向2019的大家問好！新年快樂！今天我們介紹的是呼吸系統詞彙、詞根&詞綴。
After learning this chapter, you will be able to:
1. Recognize the morphemes introduced in this chapter
2. Correctly spell medical terms relating to the respiratory system
寫在前面
Introduction
The respiratory system is an integrated network of organs and tubes that coordinates the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. The anatomical features of the respiratory system include airways, lungs, and the respiratory muscles. Oxygen taken from the lungs are transported to the body cell and carbon dioxide produced in the body cells are transported to the lungs by the blood through circulatory system.
呼吸系統是協調氧氣和二氧化碳交換的器官和管道的綜合網絡。呼吸系統的解剖學特徵包括呼吸道、肺和呼吸肌。從肺部攝取的氧氣被運送到體細胞，體細胞產生的二氧化碳通過血液循環系統被運送到肺部。
詞彙 & 詞素
Vocabularies & Morphemes
adenoids - 扁桃體
The adenoid, also known as a pharyngeal tonsil 扁桃體 or nasopharyngeal 鼻咽的 tonsil.
alveolus - 肺泡
An alveolus (plural: alveoli, from Latin alveolus, "little cavity") is an anatomical structure that has the form of a hollow cavity.
alveol/o = air sac
alveolar 肺泡的
apex of the lung - 肺葉尖
bronchioles - 細支氣管
The bronchioles or bronchioli are the passageways by which air passes through the nose or mouth to the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs, in which branches no longer contain cartilage 軟骨 or glands in their submucosa 黏膜下層.
bronchus - 支氣管
A bronchus, also known as a main or primary bronchus, is an airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs. There is a right bronchus and a left bronchus and these bronchi branch into smaller secondary and tertiary bronchi which branch into smaller tubes, known as bronchioles.
分清支氣管和細支氣管：支氣管複數形式為 bronchi；細支氣管複數形式只是結尾單純加s
hypercapnia - 高碳酸血症
capn/o = carbon dioxide
cilia - 纖毛
A cilium (Latin for eyelash 睫毛; the plural is cilia) is an organelle 細胞器 found in eukaryotic cells 真核細胞
pneumoconiosis - 矽肺
pneum/o = lung
coni/o = dust
cyanosis - 發紺
which is caused by deficient 不足的 oxygen in the blood
cyan/o = blue
epiglottis - 會厭
The epiglottis is a flap 瓣 made of elastic cartilage tissue covered with a mucous membrane
larynx - 喉
voice box
laryng/o = larynx
laryngeal 喉的
lobe - 肺葉
division of a lung
lob/o = lobe of the lung
lobectomy - 葉切除術
Lobectomy means surgical excision of a lobe. This may refer to a lobe of the lung, a lobe of the thyroid (hemithyroidectomy), or a lobe of the brain (as in anterior temporal 顳的 lobectomy).
mediastinum - 縱膈
The mediastinum (from Medieval Latin mediastinus, "midway") is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity 胸腔 surrounded by loose connective tissue, as an region that contains a group of structures within the thorax
nares - 鼻孔
openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities.
nas/o = nose
paranasal sinuses - 鼻竇
palatine tonsil - 顎扁桃體
parietal pleura - 壁胸膜
parietal 壁的；parietal cell 壁細胞
pharynx - 咽
throat, including the nasopharynx, oropharynx 口咽的, laryngopharynx
pleural cavity - 胸膜腔
小夥伴們趁機複習下人體腔隙的醫學術語
pulmonary parenchyma - 肺實質
Parenchyma is the bulk of a substance. In animals, a parenchyma comprises the functional parts of an organ, and in plants, parenchyma is the ground tissue of nonwoody structures.
expectoration - 咳痰
pector/o = chest = 胸部
可理解為 ex- 表示 out，從胸部出來，咳痰
dysphonia - 失語症
break language, tongueless.
phon/o = voice
phrenic nerve - 膈神經
phren/o = diaphragm = 膈
rhinorrhea - 流鼻涕
rhin/o = nose
上文提及過 nas/o = nose 也不要忘了哈～
visceral pleura - 臟胸膜
parietal pleura - 壁胸膜
spirometer - 肺活量計
A spirometer is an apparatus for measuring the volume of air inspired and expired by the lungs.
spir/o = breathing
atelectasis - 肺不張
a- = no = 不
tel/o = complete = 完全
-ectasis = expansion = 擴張
I · I
醫 學 一 點 醫
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