The Fracture of Highly Deformable Soft Materials: A Tale of Two Length Scales
Rong Long, Chung-Yuen Hui, Jian Ping Gong, and Eran Bouchbinder*
Email：Eran.Bouchbinder@weizmann.ac.ilDOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-042020-023937Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
ABSTRACT
The fracture of highly deformable soft materials is of great practical importance in a wide range of technological applications, emerging in fields such as soft robotics, stretchable electronics, and tissue engineering. From a basic physics perspective, the failure of these materials poses fundamental challenges due to the strongly nonlinear and dissipative deformation involved. In this review, we discuss the physics of cracks in soft materials and highlight two length scales that characterize the strongly nonlinear elastic and dissipation zones near crack tips in such materials.We discuss physical processes, theoretical concepts, and mathematical results that elucidate the nature of the two length scales and show that the two length scales can classify a wide range of materials. The emerging multiscale physical picture outlines the theoretical ingredients required for the development of predictive theories of the fracture soft materials. We conclude by listing open challenges and future investigation directions.中文簡介：高變形軟材料的斷裂在軟機器人、可拉伸電子、組織工程等領域有著廣泛的應用。從基本物理學的角度來看，這些材料由於強非線性和耗散變形的破壞帶來了根本性的挑戰。本在這篇綜述中，我們討論了軟材料中裂紋的物理性質，並重點介紹了兩種描述這種材料中裂紋尖端附近強非線性彈性和耗散區的長度尺度。我們討論了物理過程、理論概念和數學結果，闡明了這兩種長度尺度的性質，並表明這兩種長度尺度可以對各種材料進行分類。新興的多尺度物理圖像概述了發展斷裂軟材料預測理論所需的理論成分。最後，我們列出了開放式的挑戰和未來的研究方向。