形容詞、副詞是高考中語法填空、短文改錯這些非選擇題必考的考點。縱觀近年高考,每年在這兩個題型中都會同時出現,具有不可輕視的地位,一般都是送分的,考生們如能掌握這些知識,就可以輕鬆得分。下面就給大家分別介紹形容詞和副詞考點。
一 形容詞考點:作定語、表語、比較級和最高級。
(一) 作定語:形容詞一般放在名詞前作定語。1. (2019卷Ⅲ)They also shared with us many __________(tradition) stories about Hawaii
分析:本題中tradition為名詞,意為「傳統」,現在位於另外一個名詞stories前面,應該變成它的形容詞traditional。
但是在下列情況中,作定語的形容詞要放在其所修飾的名詞之後:
1.以a一開頭的形容詞作定語時要後置,常見的有alive、afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake等。如:
He must be the best violinist alive.(他一定是當代最好的小提琴手了。)
2. 形容詞修飾不定代詞時後置。如:
Anyone intelligent can do it.(任何有頭腦的人都能做這件事。)
3.形容詞性短語作定語時要後置。如:
I think he is a man suitable for the job.(我認為他很適合做這項工作。)
注意:else用來修飾複合代詞、疑問代詞等時,必須後置。如:
Little else remains to be done.(剩下沒什麼要做的事了。)
(二)作表語:在系動詞後作表語。考例2. (2019卷Ⅱ)It’s ____________(wonder).
分析:本題中wonder位於系動詞is後面,做表語成分,所以應該改成形容詞wonderful。
大家知道,常用的系表結構是由兩部分構成:系動詞和表語。
1.系動詞(分為三類):
1)be動詞及表狀態的詞:am、is、are、was、were、remain、stay、keep等;
2)感官動詞:sound、look、taste、feel、smell等;
3)表變化的動詞:appear、become、grow、get、turn、go、come等。
注意:有一些動詞既可以作系動詞,又可以作及物動詞和不及物動詞;系動詞常用主動表示被動,且沒有進行時。如:
He is growing very fast.(不及物動詞)
I am growing apples in my backyard.(及物動詞)
The sea is growing rough.(系動詞)
He is tastin2 the food.(及物動詞)
The food tastes good.(連繫動詞)
Tasting good,the fruits sell well.(taste作系動詞,沒有被動形式)
2.表語:
在高考考查過程中,充當表語的常是形容詞。
注意:一般以ly結尾的為副詞,但是daily、weekly、friendly、
lovely、lively、monthly等除外;使役動詞轉換來的形容詞-ing形式表示「令人,使人……的」,-ed形式表示「人……(狀態)」,
如:surprising/surprised;worrying/worried;disappointingdisappointed;shocking/shocked等。如:
Everyone was very friendly towards me.(每個人都對我十分友好。)
This is a worrying day.(這是令人擔憂的一天。)
He was worried about his score.(他很擔憂自己的分數。)
Father was so pleased that he suggested I go at once.(父親太高興了,於是他建議我趕緊走。)
(三)形容詞的比較級和最高級例3 (2019卷Ⅰ)leading to the illusion(錯覺) that populations are ________(high) than they actually are.
例4 (2018卷II) Corn uses less water ______rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff.
例5 (2018卷III)He screams the _________ (loud) of all.
分析:例3中high在句中作表語,而且後面有一個than表示比較概念,所以要把high改成higher。例4中根據前面的less可知本題應該填入一個than表示比較。在例5中,根據後面的of all(在所有人當中),可知這裡應該用最高級loudest.
1.注意不規則形容詞的比較級和最高級的拼寫。如:
far—farther(表距離上)/further(表程度上)一farthest/furthest
good/well—better—best
bad—worse—worst
2.形容詞最高級前面一定要填the,the後面給出的形容詞一定是最高級形式,而副詞最高級前的the則可有可無。如:
Andy is content with the toy.It is the best he has ever got.
3.even/much/a lot/any(常在否定句和疑問句中)等修飾比較級,所以後面常跟比較級。
如:The screen turned even brighter. (屏幕變得更亮了。)
The crop was growing much slower
than he expected.(莊稼的長勢比他的預期慢多了。)
I feel a lot better now.(我現在感到好多了。)
Is that any better?(情況好點了嗎?)
二 副詞考查:修飾動詞、形容詞和其它副詞
例6 (2019卷Ⅰ)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ______(poor) studied
例7 (2019卷Ⅲ) They also shared with us many traditional stories about Hawaii that were ______(huge) popular with tourists.
分析:例6中poor放在動詞study前面修飾動詞,所以應該改成副詞形式poorly。而例7中的huge放在形容詞popular前面,應該用副詞hugely來修飾形容詞。
如:
He spoke English fluently.(他的英語說得很流利。)
It’s extremely cold.(今天非常冷。)
I’m terribly disappointed at the news. (我對這個消息非常失望。)
He works very hard.(他非常努力地工作。)
They were getting along fairly well with each other.(他們相處得很不錯。)
注意:形容詞變成副詞,要注意正確書寫副詞,否則無論是短文改錯題還是語法填空題都很難得分。規律如下:
★直接加ly:
fortunate—fortunately;unfortunate—unfortunately;immediate—immediately;complete—completely;entire—entirely;extreme—extremely;private—privately等。
★去e加ly:
true—truly;who1e—who1ly(高中詞彙中只有這兩個,其餘以e結尾且不是以le結尾的詞都直接加ly)。
★輔音字母加y結尾,變y為i加ly:
happy——happily;lucky——luckily;easy——easily等。
★以le結尾的形容詞,變e為y成為副詞:
terrible—terribly;possible—possibly;impossible impossibly;probable—probably;
horrible—horribly;comfortable—comfortably;sensible—sensibly;simple—simply;
flexible—flexibly等。
以上是關於形容詞和副詞高考中的一些考點,大家掌握沒有?歡迎大家繼續關注有關高考英語知識。