What makes Europe's heat wave so insufferable? No air conditioning
是什麼讓歐洲的熱浪如此令人難以忍受？沒有空調
來源：CNN 翻譯：世界播
Europe is sweltering in intense heat, suffering through the latest heat wave in a summer that has seen at least 12 countries experience record-breaking temperatures.
歐洲如今在遭遇今年夏天最新一波熱浪後酷熱難耐，至少有12個國家經歷了創紀錄的高溫。
Meteorologists say that Europe is on track for the hottest July on record, following the warmest June since records began in 1880.
氣象學家表示，繼1880年有記錄以來最熱的6月之後，歐洲將迎來有記錄以來最熱的7月。
Scientists warn that the world should expect more scorching heat waves due to climate change and that current temperature highs are in line with predictions made over a decade ago.
科學家警告稱，由於氣候變化，全世界預計會出現更多酷熱難耐的熱浪，目前的高溫與十多年前的預測一致。
Record-breaking temperatures
破紀錄的高溫天氣
Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands and the UK all reached record-breaking temperatures this week.
比利時、德國、荷蘭和英國本周都達到了破紀錄的高溫。
On Wednesday, Belgium endured its hottest day ever recorded, with temperatures rising to 39.9 degrees Celsius (102 Fahrenheit). The Netherlands broke a 75-year record on Wednesday, and then hit another all-time high of 40 Celsius (104 Fahrenheit) on Thursday, the national weather forecasting institute said. Temperatures there are still climbing.
周三，比利時經歷了有史以來最熱的一天，氣溫上升到39.9攝氏度(102華氏度)。據荷蘭國家氣象預報研究所介紹，荷蘭於本周三打破75年來的最高氣溫紀錄，並於本周四創下40攝氏度(104華氏度)的歷史新高。那裡的氣溫仍在攀升。
In the German town of Geilenkirchen, a temperature high of 40.5 degrees Celsius (104.9 Fahrenheit) was recorded on Wednesday. The UK experienced its hottest ever July day on Thursday, with temperatures predicted to beat the hottest ever recorded temperature of 38.5 Celsius, set in 2003.
周三，德國蓋倫基興鎮的氣溫達到了40.5攝氏度(104.9華氏度)。周四，英國經歷了7月以來最熱的一天，預計氣溫將超過2003年創下的38.5攝氏度的歷史最高紀錄。
All four countries remain on extreme heat alert.
這四個國家仍然處於極端高溫警戒狀態。
In June, a heat wave broke temperature records in eight countries, including France, the Czech Republic and Switzerland.
今年6月，一股熱浪打破了包括法國、捷克共和國和瑞士在內的8個國家的氣溫記錄。
France reached a scorching 45.9 degrees Celsius (114.6 Fahrenheit). The country is on high alert again, with temperatures of 42 Celsius (107.6 Fahrenheit) expected in Paris.
法國此前曾達到45.9攝氏度(114.6華氏度)的灼熱高溫。而目前法國再次進入高度戒備狀態，因為巴黎的氣溫預計將達到42攝氏度(107.6華氏度)。
The current heat wave presents a serious threat to Notre Dame Cathedral. The roof of Paris' beloved cathedral, which survived a massive fire months ago, is at risk of collapse, according to chief architect Philippe Villeneuve.
目前的熱浪對巴黎聖母院構成了嚴重的威脅。根據首席建築師菲利普•維倫紐夫的說法，這座巴黎備受喜愛的大教堂在幾個月前的那場大火中倖存下來的屋頂，現在有倒塌的危險。
"What I fear is that the joints or the masonry, as they dry, lose their coherence, their cohesion and their structural qualities and that all of sudden, the vault gives way," he said.
他表示：「我擔心的是，接縫或砌體在乾燥時失去了連貫性、凝聚力和結構特性，拱頂會突然倒塌。」
More intense heat waves
更強烈的熱浪
Heat waves such as this one could become the new normal for Europe, driven by rising temperatures caused by greenhouse gas emissions, scientists say.
科學家們指出，由於溫室氣體排放導致氣溫上升，像這樣的熱浪可能成為歐洲的新常態。
A group of European scientists concluded that the June heat wave was made at least five times more likely because of climate change -- and perhaps 100 times more likely.
一個由歐洲科學家組成的團隊得出結論稱，氣候變化使六月歐洲經歷的熱浪發生的可能性至少增加了五倍，或許是100倍。
France's weather service also made the link, issuing a warning that without serious carbon dioxide reductions, heat waves could become more intense and frequent than in the past.
法國氣象局也將此聯繫起來，並發出警告說，如果不嚴格控制二氧化碳的排放，熱浪可能會比過去更加強烈和頻繁。
Mass disruption
大規模破壞
While temperatures around 100 degrees Fahrenheit might not seem high in comparison to some other parts of the world, they are way above seasonal averages for much of Europe.
儘管與世界其他地區相比，華氏100度左右的氣溫似乎並不高，但在歐洲大部分地區，這一溫度遠高於季節平均水平。
Many European cities are not designed to deal with such temperatures. Less than 5% of all European households have been air-conditioned, according to a 2017 report, and public transport can grind to a halt in intense heat.
許多歐洲城市的規劃並不能應對這樣的溫度。根據2017年的一份報告，只有不到5%的歐洲家庭安裝了空調，在酷熱的天氣下，公共運輸可能會停止運行。
Amid the sweltering heat, trains were canceled in a number of European countries due to risk of derailment.
在酷熱的天氣中，由於可能存在列車脫軌的危險，許多歐洲國家的火車班次都被取消了。
A Eurostar train traveling from Belgium to London broke down on Wednesday, trapping passengers in 40 degrees Celsius heat, without air conditioning.
周三，一列從比利時開往倫敦的歐洲之星列車發生故障，乘客被困在40攝氏度的高溫下，沒有空調。
Network Rail, which operates the UK's rail infrastructure, said that track temperatures in and around London were set to exceed 50 Celsius (122 degrees Fahrenheit), almost double the average summer rail temperature in the UK.
負責運營英國鐵路基礎設施的「網絡鐵路」表示，倫敦市內及周邊地區的鐵路溫度將超過50攝氏度(122華氏度)，幾乎是英國夏季鐵路平均溫度的兩倍。
Railway tracks expand in heat and are prone to buckling when temperatures rise.
鐵軌受熱膨脹，當溫度升高時容易彎曲。
It is not just public transport that is grinding to a halt because of the heat. In southern France, EDF energy group closed its nuclear power plant as temperatures rose above 40 Celsius (104 Fahrenheit).
不僅僅是公共運輸因為高溫而陷入停運。在法國南部，法國電力能源集團關閉了其核電站，原因是溫度升已至40攝氏度(104華氏度)以上。
Health risks
健康風險
Heat waves pose serious health risks and can cause cardiovascular and respiratory systems to fail, resulting in premature death, Clare Heaviside, of the University of Oxford's Environmental Change Institute (ECI), told CNN.
牛津大學環境變化研究所的克萊爾•希維希德在接受CNN採訪時表示，熱浪會帶來嚴重的健康風險，並可能引發心血管和呼吸系統衰竭，導致過早死亡。
Elderly people are most at risk as they are more prone to heatstroke. Experts advise they should keep windows closed and pull blinds down during the hottest part of the day.
老年人的風險最大，因為他們更容易中暑。專家建議，在一天最熱的時候，應該把窗戶關好，拉下窗簾。
Planning for extreme weather
應對極端天氣的計劃
European countries must accept the reality of climate change and learn to adapt to extreme weather events, according to Dr Friederike Otto, director of the ECI.
ECI主任弗裡德裡克•奧託博士表示，歐洲國家必須接受氣候變化的現實，並學會適應極端天氣事件。
Otto said that France took important mitigation measures after a heat wave in 2003 contributed to tens of thousands of premature deaths.
奧託指出，2003年的一場熱浪導致數萬人過早死亡，之後法國採取了重要的緩解措施。
Paolo Ruti, a climate scientist at the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), told CNN that cities could adopt a host of measures to reduce heat impacts, including installing mist spray systems at bus stops and stations, as well as whitening roofs, which would help cool buildings.
世界氣象組織的氣候科學家保羅•魯迪告訴CNN，城市可以採取一系列措施來減少高溫影響，包括在公交車站和車站安裝噴霧系統，以及白化屋頂，這將有助於建築物降溫。
It's not just heat waves, and it's not just Europe. Countries around the world are experiencing extreme weather catastrophes that threaten to render entire regions unlivable -- India is between extreme drought and fatal flooding, 157 million Americans were gripped by a stifling heat wave last week, and the Arctic is facing "unprecedented' wildfires.
不僅僅是熱浪，也不僅僅是歐洲。世界各國都在經歷著極端天氣災難，這些災難有可能使某一地區無法居住，目前，印度正受到極端乾旱和致命洪水的雙重侵害，有1.57億美國人在上周被令人窒息的熱浪吞噬，而北極則正面臨「前所未有的」野火侵襲。
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