But the standard Tyrer–Cuzick model /that physicians use to estimate risk — based on factors such as age, family history of cancer, and age at first menstrual period and at menopause — placed only 18% in that group, even when physicians added measurements of breast density from mammograms to the model.
但是醫生們用來評估風險的標準泰瑞爾-庫茲克模型——這一模型基於年齡、家族患癌史、月經初潮年齡以及更年期年齡等對乳腺癌風險進行評估——只把其中的18%認定為高風險組，即使醫生還通過乳房x線照片測量了胸部密度並添加進這一模型中。
1.破折號和插入語「，...，」一樣，一般都是表示修飾限定，或者說解釋
2.這句話的邏輯在哪呢？結合上文，是這樣的:研究團隊收集了很多的乳房x光片（這裡既有患了乳腺癌的，也有沒患乳腺癌的)，然後，通過和國家腫瘤登記處進行比對，就知道哪些人是確診了乳腺癌的（這裡已經區分出來已經確診的患者，一般這種都是採取金標準比如組織切片檢查)，再然後就是訓練算法，讓計算機識別x光片，從而判斷這張x光片是否是患乳腺癌的，文章說這一算法把患乳腺癌的女性中的31%都歸為高風險組，也就是說它的識別準確度為31%，而人工利用模型判斷的準確率只有18%。
無論你遵循哪種飲食，你只會減掉一點點體重，但血壓和膽固醇的改善會在一年內消失。
⬆️That is according to a comparison of randomised clinical trials assessing the effects of 14 popular branded diets. Guyatt and his colleagues found 121 trials of such diets, together including nearly 22,000 volunteers who were either overweight or obese, and had an average age of 49. Each trial compared the results of adults who were on the diet with others who ate as they usually did. The team looked for evidence of the diets』 effect on weight loss and markers of cardiovascular health, including blood pressure and cholesterol.
這是對評估14種流行品牌飲食效果的隨機臨床試驗，經比較後得出的結論。蓋亞特和他的同事們設立了121個這樣的飲食試驗，總共近2.2萬名超重或肥胖的志願者參與，他們的平均年齡為49歲。每一項試驗都對正在控制飲食的成年人和其他遵循往常飲食方式的人的結果進行對比。研究小組尋找控制飲食對減重，以及包括血壓和膽固醇在內的心血管健康指標的效果的證據。
All of the diets resulted in some weight loss. Six months after starting a diet, volunteers were, on average, about 4 kilograms lighter. There were also improvements in blood pressure and cholesterol at this point: levels of harmful LDL cholesterol were lower, while there was more of the beneficial HDL form.
所有的飲食方案都能減輕一些體重。在控制飲食的六個月後，志願者平均體重減輕了4公斤。這時候，血壓和膽固醇也有改善：有害的低密度脂蛋白膽固醇水平更低了，而有益的高密度脂蛋白更多了。
But 12 months into a diet, the effects had mostly disappeared. By this point, the volunteers had gained back most of their lost weight, and the benefits relating to blood pressure and cholesterol had vanished.
但控制飲食12個月後，這種效果基本上消失了。到那時，志願者們漲回了大部分減掉的體重，而與血壓和膽固醇有關的益處已經消失了。
Volunteers may have struggled to maintain their diets, says Guyatt. 「The fact that they lost weight early and much of it was regained suggests that adherence to the diet was much better in the first six months,」 he says.
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While the team was able to look at markers of cardiovascular health, it isn’t clear what these temporary changes in blood pressure and cholesterol mean for a person’s health in the long run. We don’t know if following one of these diets might lower a person’s risk of having a heart attack, stroke or early death, for example.
雖然研究小組能夠觀察心血管健康的指標，但目前還不清楚這些血壓和膽固醇的暫時變化對一個人的長期健康意味著什麼。例如，我們不知道遵循其中一種飲食方式是否會降低一個人患心臟病、中風或早逝的風險。
本文節選自：newscientist（新科學家）
發布時間：2020.04.02
原文標題：Diets do help you lose weight - but the benefits usually don't last
1.obese
英 /ə(ʊ)'biːs/美/o'bis/
adj. 極為肥胖的
2.cardiovascular
3.cholesterol
4.adherence
5.stroke
1.clinical trial 臨床試驗
2.blood pressure 血壓
All of the diets resulted in some weight loss.
結構:sth. result in sth.
XX導致XX
例句:All kinds of efforts will result in progress.
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