Different presidposition不同的癖性
Some people simply enjoy high levels of physiological arousal, Sparks said. According to the literature, he said, about 10 percent of the population enjoys the adrenaline rush. (Not surprisingly, these individuals also love rollercoasters.）
斯帕克斯說，有些人天生就喜歡高水平的生理刺激。他說，根據文獻記載，大約10%的人喜歡腎上腺素激增。（毫不奇怪，這些人也喜歡坐過山車。
predisposition [ˌpriːdɪspəˈzɪʃn]
noun [C, U] ~ (to/towards sth) | ~ (to do sth) (formal) 傾向；癖性；（易患某種病的）體質 a condition that makes sb/sth likely to behave in a particular way or to suffer from a particular disease
a genetic predisposition to liver disease 易患肝病的遺傳體質
adrenaline [əˈdrenəlɪn]
n. 腎上腺素(情緒激動時腎上腺分泌的一種化學物質，能加快心跳並產生更多能量)
Similarly, predisposition may explain why others hate scary movies. Specifically, some individuals have a harder time screening out unwanted stimuli in their environment, Sparks said. For instance, they might be hypersensitive to the temperature in a room or the tag on their shirt. These same individuals are more likely to have intense physiological reactions to horror films.
同樣，易感性可以解釋為什麼其他人討厭恐怖電影。斯帕克斯說，具體來說，有些人很難在他們的環境中篩選出不必要的刺激。例如，他們可能對房間裡的溫度或襯衫上的標籤過敏。這些人更有可能對恐怖電影產生強烈的生理反應。
screen [skriːn]
noun 電視；計算機 of TV/computer 1 [C] 屏幕；螢光屏；螢屏 the flat surface at the front of a television or computer, on which you see pictures or information
a computer screen 計算機屏幕
a monitor with a 21 inch screen 21英寸屏幕的顯示器
They were staring at the television screen. 當時他們正盯著電視屏幕。
Move your cursor to the top of the screen. 把你的光標移到屏幕頂端。
the screen display 屏幕顯示
Can you do a printout of this screen for me (= of all the information on it) ?
你能幫我把這一屏幕列印出來嗎？
see also on-screen(1) 電影；電視 films/movies/TV
2 [C] 銀幕 the large flat surface that films/movies or pictures are shown on
a cinema/movie screen 電影銀幕
an eight-screen cinema 一家有八個放映廳的電影院
The movie will be coming to your screens shortly.
這部電影不久就會在你們那裡上映。
3 often the screen [sing., U] （統稱）電影，電視 films/movies or television in general He has adapted the play for the screen. 他把那部劇改編成了電影劇本。
Some actors never watch themselves on screen . 有的演員從來不看自己拍的戲。 She was a star of stage and screen (= plays and films/movies) .
她是戲劇、電影兩棲明星。
a screen actor 電影演員
see also off-screen, silver screen, small screen 家具 piece of furniture
4 [C] 隔板；屏風；幕；簾；帳 a vertical piece of furniture or equipment that is fixed or that can be moved to divide a room or to keep one area hidden or separate
The nurse put a screen around the bed. 護士繞床拉了一道帘子。
for hiding/protecting sth/sb 5 [C] ~ (of sth) 掩蔽物；掩護物；屏障；庇護 something that prevents sb from seeing or being aware of sth, or that protects sb/sth We planted a screen of tall trees. 我們種下一排大樹作為屏障。
(figurative) All the research was conducted behind a screen of secrecy.
整個研究始終是秘密進行的。
see also smokescreen, sunscreen, windscreen 窗 / 門上 on window/door
6 [C] (especially NAmE) 紗窗；紗門 a wire or plastic net that is held in a frame and fastened on a window, or a door, to let in air but keep out insects
screen doors 紗門
教堂裡 in church 7 [C] （攔在聖壇或唱詩班四周的木質或石砌）圍屏 a wood or stone structure in a church, that partly separates the main area from the altar or choir verb [VN] 遮蔽某物 / 某人 hide sth/sb 1 ~ sth/sb (from sth/sb) 掩藏；遮蔽；保護 to hide or protect sth/sb by placing sth in front of or around them
同義詞： shield
Dark glasses screened his eyes from the sun.
他戴了一副墨鏡，保護眼睛不受陽光照射。
保護某人 protect sb 2 ~ sb from sb/sth 庇護；包庇；袒護 to protect sb from sth dangerous or unpleasant, especially to protect sb who has done sth illegal or dishonest 同義詞： shield 檢查疾病 for disease
3 [often passive] ~ (sb) (for sth) 篩查；檢查 to examine people in order to find out if they have a particular disease or illness
Men over 55 should be regularly screened for prostate cancer.
55歲以上的男性應定期做前列腺癌檢查。
檢查 check 4 (of a company, an organization, etc. 公司、組織等) 審查，調查（看是否可靠） to find out information about people who work or who want to work for you in order to make sure that they can be trusted Government employees may be screened by the security services. 政府僱員可能要接受安全部門的審查。
5 審查；篩選 to check sth to see if it is suitable or if you want it I use my answerphone to screen my phone calls. 我用電話答錄機篩選打來的電話。
放映電影；播放節目 show film/movie/programme 6 [usually passive] 放映（電影）；播放（電視節目） to show a film/movie, etc. in a cinema/movie theater or on television a list of films to be screened as part of the festival 作為節日活動部分內容擬放映的電影目錄
短語動詞 screen sth↔off [often passive] （用屏風等）隔開 to separate part of a room, etc. from the rest of it by putting a screen around it
Beds can be screened off to give patients more privacy. 可以把病床隔開，以使病人少受幹擾。
screen sb↔out 遴選後剔除某人；不準某人入境 to decide not to allow sb to join an organization, enter a country, etc. because you think they may cause trouble screen sth↔out 遴選後剔除某物；遮擋某物穿透 to prevent sth harmful from entering or going through sth
The ozone layer screens out dangerous rays from the sun.
臭氧層能遮擋住來自太陽的有害射線。
stimulus [ˈstɪmjələs]
noun 【不規則形式】 pl. stimuli ~ (to/for sth) | ~ (to do sth) 1 [usually sing.] 促進因素；激勵因素；刺激物 something that helps sb/sth to develop better or more quickly Books provide children with ideas and a stimulus for play. 書不僅給孩子們以思想，而且使他們玩得更有意思。 The new tax laws should act as a stimulus to exports. 新稅法應該能促進出口。 2 （使生物產生反應的）刺激，刺激物 something that produces a reaction in a human, an animal or a plant sensory/verbal/visual stimuli 感官 / 言語 / 視覺刺激 The animals were conditioned to respond to auditory stimuli (= sounds) . 經過訓練，那些動物對聲音形成了條件反射。
Novelty
Some people turn to scary movies because they’re novel. All of us are predisposed to pay attention to anomalies in our environment, Sparks said. Since danger disrupts routine, curiosity about change is important for survival. Sparks equated the pull of frightening films to stopping at the scene of a gory accident: 「You don’t see that every day,」 he said.
有些人看恐怖電影是因為它們很新奇。斯帕克斯說：「我們所有人都傾向於關注環境中的異常現象。」。因為危險會打亂常規，對變化的好奇心對生存很重要。斯帕克斯將恐怖電影的吸引力等同於在血淋淋的事故現場停車：「你不是每天都能看到的。」
novel [ˈnɒvl]noun （長篇）小說 a story long enough to fill a complete book, in which the characters and events are usually imaginary
to write/publish/read a novel 創作 / 發表 / 閱讀長篇小說 detective/historical/romantic novels 偵探 / 歷史 / 言情小說
the novels of Jane Austen 簡∙奧斯汀的小說
adj. (often approving) 新穎的；與眾不同的；珍奇的 different from anything known before; new, interesting and often seeming slightly strange
a novel feature 新特徵
novelty
noun 【不規則形式】 pl. -ies 1 [U] 新奇；新穎；新鮮 the quality of being new, different and interesting
It was fun working there at first but the novelty soon wore off (= it became boring) . 開始的時候在那裡工作很有趣，但這股新鮮勁很快就過去了。
There's a certain novelty value in this approach. 這種方法有一定的新意。
2 [C] 新奇的事物（或人、環境） a thing, person or situation that is interesting because it is new, unusual, or has not been known before
Electric-powered cars are still something of a novelty. 電動汽車仍然是一種新鮮玩意兒。
3 [C] 廉價小飾物；小玩意兒 a small cheap object sold as a toy or a decorative object adj. [only before noun] 新奇的；風格獨特的 different and unusual; intended to be amusing and to catch people's attention
a novelty teapot 新穎獨特的茶壺
disrupt [dɪsˈrʌpt]
verb [VN] 擾亂；使中斷；打亂 to make it difficult for sth to continue in the normal way
Demonstrators succeeded in disrupting the meeting. 示威者成功地擾亂了會議。 Bus services will be disrupted tomorrow because of the bridge closure.
明日公共汽車將因大橋停止通行而受影響。
【派生詞】disruption noun [U, C]
We aim to help you move house with minimum disruption to yourself.
我們的宗旨是幫您搬家，並儘量減少它給您帶來的不便。
disruptions to rail services 對鐵路交通的幹擾
The strike caused serious disruptions. 罷工造成了嚴重的混亂。
anomaly [əˈnɒməli]noun
pl. -ies ~ (in sth) 異常事物；反常現象 a thing, situation, etc. that is different from what is normal or expected
the many anomalies in the tax system 稅制中的許多破格現象
the apparent anomaly that those who produced the wealth, the workers, were the poorest 創造財富的工人最貧窮這一明顯不正常現象
equate [iˈkweɪt]verb [VN] ~ sth (with sth) 同等看待；使等同 to think that sth is the same as sth else or is as important
Some parents equate education with exam success.
有些父母認為教育就是考試成績優秀。
I don't see how you can equate the two things.
我不明白你怎麼能把這兩件事等同起來。
短語動詞equate to sth 相當於；等於 to be equal to sth else
A $5 000 raise equates to 25%. 提薪5 000元相當於增加了25%。
Something else you don’t see are the visual effects, which tend to be fantastic, he said. Some people get enamored with effects and like to figure them out, said Joanne Cantor, Ph.D, Professor Emerita and Outreach Director at the Center for Communication Research at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
他說：「還有一些你看不到的東西是視覺效果，它們往往非常棒。」。威斯康星大學麥迪遜分校傳播研究中心的名譽教授、博士、外展主任喬安妮·坎託說：「有些人對效果著迷，喜歡搞清楚效果。」。
figure
noun 數 numbers 1 [C, often pl.] （代表數量，尤指官方資料中的）數字 a number representing a particular amount, especially one given in official information
the latest trade/sales/unemployment, etc. figures
最新的貿易、銷售、失業等數字
By 2004, this figure had risen to 14 million.
到 2004 年為止，這個數字已增長到 1 400 萬。
Experts put the real figure at closer to 75%.
專家們估計真實的數字較接近於75%。
2 [C] 數字符號；字碼；位數 a symbol rather than a word representing one of the numbers between 0 and 9
Write the figure 『7』 on the board. 把數字7寫在黑板上。
a six-figure salary (= over 100 000 pounds or dollars)
六位數的薪水（即超過10萬英鎊或元）
His salary is now in six figures. 他的薪水現在是六位數。
3 figures [pl.] (informal) 算術 the area of mathematics that deals with adding, multiplying, etc. numbers 同義詞： arithmetic
Are you any good at figures? 你的算術好嗎？
I'm afraid I don't have a head for figures (= I am not good at adding, etc.) .
我怕自己沒有算術頭腦。
人 person 4 [C] 人物；人士 a person of the type mentioned
a leading figure in the music industry 音樂界一位主要人物
a political figure 政治人物 a figure of authority 當權者
5 [C] （遠處人的）輪廓；（隱約可見的）人影 the shape of a person seen from a distance or not clearly
a tall figure in black 一個黑衣高個子人影
體形 shape of body 6 [C] 身材；體形；（尤指）身段 the shape of the human body, especially a woman's body that is attractive
She's always had a good figure. 她一向體態秀美。
I'm watching my figure (= trying not to get fat) . 我一直注意保持身材。
繪畫；故事 in painting/story 7 [C] （繪畫或故事中的）人，動物 a person or an animal in a drawing, painting, etc., or in a story
The central figure in the painting is the artist's daughter.
畫中間那個人是畫家的女兒。
造像 statue
8 [C] （人、動物的）雕像，塑像 a statue of a person or an animal a bronze figure of a horse 一座馬的銅像 圖表 picture/diagram
9 [C] (abbr. fig.) （書中的）圖，表 a picture, diagram, etc. in a book, that is referred to by a number
The results are illustrated in figure 3 opposite. 結果已在對頁圖表3中顯示。
幾何 geometry 10 [C] 圖形 a particular shape formed by lines or surfaces
a five-sided figure 五邊形 a solid figure 立體圖形 冰上動作
movement on ice
11 [C] （冰上表演動作的）花樣 a pattern or series of movements performed on ice 習語be/become a figure of fun 是嘲笑的對象；成為笑柄 to be/become sb that other people laugh at cut a… figure (of a person 人) 顯出…的樣子；顯得 to have a particular appearance
He cut a striking figure in his white dinner jacket.
他穿著白色晚禮服顯得十分出眾。
put a figure on sth 定價；說出…的準確數字
to say the exact price or number of sth facts and figures
準確的信息；精確的資料；確實的情報 accurate and detailed information
I've asked to see all the facts and figures before I make a decision.
我已要求在看到所有的確切信息後再作決定。
verb 重要 be important 1 [V] ~ (as sth) (in/among sth) 是重要部分；是…的部分 to be part of a process, situation, etc. especially an important part
同義詞： feature
The question of the peace settlement is likely to figure prominently in the talks.
和平解決的問題很可能是這次談判的突出重點。
My feelings about the matter didn't seem to figure at all.
我對這個問題的意見似乎根本無足輕重。
It did not figure high on her list of priorities.
這沒有列入她最優先考慮辦理的事項。
Do I still figure in your plans? 在你的計劃中還包括我嗎？
認為；認定 think/decide 2 (informal) 認為，認定（某事將發生或屬實） to think or decide that sth will happen or is true
[V (that)] I figured (that) if I took the night train, I could be in Scotland by morning. 我認為，如果我坐夜班火車，早上就可以到蘇格蘭。
We figured the sensible thing to do was to wait. 我們認為，明智的做法是等待。 [VN] That's what I figured. 這就是我的看法。
[also V wh-] 計算 calculate 3 [VN] (NAmE) 計算（數量或成本） to calculate an amount or the cost of sth
We figured the attendance at 150 000. 我們估計有15萬人參加。
習語go figure (NAmE, informal) 搞不懂；明擺著不用解釋 used to say that you do not understand the reason for sth, or that you do not want to give an explanation for sth because you think it is obvious
People are more aware of the risks of smoking nowadays, but more young women are smoking than ever.
Go figure! 現在人們更加了解吸菸的危害，但吸菸的年輕女性倒比以往多了。真讓人搞不懂！
it/that figures （表示應該或似乎合乎邏輯）有道理，合乎情理 used to say that sth was expected or seems logical
『John called in sick.』『That figures, he wasn't feeling well yesterday.』
「約翰打電話來說他病了。」「這合乎情理，他昨天就感到不舒服。」 (disapproving) 『She was late again.』 『Yes, that figures.』 「她又遲到了。」「是呀，她總是這樣。」 短語動詞 figure on sth
figure on (sb/sth) doing sth 計劃；打算；預料到 to plan sth or to do sth; to expect sth (to happen)
同義詞： plan on I hadn't figured on getting home so late. 我沒有估計到這麼晚才回到家。
figure sb/sth↔out 1 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白 to think about sb/sth until you understand them/it 同義詞： work out We couldn't figure her out. 我們摸不透她。 [+ wh-] I can't figure out how to do this. 我弄不懂怎樣做這件事。
2 計算（數量或成本） to calculate an amount or the cost of sth
同義詞： work out [+ wh-]
Have you figured out how much the trip will cost? 旅行要花多少費用你算出來沒有？
Still, negative emotions can get the better of novelty, Sparks said. If we experience high levels of fright, seeing a scary movie just isn’t worth it.
Individuals might 「suffer lingering emotional fallout if something in the environment reminds them of a scene,」 he said. After seeing 「Jaws,」 some people stopped swimming in the ocean and felt eerie about lakes and pools, Cantor said.
不過，斯帕克斯說，負面情緒可能會壓倒新奇感。如果我們經歷了高度的恐懼，看恐怖電影就是不值得的。他說，如果環境中的某些東西讓人想起某個場景，人們可能會遭受揮之不去的情緒影響。康託爾說，在看完《大白鯊》後，一些人不再在海裡遊泳，而是對湖泊和池塘感到恐懼。
get the better of 佔上風,勝過… get the upper hand; win an advantage; prevail
fallout [ˈfɔːlaʊt] noun [U]
1 （核爆炸後的）放射性墜塵 dangerous radioactive dust that is in the air after a nuclear explosion
2 後果；餘波 the bad results of a situation or an action
eerie [ˈɪəri]adj. 怪異的；神秘的；恐怖的 strange, mysterious and frightening 同義詞： uncanny
an eerie yellow light 神秘兮兮的黃燈
I found the silence underwater really eerie. 我發覺水下的寂靜真令人恐怖。
【派生詞】eerily adv. 【派生詞】eeriness noun [U]
Gender Socialization
Gender Socialization Research suggests that more men enjoy scary movies. This might be because men are socialized to be brave and enjoy threatening things, Sparks said. Men may derive social gratification from not letting a scary film bother them, Sparks said.
性別社會化研究表明，更多的男性喜歡恐怖電影。斯帕克斯說，這可能是因為男性在社交中更勇敢，更喜歡威脅性的東西。斯帕克斯說，男性可能會因為不讓恐怖電影煩擾自己而獲得社交滿足感。
「Men often like [scary films] as date movies because women are more likely to seek physical closeness when they’re scared, and men can show off their strength and bravery,」 Cantor said. (This is aptly called 「the cuddle effect.」)
康託爾說，男人通常喜歡把恐怖片當做約會電影，因為女人在害怕的時候更傾向於尋求身體上的親密接觸，而男人則可以展示他們的力量和勇氣。(這被恰當地稱為「擁抱效應」。)
apt [æpt]
adj. 1 恰當的；適當的 suitable or appropriate in the circumstances
a particularly apt description/name/comment 特別恰當的描述 / 名字 / 評論
2 ~ to be… | ~ to do sth 易於…；有…傾向 likely or having a natural tendency to do sth apt to be forgetful/careless 健忘；常常粗心大意
Babies are apt to put objects into their mouths. 嬰兒愛把東西往嘴裡塞。
3 ~ pupil 天資聰穎的人 a person who has a natural ability to learn and understand 【派生詞】aptly adv. the aptly named Grand Hotel 名副其實的大飯店
【派生詞】aptness noun [U]
gender socialization [ˈdʒendə(r) ˌsəʊʃəlaɪˈzeɪʃn] 性別社會化;性別角色的社會化
gratification [ˌɡrætɪfɪˈkeɪʃn]
noun [U, C] (formal) 滿足；滿意；快感；令人喜悅的事物 the state of feeling pleasure when sth goes well for you or when your desires are satisfied; sth that gives you pleasure 同義詞： satisfaction
In one study males liked a horror movie more when they saw it with a female who was scared, and females liked the movie more when they saw it with a male who wasn’t scared.
在一項研究中，當男性和害怕的女性一起看恐怖電影時，他們會更喜歡，而女性和不害怕的男性一起看電影時，她們會更喜歡。
Other Reasons
Some people may like scary movies because they enjoy the adrenaline rush of being scared while being safe, Cantor said. 「Some people like anything that gets their minds off their own problems,」 she said. Individuals who are highly empathetic may not like scary movies, she said.
康託爾說，有些人喜歡恐怖電影是因為他們喜歡在安全的情況下因害怕而產生的腎上腺素激增。她說，有些人喜歡任何能讓他們忘記自己問題的東西。她說，具有高度同理心的人可能不喜歡恐怖電影。
Kids & Scary Movies
Parents need to be especially careful about what their kids watch, according to both experts. Cantor’s research found that college students who watched scary movies or shows before 14 years old had trouble sleeping and felt anxious about typically safe activities or stopped engaging in them altogether
兩位專家表示，父母需要特別注意孩子看的節目。康託爾的研究發現，14歲以前看恐怖電影的大學生睡眠困難，對通常安全的活動感到焦慮，或者乾脆不再參與
empathetic [ˌempəˈθetɪk] adj. 移情的;有同感的;能產生共鳴的
engageverb 1 [VN] (formal) 吸引住（注意力、興趣） to succeed in attracting and keeping sb's attention and interest
It is a movie that engages both the mind and the eye.
這是一部令人賞心悅目的影片。
2 ~ sb (as sth) (formal) 僱用；聘用 to employ sb to do a particular job
[VN] He is currently engaged as a consultant. 他現在受僱為顧問。
[also VN to inf] 3 [V] ~ (with sth/sb) 與…建立密切關係；盡力理解 to become involved with and try to understand sth/sb
She has the ability to engage with young minds. 她能夠與年輕人心意相通。
4 (formal) 與（某人）交戰；與（某人）開戰 to begin fighting with sb
[VN] to engage the enemy 與敵人交戰
[also V] 5 ~ (with sth) （使）銜接，嚙合 when a part of a machine engages , or when you engage it, it fits together with another part of the machine and the machine begins to work [V] One cogwheel engages with the next. 齒輪一個個嚙合在一起。 The cogwheels are not engaging. 齒輪未嚙合在一起。
[VN] Engage the clutch before selecting a gear. 先踩離合器再掛擋。
反義詞： disengage 短語動詞
engage in sth engage sb in sth （使）從事，參加 to take part in sth; to make sb take part in sth
Even in prison, he continued to engage in criminal activities.
他甚至在監獄裡還繼續從事犯罪活動。
She tried desperately to engage him in conversation .
她用盡辦法要他跟她談話。
make-believe
noun [U] 1 (disapproving) 虛構；想像；編造 imagining or pretending things to be different or more exciting than they really are 同義詞： fantasy
They live in a world of make-believe. 他們生活在虛幻的世界裡。
2 假扮；假裝 imagining that sth is real, or that you are sb else, for example in a child's game
『Let's play make-believe,』 said Sam. 薩姆說：「咱們來玩假裝的遊戲吧。」
27.undo [ʌnˈduː]
verb 【不規則形式】 undoes , undid , undone
[VN] 1 打開；解開；拆開 to open sth that is fastened, tied or wrapped
to undo a button/knot/zip, etc. 解開紐扣、解開繩結、拉開拉鎖等
to undo a jacket/shirt, etc. 解開上衣、襯衫等
I undid the package and took out the books. 我打開包裹取出書來。
反義詞： do up 2 消除，取消，廢止（某事的影響） to cancel the effect of sth
He undid most of the good work of the previous manager.
他把前任經理的大部分功績都毀掉了。
It's not too late to try and undo some of the damage .
想辦法補救部分損失還為時不晚。
UNDO (= a command on a computer that cancels the previous action) 撤銷（計算機的還原指令）
3 [usually passive] (formal) 打敗；挫敗 to make sb/sth fail
The team was undone by the speed and strength of their opponents.
這個隊被對手的速度和體力打敗了。