ASFV的流行病學信息在受控的研究條件下被廣泛發表：該病毒會通過豬的所有體液散毒，其中，血液中病毒濃度最高。豬可通過鼻對鼻接觸、精液、母乳、糞/口、含有病毒顆粒的皮下注射以及攝入受感染豬的組織而感染。該病毒的潛伏期為3-14天，臨床症狀包括無精打採、皮膚紅斑、豬扎堆、發熱、血痢疾和猝死。
The epidemiology of ASFV is widely published under controlled research conditions: the virus is shed from all porcine bodily fluids, with blood containing the highest virus concentrations. Pigs can be infected via nose to nose contact, semen, milk, fecal/oral, injections under the skin containing viral particles, or ingestion of tissue from infected pigs. The incubation time of the virus is 3-14 days, with clinical signs including lethargy, erythema, piling of pigs, febricity, bloody scours, and sudden death.因為來自中國的存在潛在混合感染的大規模商品場的田間報告與已知的某些報告結果不符，因此還需要更多的流行病學研究和文獻。其中一些田間報告的差異可能是由不同毒力的病毒分離株導致的，毒力通常報告為高、中、低毒力。這些ASFV分離株的田間表現和發病機制也可能不同，分為極急性、急性、亞急性和慢性。田間觀察支持這些報告的臨床表現差異。More epidemiological research and publication is needed as field reports from China in large commercial operations with potential co-infections dispute some of these reported results. Some of the variation in field reports may be explained by differences in virus isolate commonly reported as High, Moderate and Low virulence. These ASFV isolates also may have different field presentations and pathogenesis described as Peracute, Acute, Subacute and Chronic. Field observations support these reported differences in clinical presentation.
ASFV的鑑別診斷包括但不限於經典豬瘟、藍耳（豬繁殖和呼吸症候群）、偽狂犬、沙門氏菌和斷奶後多系統衰竭症候群以及包括梭狀芽胞桿菌和鏈球菌在內的其他致病菌。
Differential diagnosis for ASFV include, but are not limited to, classical swine fever, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, pseudorabies virus, salmonella, and post-weaning multisystem wasting syndrome and other bacterial pathogens including Clostridium and Streptococcus.
ASFV具有高致病性，但未見高傳播性的報導。一些作者將此描述為「接觸傳染力」（與其他病原體如口蹄疫病毒相比，ASFV具有高死亡率和低感染率）3。在病毒未得到控制和對流行病學數據進行了監測的大規模商品場中的臨床田間病例中，總死亡率可在數天內增加一倍以上，直至造成大多數豬只死亡。
ASFV is highly pathogenic, but not reported to be highly transmissible. Some authors describe this as 「contagiosity」 (there may be high mortality with low infection rate when compared to other pathogens like FMDV).3 In clinical field cases in large populations of commercial pigs where the virus has been left uncontrolled and epidemiological data has been monitored, total mortality can more than double in the matter of days until the majority of the population is deceased.
已有研究已對亞洲豬群的感染源進行了調查，以了解疾病的進入途徑，以便今後預防病毒向區域內的其他豬場傳播。總的來說，亞洲的田間觀察支持了病毒在該地區的快速傳播，推測病毒的傳播途徑包括受感染的豬、受感染的肉、受汙染的病媒、鼠類、蒼蠅、蚊子、工作人員、飼料的移動，以及缺乏執行適當的生物安全規程。受汙染的飼料在疾病傳播動力學中所扮演的角色不容忽視。在ASF病毒的各種傳播途徑中，死豬屍體處理不當和感染豬只的轉移是最常見的把ASFV在全國各地傳播的方法。死於ASFV的豬需要正確的處理並加強生物安全措施，以限制ASFV向未感染豬群的傳播，因為死豬屍體散播的病毒量是很大的。
Investigations into the source of the infections into a population in Asia have been conducted to understand the routes of entry which may allow for future prevention of movement of the virus to other area farms. In general, field observations in Asia support rapid area spread with speculated routes of movement of the virus attributed to movement of infected pigs, movement of infected meat, contaminated fomites, rats, flies, mosquitoes, staff, feed, and lack of implementation of proper biosecurity protocols. The role of contaminated feed cannot be overlooked in the transmission dynamics. Improper disposal of the carcasses and movement of infected pigs are high on the list of methods that may have moved this virus across all of China. Pigs that have died from ASFV require proper disposal and enhanced biosecurity practices to limit the spread of ASFV to naïve populations since carcasses are shedding high levels of virus.
豬場清群和淨化程序已經實施並在田間條件下進行了觀察，結果差異很大。一個豬場在清群之後，一定要實施徹底的清潔和消毒程序以去除所有有機物質和病毒顆粒，這一點是至關重要的，因為這可以防止病毒向下一批豬傳播，從而使豬場保持健康，免受ASFV感染。目前普遍接受的針對其他病毒（包括但不限於PEDV或PRRS）的操作規程已在田間得到成功應用。中國正在嘗試使用檢測和淘汰技術從母豬群中淨化ASF病毒4。這種採用閉群、部分清群和全群採樣的淨化方法或許行得通，還需要進一步的研究和文獻來證明針對非洲豬瘟這種病原體是否有效。
Site depopulation and cleanup protocols have been implemented and observed under field conditions and vary widely. It is critical that following depopulation of a site, a cleaning and disinfection protocol that removes all organic material and viral particles is completed to prevent viral transmission to the next group of pigs and for the site to remain healthy and free from ASFV. Commonly accepted protocols for other viruses (including but not limited to PEDV or PRRS) have been successfully used in the field. Attempts to eliminate ASF virus from sow populations using test and removal techniques are being reported in China.4 This elimination technique using herd closure, partial depopulation and whole herd sampling methods may hold promise and needs further research and documentation to understand if effective for this pathogen.
為了確保ASFV不進入其他場點，應進行全面的生物安全評估，以確保有關人員入場、卡車運輸、裝載、飼料、隔離期以及其他可能的入場途徑的規程都正確的成文，對工作人員進行相關主題的培訓和教育，並正確地執行標準操作流程。還有至關重要的一步是，確保每天的監督也能到位，以便對豬場員工在培訓教育和操作方面的任何不足之處進行日常審查和糾正。
To ensure that ASFV does not enter other sites, a full biosecurity evaluation should be conducted to ensure that protocols regarding personnel entry, trucking, loading, feed, downtime, and other possible routes of entry are properly written, staff are educated on the topics, and standard operating procedures are properly implemented. A critical step is to be sure daily monitoring is also completed to maintain daily review and correction of any deficiencies in implementation and education by staff on the farm.
為了防止更多的場點和豬場受到感染和損失，常常需要額外的資本支出來改善生物安全。西班牙是唯一一個在1995年成功淨化了ASFV的國家，在此之前，西班牙多年來一直試圖將ASFV從其豬群中淨化，但均以失敗告終2。亞洲現在面臨著一個重要的決策：ASFV不僅在中國各處傳播，而且也已進入其他國家，如果不謹慎地實施幹預措施，阻止病毒在豬場之間和其他國家之間的傳播，那麼病毒可能會繼續傳播。在全球範圍內，為防止ASFV的傳播和循環提供技術幫助和知識是每一個具有養豬業最專業知識的個人的責任。在美國，由養豬業的領軍者打頭陣將ASFV拒之國門外，政府也將緊隨其後。
Additional capital expenditure projects to improve biosecurity are often necessary to prevent the infection and loss of more sites and farms. The only country that has successfully eliminated ASFV is Spain, in 1995, after years of unsuccessful attempts to eliminate ASFV from their national herd.2Asia now faces this decision as the virus has not only spread through China, but also into adjourning countries and may continue to spread without careful implementation of interventions to stop viral spread between farms and additional countries. All across the world it is the responsibility of the individuals with the greatest expertise in the swine industry to provide assistance and knowledge on preventing the spread and circulation of ASFV. In the United States, with leaders in the swine industry leading the charge to keep ASFV out of the country, the government will follow.