繼續給大家送武器—談戀愛不如讀書。
01
之前給大家介紹了精讀文章的方法，沒有看過的盆友們點這裡。
新聞媒體類，一直是考研，及各類英語考試的主要話題——隨著全球化的深入，網絡技術的發展以及生活方式的改變，新聞&媒體的熱度見長。
我們先來看幾個關於新聞&媒體&信息的考題：
雅思寫作題：
People need news today but some people doubt news reported by journalists are true. To what extent do you believe in journalists?What qualities do you think a journalist should have?
GRE寫作題：
"In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any woman or man as a hero. The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished."
Claim: Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts.
Reason: Politicians and other government experts are more informed and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public.
考研英語一閱讀題：
A rise in critical skills for sharing news online
這些題目都在談論什麼呢？
記者是否依然可信？
媒體人的原則和素質是什麼？
媒體的審視最終會讓所有英雄蹦人設？
政治決策應該由獲取最全面信息的人來做？
網絡信息真假難辨？
"This question is too hard, I don't know the answer. "
很多學生說。
我們每天都在被微博熱搜和朋友圈刷屏，上一秒的熱搜話題可能下一秒就出現反轉。
我們來不及分辨「民間」內容提供信息的真假，我們也不再心甘情願的相信官方信息。
澳大利亞森林火災我們被刷屏了，大興安嶺事件被拿出來對比。
美國流感我們又被刷屏了，微信號數據和CDC數據相差巨大。
。。。
不可信的是信息本身，
還是信息傳播渠道和人？
我們該相信什麼？
或者說，有沒有真相，真相是什麼，
我們有較真的必要嗎？
高中時候看國家地理雜誌，特別崇拜當時的單之薔主編，他在一篇解讀風水與科學關係的文章裡寫到：
巫魅的自然，人是不自由的，因此科學來去魅，徹底去魅的自然，是虛無的，這兩者都是人不願意接受的。似乎應該找到一條中間的道路，自然要適度的巫魅，科學要適度的科學。
送給大家一段話，可能off topic，但是我很喜歡：
「我希望我的士兵都有屬於自己的理想與希望，對這樣戰鬥的生活，充滿了自豪與滿足，因為只有這樣的生活本身，才是我唯一能夠給你們的。說到底，一枚勳章，一個烈士稱號足夠買你們的命嗎？我覺得不能，我們為之驕傲的，是我們的熱血，我們的使命。」
02
今天精讀的文章來源如下:
Adapted from Peter S. Goodman,「Foreign News at a Crisis Point.」 2013 by TheHuffingtonPost.com, Inc.Originally published September 25, 2013. Peter Goodman is the executive business and global news editor at TheHuffingtonPost.com.
赫芬頓郵報主編撰寫的一篇社評，探討美國本土關於外國新聞報導驟減帶來的影響，其中談到了戰爭、全球化、貿易、新媒體、媒體人的責任等因素：
今天報紙上關於大洋彼岸的消息的版面沒有了，
你覺得沒什麼。
明天你的駐外記者朋友撤回來了，
你也覺得沒什麼。
後天你的工作被外國朋友替代了，
你惱火了。
你想看看電視知道大洋彼岸發生了什麼時候，
你發現幾乎沒有相關信息了，
你只能去twitter，quora，facebook上看，
但是公說公有理婆說婆有理，
然後你暈了。
我想知道一些事情，但是我該相信誰？
crowd-sourcing等於better informed？
希望看完之後，大家會對今天談論的問題有點想法。
"this will not be easy, But the alternative—accepting ignorance and parochialism—is simply not an option. "
即使再難，接受無知和狹隘，永遠都不可能是一個選擇。
03
文章較長，我們用分段講解的方式，開始！
1 Back in 2003, American Journalism Review produced a census of foreign correspondents then employed by newspapers based in the United States, and found 307 full-time people. When AJR repeated the exercise in the summer of 2011,the count had dropped to 234. And even that number was significantly inflated by the inclusion of contract writers who had replaced full-time staffers.
早在2003年，《美國新聞評論》(American Journalism Review)就對當時受僱於美國報紙的外國記者進了次調查，結果發現有307名全職。當AJR在2011年夏天重複這做法時，這個數字已經降到了234個。即便是這個數字，也被取代全職員的合同寫的加誇了。
2 In the intervening eight years, 20 American news organizations had entirely eliminated their foreign bureaus.
在這期間的8年，20家美國新聞機構徹底關閉了它們的駐外機構。
3 The same AJR survey zeroed in on a representative sampling of American papers from across the country and found that the space devoted to foreign news had shrunk by 53 percent over the previous quarter- century.
AJR的這項調查還集中調查了美國各地有代表性的報紙樣本，結果發現，在過去的25年，專刊登外國新聞的版減少了53%。
4 All of this decline was playing out at a time when the U.S. was embroiled in two overseas wars, with hundreds of thousands of Americans deployed in Iraqand Afghanistan. It was happening as domestic politics grappled with the merits and consequences of a global war on terror, as a Great Recession was blamed in part on global imbalances in savings, and as world leaders debated a global trade treaty and pacts aimed at addressing climate change. It unfolded as American workers heard increasingly that their wages and job security were under assault by competition from counterparts on the other side of oceans.
所有這些下降都發在美國卷兩場海外戰爭的時候，成千上萬的美國被部署在伊拉克和阿富汗。當時，美國國內政治正在應對場全球反恐戰爭的利弊，衰退在定程度上被歸咎於全球儲蓄失衡，世界各國領導正在就項旨在應對候變化的全球貿易條約和協定展開辯論。美國越來越多地聽到，他們的資和作保障正受到洋彼岸的同競爭的衝擊。
5 In short, news of the world is becoming palpably more relevant to the day-to-day experiences of American readers, and it is rapidly disappearing.
簡之，《世界新聞報》顯然越來越貼近美國讀者的常活，但它正在迅速消失。
6 Yet the same forces that have assailed print media, eroding foreign news along the way, may be fashioning a useful response. Several nonprofit outlets have popped up to fifinance foreign reporting, and a for-profit outfit, GlobalPost, has dispatched a team of 18 seniorcorrespondents into the field, supplemented by dozens of stringers and freelancers......
然，那些曾經攻擊印刷媒體、路侵蝕外國新聞的量，可能正在形成種有的回應。家營利機構突然出現，為外國報導提供資，營利性機構《環球郵報》(GlobalPost)派出了個18的級團隊記者進現場，補充了個特約記者和由撰稿……
7 We are intent on forging fresh platforms for user-generated content: testimonials, snapshots and video clipsfrom readers documenting issues in need of attention. Too often these sorts of efforts wind up feeling marginal or even patronizing: 「Dearpeasant, here’s your chance to speak to the pros about what’s happening in your tiny little corner of the world.」 We see user-generated content as a genuine reporting tool, one that operates on the premise that we can only be in so many places at once. Crowd-sourcing is a fundamental advantage ofthe web, so why not embrace it as a means of piecing together a broader and more textured understanding of events?
我們致於為戶成的內容打造全新的平臺:來記錄需要關注的問題的讀者的推薦信、快照和視頻剪輯。很多時候，這樣的努會讓你覺得被邊緣化了，甚被瞧不起:「親愛的農，現在是你向專業講述你活的落髮的事情的時候了。」「我們將戶成的內容視為種真正的報告具，它的運作前提是我們次只能在這麼多地。眾包是絡的個基本優勢，那麼為什麼不把它作為種式，把對事件更泛、更有質感的理解拼湊在起呢?
8 We all know the power of Twitter, Facebook and other forms of social media to connect readers in one place with images and impressions from situations unfolding far away. We know the force of social media during the ArabSpring, as activists convened and reacted to changing circumstances....Facts and insights reside on social media, waiting to be harvested by the digitally literate contemporary correspondent.
我們都知道Twitter、Facebook和其他形式的社交媒體的量，它們可以將讀者與遠處的情景聯繫起來。我們知道社交媒體在「阿拉伯之春」期間的量，因為活動聚集在起，對不斷變化的環境做出反應……事實和解都存在於社交媒體上，等待著有數字素養的當代記者來收穫。
9 And yet those of us who have been engaged in foreign reporting for many years will confess to unease over many of the developments unfolding online,even as we recognize the trends are as unstoppable as globalization or the weather. Too often it seems as if professional foreign correspondents, the people paid to use their expertise while serving as informational fifilters,are being replaced by citizen journalists who function largely as funnels, pouring insight along with speculation, propaganda and other white noise into the mix.
然，我們這些從事外國報導多年的會承認，對許多正在上展開的事態發展感到不安，儘管我們認識到，這些趨勢與全球化或天樣不可阻擋。在很多情況下，專業的外國記者似乎正在被公記者所取代。公記者的作很程度上像是個漏，將真知、猜測、宣傳和其他噪注其中。
10 We can celebrate the democratization of media, the breakdown of monopolies, the rise of innovative means of telling stories, and the inclusion of a diversity of voices, and still ask whether the results are making us better informed. Indeed, we have a professional responsibility to continually ask that question while seeking to engineer new models that can channel the web in the interest of better informing readers....
我們可以慶祝媒體的主化、壟斷的瓦解、講故事的創新段的興起，以及各種聲的融合，但我們仍然要問，這些結果是否讓我們獲得了更好的信息。事實上，我們有專業的責任不斷地提出這個問題，同時尋求設計新的模型，引導絡，更好地為讀者提供信息。
11 We need to embrace the present and gear for the future. These are days in which newsrooms simply must be entrepreneurial and creative in pursuit of new means of reporting and paying for it. That makes this a particularly interesting time to be doing the work, but it also requires forth right attention to a central demand: We need to put back what the Internet has taken away. We need to turn the void into something fresh and compelling.We need to re-examine and update how we gather information and how we engage readers, while retaining the core values of serious-minded journalism.
我們需要擁抱現在，為未來做好準備。如今，新聞編輯室必須具有企業家精神和創造，以追求新的報導式並為此付費。這使得這是個特別有趣的作時間，但它也需要正確的注意到個中要求:我們需要把互聯拿的東放回去。我們需要把空變成新鮮和引注的東。我們需要重新審視和更新我們收集信息和吸引讀者的式，同時保持嚴肅新聞的核價值。
12 This will not be easy.... But the alternative—accepting ignorance and parochialism—is simply not an option.
這並不容易……但是另種選擇——接受知和狹隘主義——根本不是個選擇。
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