來源：頸肩腰腿痛專業治療
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Raynaud's Phenomenon and Disease
雷諾現象和雷諾病
Overview（概述）
Raynaud's phenomenon is an exaggerated form of vasoconstriction - the body's natural response to cold and stress. It results from a spasm of the small arteries that supply blood to the fingers. This spasm temporarily decreases blood flow, resulting in cold, painful, and discolored fingers.
血管收縮是身體對寒冷和應激的一種自然反應，但如果這種反應過度，則形成雷諾現象。它是由於為手指供血的小動脈痙攣引起的。這種痙攣會暫時減少血流量，導致手指發冷、疼痛和變色。
How It Occurs（雷諾現象是如何發生的）
Vasoconstriction is a normal process that is triggered when the body encounters a cold environment. The sympathetic nervous system causes the blood vessels in the extremities to constrict, keeping blood and warmth in the body's core. Raynaud's phenomenon is a misfiring of this process, causing abnormal vasoconstriction.
血管收縮是身體遇到寒冷環境時觸發的正常過程。交感神經系統使四肢的血管收縮，保持身體核心區域的血供和溫暖。雷諾現象是這個過程的失靈，導致異常的血管收縮。
Causes（原因）
Raynaud's phenomenon can be caused by several medical conditions that affect the vascular system of the hands, including lupus and other connective tissue diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, arterial disease, and trauma. It can also be caused by smoking and by taking certain medications.
雷諾現象可由一些影響手部血管系統的疾病引起，包括狼瘡和其他結締組織疾病、類風溼性關節炎、動脈疾病和創傷。它還可以由吸菸和服用某些藥物引起。
Raynaud's Disease（雷諾病）
Raynaud's disease, a condition often confused with Raynaud's phenomenon, also results in vasoconstriction of the fingers. But while Raynaud's phenomenon is caused by an underlying medical condition, Raynaud's disease occurs without any underlying medical condition - its cause is not fully understood. Attacks of Raynaud's disease are triggered by cold and stress, and are most common in young women.
雷諾病，是一種經常與雷諾現象混淆的疾病，也導致手指血管收縮。但是，雷諾現象是由潛在的疾病引起的，而雷諾病的發生並沒有任何潛在的疾病。其原因尚未完全清楚。雷諾病的發作是由感冒和壓力引起的，在年輕女性中最常見。
Symptoms(症狀）
Symptoms of Raynaud's phenomenon and Raynaud's disease are similar. The most common symptom is hypersensitivity to cold and stress that results in a color change in the skin of the affected fingers. During an attack, the skin of the affected fingers typically turns white, then blue, then red - however, not all people experience all of these color changes, and not all people experience this particular sequence of colors. The affected area may also feel painful during the attack. An attack may be brief, lasting less than a minute, or it may last for several hours. Raynaud's disease typically affects both hands, but Raynaud's phenomenon typically affects only one. In severe cases, Raynaud's phenomenon can progress to cause thinning of the skin, ulcerations, and fingertip necrosis.
雷諾現象和雷諾病的症狀相似。最常見的症狀是對寒冷和壓力過敏，導致受影響的手指皮膚顏色變化。在發作期間，受影響的手指的皮膚通常變白，然後變藍，然後變紅——然而，並非所有人都經歷過這些顏色變化，也不是所有人都經歷過這種特定的顏色變化順序。受影響的區域在發作過程也會感到疼痛。發作可能是短暫的，持續時間不到一分鐘，也可能持續數小時。雷諾病通常影響雙手，但雷諾現象通常只影響一隻手。在嚴重病例中，雷諾現象可進展導致皮膚變薄、潰瘍和指尖壞死。
Diagnosis（診斷）
It is important for a physician to differentiate between Raynaud's phenomenon and Raynaud's disease by studying a detailed medical history of the patient and the patient's symptoms. Blood tests and vascular studies may also be required. Once the condition has been diagnosed, the physician can determine the correct treatment plan.
醫生通過研究病人的詳細病史和病人的症狀來區分雷諾現象和雷諾病是很重要的。血液檢查和血管研究也是必要的。一旦診斷出病情，醫生就可以確定正確的治療方案。
Treatment（治療）
Treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon and Raynaud's disease typically begins with activity modification. Quitting smoking, avoiding cold environments, and wearing protective garments such as gloves or mittens will be recommended. Using biofeedback techniques to control the body's reaction to stress may also help control the condition. Medications may be used to dilate the blood vessels and decrease vasoconstriction. For severe cases, microvascular artery reconstruction or sympathetic nerve release may be required to restore normal blood flow to the fingers.
雷諾現象和雷諾病的治療通常首先進行活動方式的改變。建議戒菸、避免寒冷環境；穿戴手套或連指手套等防護服。使用生物反饋技術來控制身體對壓力的反應也有助於控制病情。藥物可用於擴張血管和減少血管收縮。對於嚴重病例，可能需要微血管重建或交感神經松解來恢復手指的正常血流。
（胡佰文 譯）