人教版英語選修6重點單詞、短語、句型、課文翻譯全匯總 | 掌握了...

原標題：人教版英語選修6重點單詞、短語、句型、課文翻譯全匯總 | 掌握了，你就是下一個學霸！

今天，小簡老師給同學們整理了人教版英語選修6的知識點，包括了課文翻譯、常考單詞、短語以及重點句型。夯實基礎是高考英語成功的關鍵，趕快學起來吧！

Unit 1 Art

（一）原文+譯文

A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING

西方繪畫藝術簡史

Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. 藝術是受著人民生活習俗和信仰的影響的。 Styles in Western art have changed many times. 西方的藝術風格經歷了多次變革。 As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. 由於西方的藝術風格多種多樣，在短短的一篇課文裡不可能進行全面的描述。

Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD.因此,本文只談及從公元6世紀以來最主要的幾種藝術風格。

The Middle Ages (5th to the 15th century AD) 中世紀(公元5世紀到15世紀)

During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. 在中世紀,畫家的主要任務是把宗教的主題表現出來。 A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. 一個傳統的藝術家無意於如實地展現自然和人物。A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. 那個時期的典型的繪畫充滿了宗教的(象)特徵,體現出了對上帝的愛戴與敬重。 But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.但是,很顯然到了13世紀時,觀念發生變化,像喬託這樣的畫家開始以一種比較現實的風格來畫宗教場景。

The Renaissance (15th to 16th century) 文藝復興時期( 15世紀到16世紀)

本文由簡單高中生（ID：jiandan100cn）整理髮布

During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages. 在文藝復興時期,新的思想和價值觀逐漸取代了中世紀的思想和價值觀。 People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. 人們開始較少關注宗教主題而採取一種更人性化的生活態度。 At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. 同時畫家們回到了羅馬、希臘的古典藝術理念上。 They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. 他們力爭如實地畫出人物和自然。Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. 富人們想擁有自己的藝術品並用來裝飾自己的高級宮殿和豪宅They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements.,他們出價聘請著名藝術家來為自己畫像,畫自己的房屋和其他財物,以及他們的活動和成就。

One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. 在此期間,最重要的發現之一就是如何用透視法來畫出事物。 This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. 這一手法是1428年由馬賽其奧第一次使用的。When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. 當人們第一次看到他的畫時,還以為是透過牆上的小洞來觀看真實的場景,並對此深信不疑。If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. 如沒有發現透視法,人們就不可能畫出如此逼真的畫。 By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. 巧合的是這一時期油畫顏料也得到了發展,它使得繪畫的色彩看上去更豐富、更深沉。 Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. 沒有新的顏料和新的(繪畫)手法,我們就不能看到很多使這一時代著名的傑作。

Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century)印象派時期( 19世紀後期到20世紀初期)

In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. 19世紀後期,歐洲發生了巨大的變化,從以農業為主的社會變成了以工業為主的社會。Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. 許多人從農村遷入到新城市。There were many new inventions and social changes. 有著許多新發明,還有許多社會變革。Naturally, these changes also led to new painting styles. 這些變革也自然而然地促成了新的繪畫風格。Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.在那些突破傳統畫法的畫家中有生活和工作在法國巴黎的印象派畫家。

The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. 印象派畫家是第一批室外寫景的畫家。They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. 他們急切地想把一天中不同時間投射到物體上的光線和陰影呈現出來。However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly. 然而由於自然光的變化很快,印象派畫家們必須很快地作畫,Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters. 因此,他們的畫就不像以前那些畫家們的畫那樣細緻了。 At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry about it. 起初,許多人都不喜歡這種畫法,甚至還怒不可遏。They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous.他們說這些畫家作畫時漫不經心、粗枝大葉,而他們的作品更是荒謬可笑。

Modern Art (20th century to today) 現代藝術(20世紀至今)

At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call "modern art".在印象派作品的創建初期,它們是存在著爭議的,但是如今己被人們接受而成為現在我們所說的「現代藝術」的始祖了。This is because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways. 這是因為印象派鼓勵畫家用一種嶄新的視角看待他們的環境。There are scores of modern art styles, but without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exist. 如今,現代藝術風格有好幾十種,然而如果沒有印象派,那麼這許多不同的風格就不可能存在。 On the one hand, some modern art is abstract; that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object, using colour, line and shape to represent them. 一方面,有些現代藝術是抽象的,也就是說,畫家並不打算把我們眼睛看到的東西如實地畫出來,而是集中展現物體的某些品質特性,用色彩、線條和形狀把它們呈現出來。On the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs. 而另一方面,有些現代派的藝術作品卻是那麼寫實,看上去就像是照片。These styles are so different.這些風格如此不同。Who can predict what painting styles there will be in the future?誰能預言將來會有什麼樣的繪畫藝術風格?

（二）重點單詞

1. abstract adj.抽象的；深奧的 n．摘要

2. faith n．信任；信心；信念→faithful adj.忠實的→faithfully adv.忠實地

3. aim n．目標；目的 vi. & vt.瞄準；(向某方向)努力

4. typical adj.典型的；有代表性的

5. adopt vt.採用；採納；收養

6. possess vt.擁有；具有；支配→possession n．擁有

7. coincidence n．巧合(的事)；(事情、口味、故事等)相合→coincident adj.同時發生的；同一時間發生的

8. attempt n．努力；嘗試；企圖 vt.嘗試；企圖

9. predict vt.預言；預告；預測→prediction n．預言→predictor n．預言者

10. specific adj.確切的；特定的

11. exhibition n．展覽；陳列；展覽會

12. preference n．喜愛；偏愛→prefer v．喜愛

13. appeal vi.有感染力；呼籲；求助 vt.將……上訴 n．呼籲；懇求

14. civilization n．文明；文化；文明社會→civilize v．使文明；使開化

15. visual adj.視覺的；看得見的→invisual adj.看不見的

16. contemporary adj.當代的；同時代的

（三）重點短語

1. in the abstract 抽象地，理論上

abstract sth. from sth. 從…中提取…

2. as well as 也，同，和；同…一樣

3. aim at sth. 瞄準 aim to do sth. 意欲，企圖做某事 aim at doing sth. with the aim of 帶有……的目的

4. focus on=concentrate on 集中

5. convince sb. Of 使某人信服

6. a great deal (of) 大量

7. in the flesh 活著的 本人

8. take the place of sb. = replace 代替，取代 take one’s place 代替，取代；入座；就位

9. break away from 脫離，擺脫，放棄

10. at the same time 同時；但是

11. would rather do sth （主語）寧願做某事 would rather sb. did sth. 寧願某人做某事(現在或將來) would rather sb. had done sth. 寧願某人做某事(過去)

12. as a consequence =in consequence = as a result 結果 as a consequence of =in consequence of =as a result of 由於…的原因

13. in possession of 擁有… in the possession of sb =in one’s possession 為某人所擁有 take/ have possession of 擁有（佔有）

14. consider doing 考慮做某事consider sb./sth. to be/as consider that-clause 認為，看待consider it adj./n.＋to do sth.

15. be well worth doing 值得…(表被動)

16. be contemporary with 與…屬同時期

17. convince sb. of sth使某人確信/明白某事convince sb. +that clause 使某人相信…convince sb.to do sth. 說服某人做某事

15. attempt to do sth. 企圖做某事

16. on the one hand…on the other hand… 一方面…另一方面…

17. scores of 許多，大量

18. not only……but also 不但……而且

19. every two years 每兩年 every second year every other year

20. be (well) worth n./doing(主動表被動) …值得

（四）重點句型

1. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered,_no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures.如果沒有發現透視法，就沒有人能畫出如此逼真的畫。

2. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists,_who lived and worked in Paris.

在那些突破傳統畫法的畫家中有生活和工作在法國巴黎的印象派畫家。

3. Many art lovers would rather visit this small art gallery than any other in New York.許多藝術愛好者寧願參觀這個小藝術館而不參觀紐約其他的藝術館。

4. It is amazing that so many great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century are housed in the same museum.令人驚奇的是，從19世紀後期到21世紀的如此眾多的藝術名品竟都被同一家博物館收藏。

Unit 2 Poems

（一）原文+譯文

A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS

簡體英文詩

There are various reasons why people write poetry. 人們寫詩有著各種各樣的理由。 Some poems tell a story or describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression. 有些詩是為了敘事，或者說是描述某件事並給讀者以強烈的印象。 Others try to convey certain emotions. 而有些詩則是為了傳達某種感情。Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves. 詩人用許多不同風格的詩來表達自己的情感。In this text, however, we will look at a few of the simpler forms. 本文只談了幾種格式比較簡單的詩。

Some of the first poetry a young child learns in English is nursery rhymes. 孩子們最早學習的英文詩是童謠。 These rhymes like the one on the right (A) are still a common type of children's poetry. 像右邊的這首童謠（A）至今仍然是常見的。 The language is concrete but imaginative, and they delight small children because they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition. 童謠的語言具體但富有想像力，這使得小孩子們快樂，因為它們押韻，節奏感強，並較多重複。The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. 童謠不一定有什麼意義，甚至有的看來自相矛盾，但是它們容易學，也容易背誦。By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language. 通過童謠中的文字遊戲，孩子們學習了語言。

本文由簡單高中生（ID：jiandan100cn）整理髮布

（A）

Hush, little baby, don't say a word,小寶寶，別說話，

Papa's going to buy you a mockingbird.爸爸給你買個小嘲鳥。

If that mockingbird won't sing,小嘲鳥，不會唱，

Papa's going to buy you a diamond ring.爸爸給你買個鑽石戒。

If that diamond ring turns to brass,鑽石戒，變成銅，

Papa's going to buy you a looking-glass.爸爸給你買個小鏡子。

If that looking-glass gets broke,小鏡子，打破了，

Papa's going to buy you a billy-goat.爸爸給你買個小山羊。

If that billy-goat runs away,小山羊，跑掉了。

Papa's going to buy you another today.爸爸今天再去給你買一隻。

One of the simplest kinds of poems are those like B and C that list things.像（B）和（C）這樣的列舉事物的清單詩是詩歌中最簡單的一種。List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.清單詩可長可短，可以重複一些短語，較為靈活。形成固定句型和詩的節奏。Some rhyme (like B) while others do not (like C).有些清單詩有韻腳（如B）,但有一些沒有（如C）。

（B）

I saw a fish- pond all on fire我看到魚塘在燃燒

I saw a fish-pond all on fire,我看到魚塘在燃燒，

I saw a house bow to a squire,我看到房子向地主哈腰，

I saw a person twelve-feet high,我看到人高一丈八，

I saw a cottage in the sky,我看到茅屋在天郊。

I saw a balloon made of lead,我看到氣球用鉛做，

I saw a coffin drop down dead,我看到棺材把死人拋。

I saw two sparrows run a race,我看到兩隻麻雀在賽跑，

I saw two horses making lace,我看到兩匹馬兒繡花包。

I saw a girl just like a cat,我看到姑娘像只貓，

I saw a kitten wear a hat,我看到小貓帶花帽。

I saw a man who saw these too,我看到有人在一旁瞄，

And said though strange they all were true.雖奇怪，但也把實情報。

（C）

Our first football match我們的第一場球賽

We would have won ...我們本來會得冠軍……

if Jack had scored that goal,如果傑克踢進了那個球，

if we'd had just a few more minutes,如果我們還有幾分鐘，

if we had trained harder,如果我們訓練的更嚴格，

if Ben had passed the ball to Joe,如果本把球傳給了喬，

if we'd had thousands of fans screaming,如果有大批球迷助威，

if I hadn't taken my eye off the ball,如果我死死盯住球，

if we hadn't stayed up so late the night before,如果我們頭晚不熬夜，

if we hadn't taken it easy,如果我們沒有放鬆警惕，

if we hadn't run out of energy.如果我們沒有精疲力竭，

We would have won ...我們本來是會的冠軍的……

if we'd been better!如果我們能幹的更好！

Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain, a poem made up of five lines.另外一種學生容易寫的簡體詩是由五行組成的，叫做五行詩。 With these, students can convey a strong picture in just a few words. 用五行詩，學生可以用少量的詞語傳遞一幅動人的畫面。Look at the examples (D and E) on the top of the next page.請看下一頁上端的D和E兩個例子。

（D）

Brother兄弟

Beautiful, athletic愛美，又愛運動

Teasing, shouting, laughing愛鬧，愛叫，又愛笑

Friend and enemy too是我的朋友

Mine也是我的敵人

（E）

Summer夏天

Sleepy, salty睏乏，鹹澀

Drying, drooping, dreading乾涸，枯萎，恐怖

Week in, week out周而復始

Endless永無止境

Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that is made up of 17 syllables.俳句詩（Haiku）是一種日本詩，由17個音節組成。It is not a traditional form of English poetry, but is very popular with English writers.它不屬於英詩的傳統形式，但是在用英語寫作的人們中間，這種詩也是很流行的。It is easy to write and, like the cinquain , can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using the minimum of words.它容易寫，而且像五行詩一樣，它可以用最少的詞語呈現出一幅清晰的畫面，表達出一種特殊的感情。The two haiku poems (F and G) above are translations from the Japanese.下面兩首俳句詩（右邊的F和G）就是從日文翻譯過來的。

（F）

A fallen blossom落下的花朵

Is coming back to the branch.回到了樹枝上。

Look, a butterfly!瞧啊，是只蝴蝶！

( by Moritake)（作者：Moritake）

（G）

Snow having melted,雪兒融化了，

The whole village is brimful整個村莊充滿著

Of happy children.歡樂的兒童。

(by Issa)（作者：Issa）

Did you know that English speakers also enjoy other forms of Asian poetry - Tang poems from China in particular?你知道嗎？說英語的人也喜歡其他類型的亞洲詩，尤其是中國的唐詩，A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English.許多唐詩已經被翻譯成英文了。This Tang poem (H) is a translation from the Chinese.下面這首唐詩（H）就是從中文翻譯過來的。

（H）

Where she awaits her husband望夫石

(by Wang Jian)王健

On and on the river flows.望夫處，江悠悠。

Never looking back,Transformed into stone.化為石，不回頭。

Day by day upon the mountain top,wind and rain revolve.山頭日日風復雨，

Should the traveller return,this stone would utter speech.行人歸來石應語。

With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, students may eventually want to write poems of their own.有了這麼多可供選擇的詩歌類型，學生們最終也許想自己作詩了。It is easier than you might think and certainly worth a try!寫詩比你想像的要容易，絕對值得一試。

（二）重點單詞

1. convey vt.傳達；運送

2. concrete adj.具體的

3. contradictory adj.引起矛盾的；好反駁的

4. flexible adj.靈活的；可彎曲的；柔順的

5. pattern n．模式；式樣；圖案

6. tease vi. & vt.取笑；招惹；戲弄

7. branch n．枝條；支流；部門

8. eventually adv.最後；終於

9. transform vi. & vt.轉化；轉換；改造；變換→transformation n．轉化

10. sorrow n．悲傷；悲痛；懊悔→sorrowful adj.悲傷的

11. appropriate adj.適當的；正當的

12. exchange n．交換；交流；互換 vt. & vi.調換；交換

13. sponsor n．贊助人；主辦者；倡議者 vt.發起；舉辦；倡議

14. load n．負擔；負荷物(尤指沉重的)

（三）重點短語

1.go over 複習，檢查

2. make sense 　有意義，說得通

(Sb.) make sense of sth　理解……　　　　

(Sth.) make sense to sb. 有意義，說得通

3. recite / read / explain sth. to sb. 給某人背誦/讀 / 解釋……

4. couvey one`s emtions　表達情感

5. bow to … 向鞠躬 / 屈服

6. stay/sit up　　熬夜

7. take it easy = take things easy　

放輕鬆，別緊張　　

take one`s time 別著急,慢慢來

8. (Sb.) run out of　sth.　 用完，耗盡（及物）(Sth.) run out 用完（不及物）make up組成 / 編造 / 化妝 / 彌補 / 和解 be made up of = consist of …由……組成

10. a few more minutes 再多幾分鐘

11. be popular with … = be well received by … 很受歡迎

12. be brimful of = be full of … 充滿

13. translate A into B　　把Ａ翻譯成Ｂ

14. week in ,week out一周又一周 day by day 一天又一天

15. on and on 繼續不停地

16. by chance / accident 碰巧

17. hold on 繼續 / 別掛斷(電話)

18. (Sb. / Sth.) be likely to do sth. 有可能…..

19. try out試驗 try on試穿

20. let out 洩漏 / 發出(聲音) / 釋放 / 放寬(衣服)

21. look forward to 盼望

（四）重點句型

1.There are various reasons why people write poetry.

人們會寫詩有種種原因。

2.Some rhyme(like B) while others do not(like C)．

有些詩押韻(像B)，但也有些不是這樣(像C)。

3.And said though strange they all were true.

而且他說雖然這有些離奇，但卻真實。

4.With so many different forms of poetry to choose from,_students may eventually want to write poems of their own.因為有許多不同類型的詩可以選擇，學生們可能最後都想寫他們自己的詩歌了。

Unit 3 A healthy life

（一）原文+譯文

ADVICE FROM GRANDAD爺爺的忠告

Dear James, 親愛的詹姆士：

It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden. 今天這兒的天氣很好。現在我正坐在花園盡頭的那棵大樹底下呢。 I have just returned from a long bike ride to an old castle. 我剛剛才回來，騎自行車跑了很長一段路，一直到了古城堡。It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon. 感到驚奇吧，像我這樣的年紀，身體健康而且能在一個下午騎車跑20公裡。It's my birthday in two weeks time and I'll be 82 years old! 再過兩個禮拜就是我82歲的生日了！ I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live. 我想我之所以長壽而且精力充沛，要歸功於我的健康生活。

This brings me to the real reason for my letter, my dear grandson. 這就是我寫信給你的真正原因，我親愛的孫子。Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give it up. 你媽媽告訴我，你不久前開始吸菸了，而且現在很難把它戒掉。 Believe me, I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop. 相信我吧，我知道，吸菸容易戒菸難。 You see, during adolescence I also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes. 你知道，當我還是一個十幾歲的孩子的時候，我也吸過煙，而且還上了癮。

By the way, did you know that this is because you become addicted in three different ways? 這兒我想順便問你一個問題，你知道上癮有三個方面的原因嗎？ First, you can become physically addicted to nicotine, which is one of the hundreds of chemicals in cigarettes. 首先，你會在身體上對尼古丁有癮，它是香菸裡幾百種化學物質之一。 This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it. 這句是說，過一段時間以後，你的身體習慣了香菸裡的尼古丁， So when the drug leaves your body, you get withdrawal symptoms. 一旦你的體內沒有這種麻醉劑了，你就會有斷癮症狀， I remember feeling bad-tempered and sometimes even in pain. 我記得曾感到煩躁、甚至痛苦。Secondly, you become addicted through habit. 其次你也可能因為習慣的原因而上癮。As you know, if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically. 你知道，如果你反反覆覆地做同一件事情，你就會自動地做它。Lastly, you can become mentally addicted. 最後，你可以心理上癮。 I believed I was happier and more relaxed after having a cigarette, so I began to think that I could only feel good when I smoked. 我那時認為，抽了一支煙後就會感到更輕鬆愉快，於是我就以為抽菸才能使自己感覺良好。 I was addicted in all three ways, so it was very difficult to quit. 我之所以上癮就有著這三個方面的原因，因此，要戒菸就很難。But I did finally manage.但是我終於還是戒掉了。

When I was young, I didn't know much about the harmful effects of smoking. 在我年輕的時候，關於吸菸的危害性我知道的並不多。 I didn't know, for example, that it could do terrible damage to your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant. 例如，我不知道抽菸能嚴重侵害人的心臟和肺部，也不知道吸菸的夫婦生育能力會下降。 I certainly didn't know their babies may have a smaller birth weight or even be abnormal in some way. 我當然不知道他們的嬰兒在出生時可能體重較輕或某些方面不正常。Neither did I know that my cigarette smoke could affect the health of non-smokers. 我更不知道，我自己吸菸還會損害那些不吸菸人的健康。However, what I did know was that my girlfriend thought I smelt terrible. 然而我的的確確知道，我的女朋友覺得我的煙味很難聞。 She said my breath and clothes smelt, and that the ends of my fingers were turning yellow. 她說我的呼吸、我的衣服都有味道，而且我的手指頭都變黃了。 She told me that she wouldn't go out with me again unless I stopped! 她說在我把煙戒掉之前不會跟我一起出去。I also noticed that I became breathless quickly, and that I wasn't enjoying sport as much. 我還注意到我的呼吸變得急促，並且使我不那麼喜愛運動了。 When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time to quit smoking. 而由於我身體不健康被校足球隊除名之後，我才知道該是我戒菸的時候了。I am sending you some advice I found on the Internet. 我把我從網上找到的一些忠告寄給你，也許對你戒菸和堅定決心會有所幫助。It might help you to stop and strengthen your resolve. I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.我的確希望你把煙戒掉，因為我希望你能像我這樣活得健康長壽。

Love from

Grandad愛你的爺爺

How can you stop smoking?你怎樣才能戒菸呢？

It is not easy to stop smoking, but millions have managed to quit and so can you.戒菸不容易，但許許多多的人都成功地戒掉了煙，所以你也能。Here are a few suggestions.這兒有幾點建議：

·Prepare yourself.做好準備。Decide on a day to quit.確定一個開始戒菸的日子。Don’t choose a day that you know is going to be stressful, such as the day of an exam.不要選擇你明知有壓力的日子，例如要考試的那一天。Make a list of all the benefits you will get from stopping smoking.把戒菸的好處開列一個清單。Then throw away your last packet of cigarettes.在你計劃戒菸的前一天，把你最後一包香菸扔掉。

·Be determined. 下定決心。Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker. 每當你想要吸菸的時候，你就提醒你自己，你（已經）是不吸菸的人了。Reread the list of benefits you wrote earlier.把你早先寫的那個戒菸的好處的清單反覆地看一看。

·Break the habit.破除舊習。Instead of smoking a cigarette, do something else. 不要抽菸，而去幹點別的事情，Go for a walk, clean your teeth, drink some water, clean the house, 去散散步、刷刷牙、喝點水、打掃房間。In fact, do anything to keep your mind and especially your hands busy.其實，只要是能使你的腦，特別是手不得閒的事情，你都可以去做。

·Relax.放鬆休息。If you start to feel nervous or stressed, do not reach for a cigarette. 如果你開始感到緊張有壓力了，這時你也不要伸手去拿香菸。Try some deep breathing instead. 試著做做深呼吸。Do some relaxation exercises every time you feel stressed. 每當你感到緊張了，就去做做放鬆運動。

·Get help if you need it. 必要時找人幫忙。Arrange to stop smoking with a friend so you can talk about your problems, or join a stop-smoking group. 同朋友一起安排戒菸，這樣你們可以談談你的問題。你也可以參加一個戒菸小組。 If you feel desperate, you might like to talk to a doctor or chemist about something to help you, like nicotine chewing gun.如果你的確感到沒法辦，你還可以找一個醫生或藥劑師來談談，幫你想點辦法，如含尼古丁的口香糖等。

·Keep trying.繼續努力。Do not be disappointed if you have to try several times before you finally stop smoking. 即使非得經過多次戒菸才能最後把它戒掉，你也不要失去希望。If you weaken and have a cigarette, do not feel ashamed. 如果你因意志衰弱而又抽菸了，也不要覺得難為情。 Just try again. You will succeed eventually.那就再努力戒就是了。最終你是會成功的。

（二）重點單詞

1. abuse n. & vt.濫用；虐待

2. stress n．壓力；重音 vt.加壓力於；使緊張→stressful adj.產生壓力的；緊張的→stressed adj.焦慮不安的

3. adolescent n．青少年 adj.青春期的→adolescence n．青春期

4. ban vt.禁止；取締 n．禁令；譴責

5. due adj.欠款的；預定的；到期的

6. addicted adj.入了迷的；上了癮的→addict n．有癮的人→addiction n．沉溺；嗜好

7. accustom vt.使習慣於→accustomed adj.慣常的；習慣了的

8. automatic adj.無意識的；自動的→_automatically adv.無意識地；自動地

9. mental adj.精神的；智力的→mentally adv.精神上；智力上

10. quit vt.停止(做某事)；離開

11. effect n．結果；效力

12. strengthen vt.加強；鞏固；使堅強 vi.變強→strength n．力氣→strong adj.強壯的

13. desperate adj.絕望的；拼命的

14. disappointed adj.失望的；沮喪的→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappoint vt.使失望；使掃興→disappointment n．失望

15. ashamed adj.感到慚愧或羞恥的→shame n．羞愧→shameful adj.可恥的→shameless adj.無恥的，厚顏的

16. judgement n．看法；判決；判斷→judge v．判斷

17. embarrassed adj.尷尬的；陷入困境的→embarrass v．(使)尷尬→embarrassment尷尬

18. awkward adj.侷促不定的；笨拙的

（三）重點短語

1. due to 由於；歸功於

2. be/become addicted to 對……有癮

3. decide on 對……做出決定

4. be/become/grow accustomed to sth./doing sth. 習慣於某事/做某事

5. feel like (doing) 想要（做）

6. in spite of 不管；不顧

7. stand for 支持；代表

8. get (sb.) into (sth.) 陷入；染上壞習慣；進入

get into the way/habit of doing sth. 學成做某事的方法/養成做某事的習慣

9. be ashamed of/that.…為……感到慚愧/羞愧 be ashamed to do sth. 羞於做某事

10.take off 開除/脫衣/起飛/取消/休假

11.quit (doing) sth. 停止做某事

12.at risk處在危險之中 take risks(a risk) 冒險

13.manage to do sth. 設法做好/設法辦到某事

14.so far 到目前為止（與現在完成時連用）

15.make sure 確定；查明；弄明白

16.prevent sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事

17.every time 每次；每當…

（四）重點句型

1. Why do you think some adolescents start smoking? 你認為有些青少年為什麼會開始吸菸？

2. I knew it was time to quit smoking. 我知道該戒菸了。

3. I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.我真希望你能那樣做，因為我盼著你也能像我一樣長壽健康。

4. Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a nonsmoker.每當你想要吸菸的時候，你就提醒你自己；你(已經)是不吸菸的人了。

5. It is no good crying over spilt milk.覆水難收。

6. It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick.

只有當這種病毒發展成愛滋病時，人才會顯出病態。

Unit 4　Global warming

（一）原文+譯文

THE EARTH IS BECOMING WARMER-BUT DOES IT MATTER?

全球在變暖——這會帶來什麼影響嗎？

本文由簡單高中生（ID：jiandan100cn）整理髮布

During the 20th century the temperature of the earth rose about one degree Fahrenheit.在20世紀期間，地球溫度大約升了華氏1度。That probably does not seem much to you or me, but it is a rapid increase when compared to other natural changes.這個數值對你我來說很可能是無所謂的，但是跟其他自然變化相比較而言，這卻是一種快速的增長。So how has this come about and does it matter?那麼，這種溫度的增長是怎麼產生的呢？會產生什麼影響呢？Earth Care’s Sophie Armstrong explores these questions. 「關愛地球」組織的索菲·阿姆斯特朗就在探究這些問題。

There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.毫無疑問，地球是在變暖（見表一，略），而地球變暖正是人類活動導致而成的，並非是一種無規律的自然現象。

All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth's temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy.所有的科學家贊同這種觀點：人們為了生產能量而燃燒化石燃料（如煤、天然氣和石油等），從而引起了地球溫度的升高。Some byproducts of this process are called "greenhouse" gases, the most important one of which is carbon dioxide.這個升溫的過程的一些副產品就叫做「溫室」氣體，其中作用重要的就是二氧化碳。Dr Janice Foster explains: "There is a natural phenomenon that scientists call the 'greenhouse effect'.賈尼絲·福斯特博士解釋說： 「有一種科學家稱之為『溫室效應』的自然現象。This is when small amounts of gases in the atmosphere, like carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour, trap heat from the sun and therefore warm the earth.這種現象發生在大氣層中少量的氣體（如二氧化碳、甲烷、水蒸氣等）吸收太陽的熱量，因而使地球變暖的時候。Without the 'greenhouse effect', the earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsius cooler than it is.如果沒有這種『溫室效應』，地球的溫度將比現在的溫度還要低33攝氏度左右。So, we need those gases. The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.因此，我們需要這些氣體。當我們在大氣層中增加了大量額外的二氧化碳時，問題就來了。It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up."這意味著更多的熱量被困在大氣層中，從而引起全球溫度上升。」

We know that the levels of carbon dioxide have increased greatly over the last 100 to 150 years. 我們知道，在過去100~150年期間，二氧化碳的含量急劇增加了。 It was a scientist called Charles Keeling, who made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997. 有一位名叫查爾斯·基林的科學家曾經把1957~1997年期間大氣層中二氧化碳的含量作了精確的統計。 He found that between these years the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere went up from around 315 parts to around 370 parts per million(see Graph 2).他發現，在這些年裡，大氣層中的二氧化碳含量從315/1000 000上升到370/1000 000。（見表二，略）

All scientists accept this data. 所有科學家都接受這個數據。They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide. 他們還贊同下述觀點，正是由于越來越多燃燒化石燃料導致了二氧化碳的增加。 So how high will the temperature increase go? 那麼氣溫會升到多高？ Dr Janice Foster says that over the next 100 years the amount of warming could be as low as 1 to 1.5 degrees Celsius, but it could be as high as 5 degrees.福斯特博士說，在今後的100年裡，全球變暖的量可能低到1~1.5攝氏度，但是也有可能高達5攝氏度。

However, the attitude of scientists towards this rise is completely different. 然而，科學家們在對待升溫的態度上卻是大不相同的。 On the one hand, Dr Foster thinks that the trend which increases the temperature by 5 degrees would be a catastrophe. 一方面，福斯特博士認為氣溫升高5度的趨勢可能是一場大災難，She says, "We can't predict the climate well enough to know what to expect, but it could be very serious." 她說：「對於未來的氣候，我們不可能做出精確的預測，但是那時的天氣可能是很糟糕的。」 Others who agree with her think there may be a rise of several metres in the sea level, 同意她的觀點的其他科學家認為，全球變暖會導致海平面上升好幾米；or predict severe storms, floods, droughts, famines, the spread of diseases and the disappearance of species. 也有人預言會出現嚴重的風暴、洪澇、乾旱、饑荒、疫病和物種的滅絕。 On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view, believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air. 在另一方面，還有一些人，像科學家喬治·漢布利，反對上面的觀點，他們認為我們不必擔心空氣中會有高含量的二氧化碳。 They predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences. 他們預言說，變暖的情況不會很嚴重，對環境的影響也不會太壞。 In fact, Hambley states, "More carbon dioxide is actually a positive thing. It will make plants grow quicker; crops will produce more; it will encourage a greater range of animals - all of which will make life for human beings better." 漢布利實際上是這樣說的： 「二氧化碳含量的增加實際上是件好事，它使植物成長更快，莊稼產量更高，還會促進動物的生長——所有這些都能改善人類的生活。」

Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmosphere. 溫室氣體繼續在大氣層中聚集。Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries. 即使我們開始減少二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體的含量，在（未來）幾十年或幾個世紀內，氣候仍會持續轉暖。 No one knows the effects of global warming. 沒有人知道全球變暖帶來什麼樣的影響。Does that mean we should do nothing? 這是不是意味著我們就不必採取任何措施呢？Or, are the risks too great? 還是說，這樣不採取任何措施危險性會很大呢？

（二）重點單詞

1. phenomenon n．現象→phenomena pl.

2. subscribe vi.同意；捐贈；訂閱 vt.(籤署)文件；捐助

3. quantity n．量；數量→quality n．質量；品質

4. tend vi.趨向；易於；照顧 vt.照顧；護理→tendency n．傾向；趨勢

5. trend n．趨勢；傾向；走向

6. oppose vt.反對；反抗；與(某人)較量→opposed adj.反對的；對立的

7. consequence n．結果；後果；影響

8. state vt.陳述；說明→statement n．說明

9. range n．種類；範圍

10. glance vi.看一下；掃視 n．一瞥

11. steady adj.平穩的；持續的；穩固的→steadily adv.平穩地；持續地

12. widespread adj.分布廣的；普遍的

13. average adj.平均的

14. circumstance n．環境；情況

15. refresh vt.使恢復；使振作

16. contribution n．貢獻→contribute v．貢獻

（三）重點短語

1. global warming 全球氣候變暖

2. a supply of /supplies of 大量的

3. depend on 依*

4. human activity 人類活動

5. a natural phenomenon 自然現象

6. be trapped in... 被困在……

7. a quantity of/quantities of + n. 大量的

8. result in導致..(+結果) result from 原因是..（+原因）

9. as a result = in consequence as a result of =in consequence of 因此 of由於…的緣故

10. build up 逐漸建立

11. keep on 保持

12. make a difference make no difference 有影響；有關係 對……沒有影響；不重要

13. put up with… 忍受

14. as/so long as 只要

15. and so on 等等

16. glance at… 很快地看……一眼..

17. on the whole 大體上

18. compare…to.../compare….with 與…相比

19. come about發生(不及物) come across偶遇;穿過 come back回來 come down降下;減低 come in進來;到達 come out出來;出版 come up上來;被提出討論;發芽 come up with追上;趕上 come to 結果達到;甦醒

20. heat up 受熱

21. up to多達; 比得上

22. in the years ahead 今後一些年裡

23. carry out 執行

24. decrease by下降了…… decrease (from …) to （從……）下降到

25. greenhouse effect 溫室效應

（四）重點句型

1. There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer(see Graph 1) and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.毫無疑問，地球正變得更加暖和(見圖表1)，而且全球轉暖是人為的，而不是隨意的自然現象。

2. Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.

即使我們開始減少二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體的含量，在(未來)幾十年或幾個世紀內，氣候仍會持續轉暖。

3. It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it－if not,_turn it off！只要你在使用電器設備，你便可以把它開著。如果不用就把它關掉！

4. It takes a lot of energy to make things from new materials,_so, if you can, buy things made from recycled materials.

將新材料做成物品需要許多能量，因而，如果有可能請購買用回收材料製成的物品。

Unit 5 The power of nature

（一）原文+譯文

AN EXCITING JOB一份令人興奮的工作

I have the greatest job in the world. 我的工作是世界上最偉大的工作。 I travel to unusual places and work alongside people from all over the world. 我跑的地方是稀罕奇特的地方，和我一道工作的人來自世界各地。Sometimes working outdoors, sometimes in an office, sometimes using scientific equipment and sometimes meeting local people and tourists, I am never bored. （我們）有時在室外工作，有時在辦公室裡，有時工作要用科學儀器，有時要會見當地百姓和旅遊人士。但是我從來不感到工作煩人。

Although my job is occasionally dangerous, I don't mind because danger excites me and makes me feel alive. 雖然我的工作偶爾也有危險，但是我並不在乎，因為能激勵我，使我感到有活力。However, the most important thing about my job is that I help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces on earth - the volcano. 然而，最重要的是，通過我的工作能保護普通百姓免遭火山的威脅——這是世界上最大的自然威力之一。

I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago. 作為一名火山學家，我被派到夏威夷火山觀測站（HVO）工作。 My job is collecting information for a database about Mount Kilauea, which is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii. 我的任務是收集有關基拉韋厄火山的數據資料，這是夏威夷最活躍的火山之一。 Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. 收集和評估了這些信息之後，我就幫助其他科學家一起預測下次火山熔巖將往何處流去，流速多少。Our work has saved many lives because people in the path of the lava can be warned to leave their houses. 我們的工作拯救了許多人的生命，因為熔巖要流經之地，老百姓都可以得到離開家園的通知。Unfortunately, we cannot move their homes out of the way, and many houses have been covered with lava or burned to the ground. 遺憾的是，我們不可能把他們的家搬離巖漿流過的地方，因此，許多房屋被熔巖淹沒，或者焚燒殆盡。

When boiling rock erupts from a volcano and crashes back to earth, it causes less damage than you might imagine. 當滾燙的巖石從火山噴發出來並撞回地面時，它所造成的損失比想像的要小些， This is because no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea, where the rocks fall. 這是因為在巖石下落的基拉韋厄火山頂附近無人居住。 The lava that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain causes far more damage because it buries everything in its path under the molten rock. 而順著山坡下流的火山熔巖所造成的損失卻大得多，這是因為火山巖漿所流經的地方，一切東西都被掩埋在熔巖下面了。However, the eruption itself is really exciting to watch and I shall never forget my first sight of one. 然而火山噴發本身的確是很壯觀的，我永遠也忘不了我第一次看見火山噴發時的情景。

It was in the second week after I arrived in Hawaii. 那是在我抵達夏威夷後的第二個星期。 Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early. 那天我辛辛苦苦等幹了一整天，很早就上床睡覺了。 I was fast asleep when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train passing my window. 我在熟睡中突然感到床鋪在搖晃，接著我聽到一陣奇怪的聲音，就好像有列火車在我的窗外行駛一樣。Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn't take much notice. 因為我在夏威夷曾經經歷過多次地震，所以對這種聲音我並不在意。 I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. 我剛要再睡，突然我的臥室亮如白晝。I ran out of the house into the back garden where I could see Mount Kilauea in the distance. 我趕緊跑出房間，來到後花園，在那兒我能遠遠地看見基拉韋厄火山。There had been an eruption from the side of the mountain and red hot lava was fountaining hundreds of metres into the air. 在山的一邊有火山噴發，紅色發燙的巖漿像噴泉一樣，朝天上噴射達幾百米高。It was an absolutely fantastic sight.真是絕妙的奇景！

The day after this eruption I was lucky enough to have a much closer look at it. 就在這次火山噴發的第二天，我有幸做了一次近距離的觀察。 Two other scientists and I were driven up the mountain and dropped as close as possible to the crater that had been formed during the eruption. 我和另外兩位科學家驅車上山，到最靠近這次火山噴口的地方才下車。Having earlier collected special clothes from the observatory, we put them on before we went any closer. 早先從觀測站出發時就帶了一些特別的安全服，於是我們穿上安全服再走近火山口。All three of us looked like spacemen. 我們三個人看上去就像太空人一樣，We had white protective suits that covered our whole body, helmets, big boots and special gloves. 我們都穿著白色的防護服遮住全身，戴上了頭盔和特別的手套，還穿了一雙大靴子。 It was not easy to walk in these suits, but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling centre. 穿著這些衣服走起路來實在不容易，但是我們還是緩緩往火山口的邊緣走去，並且向下看到了紅紅的沸騰的中央。The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them. 另外兩人攀下火山口去收集供日後研究用的巖漿，我是第一次經歷這樣的事，所以留在山頂上觀察他們。

Today, I am just as enthusiastic about my job as the day I first started. 如今，我和當初從事這項工作時一樣滿懷熱情。 Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage. 雖然我從事火山研究很多年了，但是我對火山的壯麗景色以及它那潛在的巨大破壞力至今仍然感到驚愕不已。

（二）重點單詞

1. volcano n．火山

2. erupt vi.(指火山)爆發；突然發生→eruption n．火山爆發；(戰爭等)爆發

3. alongside adv.在旁邊；沿著邊 prep.在……旁邊；沿著……的邊

4. appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．約定；任命

5. evaluate vt.評估；評價；估計→evaluation n．評估

6. wave n．波浪；波濤 vi.波動；起伏；揮手

7. absolute adj.絕對的；完全的→absolutely adv.絕對地

8. suit n．一套外衣；套裝；vt.適合；使適宜→suitable adj.合適的

9. potential n．潛在性；可能性；潛能 adj.可能的；潛在的

10. actual adj.實在的；實際的→actually adv.實際地

11. shoot vt.射中；射傷→shot n．射擊；槍炮聲

12. anxious adj.憂慮的；不安的→anxiously adv.不安地→anxiety n．擔心；焦慮；渴望

13. panic vi. & vt.驚慌 n．驚慌；恐慌→panicked(過去式/過去分詞)

14. diverse adj.多種多樣的；不同的→diversity n．多種多樣；多樣性

15. appreciation n．欣賞；感激；感謝→appreciate vt.欣賞；感激

16. guarantee vt.保證；擔保

（三）重點短語

1. a volcano erupting 一次火山爆發

2. an active / a live volcano 活火山

3. compare…with / to…把……和……進行比較 compare…to… 把……比作……

4. imagine doing sth. 設想做某事

5. take risks / a risk冒險 at risk處於危險之中 at the risk of doing sth.…冒……危險 risk doing sth. 冒險做某事

6. meet with sb. 碰到、遇到某人

7. excite sb./oneself 使某人/自己激動

8. protect sb. / sth. from… 保護……免遭……

9. be warned (not) to do sth. 被警告（不要）去做某事 warn sb. of danger 警告某人有危險

10. move sth. out of the way 把……搬離……

11. burn to the ground 全部焚毀

12. far more (=much more) 多得多，多很多

13. the first sight of… 第一次看見……

14. be fast asleep 睡得很熟

15. be about to do sth. … when… 正要做某事……就在這時……

16. as bright as day 亮如白晝

17. in the distance在遠處（大範圍的） at a / some distance (有間隔的)在遠處（的具體某地）

18. in the side of the mountain 在山的一邊

19. have a much closer look ( at sth.) 近距離的觀看(某物)

20. be in a panic陷入恐慌（狀態） get into a panic陷入恐慌（動作）

21. make one’s way to … 前往…….

22. climb down into… 爬進……

23. be enthusiastic about… 對……懷著熱情

24. be amazed at … 對……感到驚訝

25. take sb. by surprise使某人大吃一驚 take sth. by surprise 突襲

26. make an effort to do sth. 努力做某事

27. be out of work 失業

28. (the) Lake of Heaven 天上的湖（天池）

29. thick forest 茂密的森林

30. nature reserve 自然保護區

31. vary from … to … 由……到……不等

32. a great diversity of 多種多樣

33. take a bath 沐浴

34. give birth to sb. 生小孩

35. glance through 匆匆看一遍

36. be bored with sb. / sth. 對某人/某物厭煩

37. cancel one’s appointment with sb. 取消和某人的約會

（四）重點句型

1. Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.收集和評估這些信息之後，我就幫助其他科學家一起預測熔巖接著將往何處流，流速是多少。

2. I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.

我剛要再睡，突然我的臥室亮如白晝。

3. The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience,_I stayed at the top and watched them.

另外兩人爬下火山口去收集供日後研究用的巖漿，我是第一次經歷這樣的事，所以留在山頂上觀察他們。

4. It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.

據說這個男孩就是滿族人的祖先，他具有語言天賦和很強的說服力。

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