貓頭鷹飛到了對面的樹上，繼續這種聲音.雖然黑夜裡沒看清楚它的長相，但終於知道了這騷擾了我五個晚上的原來是貓頭鷹的叫聲。
回來以後有心要探究下貓頭鷹叫聲的意義，今天就來認識一下這種以「不祥的叫聲」為名的小型貓頭鷹（並非是我在鄉間遇到的那種哦!） - 鬼鴞
這圓頭大腦的不是挺可愛！
鬼鴞（學名：Aegolius funereus）
Aegolius is a genus of small true owls. The genus name is from Latin; aegolius is a type of screech owl thought to be a bird of ill omen, and funereus means "funereal".
鬼鴞是一種小型貓頭鷹，名字源於拉丁語 Aegolius 意為不祥的預兆，funereus意為葬禮，中文就變成了鬼鴞。
鬼鴞屬的鳥類現存有四個亞種。分布於歐洲、亞洲、北美洲（阿拉斯加到加拿大），包括中國大陸的黑龍江、內蒙古、甘肅、青海、新疆等地，主要棲息於針葉林中以及也見於松、樺、白楊的混交林中。該物種的模式產地在瑞典。
（按照慣例，我一個個來找出來學習一下。）
現存四亞種:
Boreal owl or Tengmalm's Owl, Aegolius funereus
Northern saw-whet owl, Aegolius acadicus
Unspotted saw-whet owl, Aegolius ridgwayi
Buff-fronted owl, Aegolius harrisii
北歐鬼鴞英文名：Boreal owl或者Tengmalm's Owl，俗稱北歐貓頭鷹
This species is a part of the larger grouping of owls known as typical owls, Strigidae, which contains most species of owl. The other grouping is the barn owls, Tytonidae. Due to its shyness and evasive reaction to human activities, nocturnal habits and preferred inaccessible taiga forest habitat, it ranks as one of the, if not the, least known owls in both North America and Europe.
這個物種屬於俗稱貓頭鷹的鴟鴞科，這個科目下包含絕大多數種貓頭鷹，與此不同的另一科貓頭鷹叫做倉鴞——就那種臉像蘋果切開的貓頭鷹(下圖）。
本人覺得這種貓頭鷹才應該叫鬼鴞，臉白得跟鬼似的。
而鬼鴞因為生性害羞，迴避人類，因此棲息地在密林深處，遠離人類，這種貓頭鷹成了北美和歐洲地區最不為人知的貓頭鷹。
These owls take mainly rodents and other small mammals as their prey, but will also feed on birds, bats, insects and other invertebrates according to what is available.
這些貓頭鷹主要以齧齒動物和其他小型哺乳動物為獵物，也可以用鳥類，蝙蝠，昆蟲和其他無脊椎動物來飼養。
The Aegolius owls are dark brown or black above, and whitish or buff below, marked with streaks or spots in the two northern forms. The head is large, with yellow eyes and a well-defined facial disc. The flight is strong, agile and direct.
Aegolius owls breed in tree holes laying several eggs. They have repetitive whistling calls in the breeding season.
鬼鴞有著深棕色或黑色的背羽，兩個北方亞種各有條紋或者斑點。頭大大的有著黃色的眼睛，面部圓滿，臉若圓盤，飛翔迅猛，直接，敏捷，它們在樹洞裡下蛋，在繁殖季節會重複嘯叫。
Banded boreal owls have been known to live up to 16 years. Due to the owl's small stature it is often preyed upon by other owls and large raptors thus decreasing its average life span.
已知有條紋的北方貓頭鷹壽命長達16年。不過，由於鬼鴞的身材嬌小，經常受到其他貓頭鷹和大型猛禽的攻擊，從而減少了其平均壽命。
好呆萌啊！
北美鬼鴞 The northern saw-whet owl
The northern saw-whet owl (Aegolius acadicus) is a small owl native to North America.
The northern saw-whet owl makes a repeated tooting whistle sound. Some say they sound like a saw being sharpened on a whetstone.They usually make these sounds to find a mate, so they can be heard more often April through June when they are looking for mates. Despite being more common in spring, they do vocalize year round.
北美鬼鴞能發出類似鋸子鋸木頭的叫聲.英文名也由此而來。發出這種叫聲是為了求偶，因此在四月和六月間經常能聽到。除了春季多發叫聲，平時也會有這樣的叫聲。。。。。。（其實一晚上叫著求偶也很煩，尤其鄉間晚上特別寧靜。）
看上去蠻可愛啊！幼鳥簡直是網紅。
The northern saw-whet owl has a very sophisticated hearing. It is due to vertically asymmetrical ears and different shape of the ear openings. Because the sound reaches the ears at a different time and is of different intensity, the northern saw-whet owl can very precisely localize its prey. Such accurate sound localization allows it to hunt in a complete darkness by hearing alone.
北美鬼鴞有著非常精準的聽覺。這是由於它們垂直不對稱的耳朵和不同形狀的耳廓，由於聲音在不同的時間到達耳朵，強度不同，所以北美鬼鴞可以非常精確地定位獵物。這種準確的聲音定位允許它在黑暗中僅憑著聽覺來捕獵。
無斑點鬼鴞 The unspotted saw-whet owl
The unspotted saw-whet owl (Aegolius ridgwayi) is a small owl. It is a resident breeder in the highlands of Central America from southern Mexico south to western Panama, mainly above 2500 m. it has occasionally been considered conspecific with the northern saw-whet owl. There are currently no recognized subspecies.
無斑點鬼鴞是中美洲南部高地的居民，從墨西哥南部到巴拿馬西部，主要生活在海拔2500米以上。它偶爾會被人和北美鬼鴞混淆。
This nocturnal bird breeds in open mountain forests, in both the cloud forest and the higher oak woodland, laying its eggs in a tree hole. It takes rodents, shrews and other small mammals as its main prey, but will also feed on birds, bats and insects.
這種夜間的鳥類生活在開放的山區森林中，在雲林和較高的橡樹林地中棲息，在樹洞裡產卵。它以齧齒動物等小型哺乳動物為主要獵物，但也會吃鳥類，蝙蝠和昆蟲。
The unspotted saw-whet owl is a small, dumpy, short-tailed and broad-winged owl, 18 cm long and weighing 80 g. It is dark brown above with white markings on the wings. The underparts are unstreaked buff, becoming darker on the upper chest and facial disc. The head is large, with yellow eyes and a white-edged facial disc. The flight is fluttery and agile.
無斑點鬼鴞是一個矮小的，有著短尾和寬翅的小型貓頭鷹。長約18釐米，重80克（不會吧，這麼輕？）
它們飛翔時飄渺而敏捷。
The voice of the unspotted saw-whet owl is a series of rhythmic toots. Reports of this owl at lower altitudes are invariably due to the extremely similar call of an Anotheca tree frog.
它們的叫聲是一系列有節奏的。據報導，在較低海拔區域的這種鳥兒叫聲極其類似於Anotheca樹蛙的聲音。
黃額鬼鴞 The buff-fronted owl
The buff-fronted owl (Aegolius harrisii) is a small owl. It is a rare and local resident in the highlands of South America from Venezuela south and east to Peru, northern Argentina and northwest Paraguay. The range is effectively separated into two parts by the unsuitable habitat of the Amazon basin.
黃額鬼鴞是一種小貓頭鷹，它是罕見的，主要生活在南美洲南部的高原地區，從委內瑞拉南部到秘魯東部，阿根廷北部和巴拉圭西北部的。亞馬孫河流域不適宜的棲息地將它們的活動範圍有效分為兩部分。
怎麼有塗了閃光眼影的效果？
The buff-fronted owl is a small, compact, short-tailed and broad-winged owl, 23 cm long and weighing 130 g. It is black above with white flecking on the wings. The underparts are unstreaked buff and the tail is brown with two spotted white bars. The head is large, with yellow eyes and a black-edged buff facial disc. The flight is strong and direct. The voice is a quavering trill sometimes varying in pitch.
黃額鬼鴞是一種小巧的短尾貓頭鷹，長23釐米，重130克。它的面孔很好識別——有兩條黑色的粗劍眉——它們飛行強壯和直接，叫聲有時候會變成抖抖音.
一個人，不開心
一家三口擠一起.
是貓頭鷹就會犯二，問題癥結在於眼太大！
百慕達鬼鴞 Bermuda saw-whet owl
The Bermuda saw-whet owl (Aegolius gradyi) was a species of owl that was endemic to Bermuda. It was described from fossil records and explorer accounts of the bird in the 17th century. It is not known what caused its extinction, but it may have been related to the decline of cedar and palmetto trees, or the arrival of non-native predators and competitors after human colonization. In 2014, this owl was declared extinct.
從17世紀就有化石記載的百慕達鬼鴞，不知什麼原因而滅絕了，這可能與雪松和棕櫚樹的衰落有關，也可能與人類殖民後非本地的捕食者和競爭對手的到來有關。 2014年，這種貓頭鷹宣稱滅絕。
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