Hey I'm Emma from mmmEnglish! Welcome to a fascinating, interesting, grammar lesson.
大家好，我是 Emma，歡迎來到美味英語頻道！歡迎來到這節好玩有趣的語法課。
Another one in our series about conditional sentences. If you're learning English, you will definitely find this lesson helpful.
這是另一節條件句系列的課程。如果你正在學習英語的話，那麼你一定會覺得本節課程很有幫助。
This type of grammar lesson might sound serious but learning to use conditionals effectively is going to help you to express yourself clearly and be really creative with English.
Conditionals are really common, native speakers use them all the time so if you start paying attention, you are definitely going to notice this sentence structure as you're reading and even as you're listening too, you'll hear it more.
這類語法課聽起來可能很嚴肅，但是學會有效地使用條件句將幫助你清楚地表達自我，並且以一種真正有創造性的方式使用英語。條件句真的很常見，英語母語者會一直使用它們，所以如果你開始注意的話，你在閱讀的時候肯定會注意到這個句子結構，在聽東西的時候甚至會聽到更多。
In this video, we're going to focus on the zero conditional and the first conditional and we'll talk about how they're different but importantly when you should use one or the other because that's a little confusing.
If you enjoy my lessons, make sure you subscribe to the channel and if you like this lesson in particular, give it a like and share it with your friends.
在本視頻中，我們將重點關注零條件句和第一條件句，我們將討論它們的不同之處，但重要的是什麼時候應該使用，因為這確實有點令人困惑。如果你喜歡我的課程的話，請一定要訂閱我的頻道哦，如果你特別喜歡本節課程的話，請給我點個讚，並與你的朋友分享。
It all helps me to create more and interesting content for you. So let's get into this lesson!
這一切都幫助我，讓我為大家提供更多更有趣的內容。讓我們進入本節課程吧！
So I'm going to assume that you know most of the basics about conditional sentences. If you study grammar, it gets easier.
我假設大家已經了解關於條件句的大多數基礎知識了。如果你學習語法的話，就會變得更容易。
If you practise every day, you will improve. If I lived in an English-speaking country, I would be fluent.
如果每天練習的話，你就會有所提升。如果我住在說英語的國家，我會說的很流利。
If I had known how useful English was for my career, I would have paid more attention to it at school.
So each of these sentences has an if clause and a main clause but there are some differences between them especially with verb tenses and time references.
如果我知道英語對我的職業有多大幫助，我在學校肯定把更多的注意力放在上面。每個句子都有一個 if 從句和一個主句，但在它們之間有一些區別，尤其是動詞時態和時間參考。
And all of this changes the meaning. One of them is a fact.
所有的這些因素會導致含義的改變。其中之一是事實。
Another is about the present but it's an unreal present. Another is about an imaginary past.
另一個與現在有關的，但是不真實的現在。另外一個是關於假想的過去。
Today we're going to focus on these two. The zero and the first conditional.
今天，我們將側重於這兩個。零條件句和第一條件句。
The zero conditional is also called the factual or the real conditional because we use it to talk about truths and facts. Things that are real in the world.
零條件句也稱為事實或真實條件句，因為我們用它來談論事實。世界上真實的事物。
We also use it to talk about habits and rules and to give instructions that are the result of something else happening first. So in other words, if this happens then this is the result always okay?
我們也用它來談論習慣和規則，以及某件事情先發生之後的結果的說明。換句話說，如果發生這種情況，那麼結果永遠是這個樣子。
It's a fact. It's the truth.
這是事實。事實就是如此。
It's just how it is. It's what happens.
就是這個樣子。就是這樣。
Let's take a closer look at what it looks like because it's really simple. We use the present simple in both clauses.
讓我們再來詳細地看一下它長什麼樣子，因為它非常簡單。我們在這兩個句子中都使用了一般現在時。
Now why does it say 'if' or 'when' can be used in the if clause? It's a good question.
現在為什麼說「if」或「when」可以在 if 子句中使用呢？這是一個好問題。
In the zero conditional, you can use either 'if' or 'when' in the if clause and the meaning with either word is pretty similar but we use 'if' when there is a chance that the action will happen but it might not happen as well okay?
If it does happen then we know exactly what the result will be.
在零條件句中，你可以在 if 子句中使用「if」或「when」，兩個詞的意思都差不多，但是如果某個行為有可能會發生，但可能不會發生，我們就會使用「if」。如果這件事確實發生了，那麼我們明確地知道結果是什麼。
If I workout, I feel healthier. So I workout and the result is pretty obvious.
如果鍛鍊，我會感覺更健康。所以我鍛鍊身體，結果非常明顯。
When I do workout, I feel healthier, I feel better about myself. It's true.
當我鍛鍊時，我會感覺更健康，我對自己感覺更好。確實如此。
But that doesn't mean that I do it all the time right? I don't always feel healthy especially if I don't workout.
但這並不意味著我一直都在做，對嗎？我並不總是健康的，特別是如果我不鍛鍊的話。
We use 'when' when we know for sure that that action is going to happen. We might not know exactly when it's going to happen but we know that it will okay.
當我們明確地知道某個行為會發生的話，我們使用「when」。我們可能不知道具體何時會發生，但我們知道這件事情總是會發生的。
When I workout, I feel healthier. So I've removed the possibility that it's not going to happen.
當我鍛鍊的時候，我會感到更健康。所以我消除了這件事情不會發生的可能性。
There's no question about it. I will workout.
毫無疑問。我會鍛鍊。
The specific time doesn't matter, we just know that it's going to happen in the future so it's a subtle difference, very, very subtle. And the same difference actually applies in the first conditional.
具體時間並不重要，我們只需要知道這是將來會發生的一件事情，所以這裡的差異是非常非常細微的。其實呢這個差異也適用於第一條件句。
We can use 'if' or 'when' as well in the first conditional. But we'll get to that.
我們在第一條件句中也可以使用「if」或「when」。不過我們一會再說那個。
Back to forming the zero conditional. Let's look at a few examples to help us do that.
讓我們回到零條件句的構成吧。讓我們看一些例子來幫助來理解吧。
When the sun sets, it gets dark. If you leave milk out, it spoils.
太陽落山時，天就變黑了。如果你把牛奶放在外面，它就會變質。
If the power goes out, we can't watch TV. So these are all facts and truths, right?
如果斷電的話，我們就無法看電視。這些都是事實，對吧？
Now what about this sentence. In winter, it's cold.
那這句話呢？冬天天氣很冷。
Is it a zero conditional sentence? It's a fact.
它是零條件句嗎？這是個事實。
It has the present simple verb but it's not a conditional sentence. Can you tell me why?
裡面是一般現在時動詞，但是並不是個條件句。你能告訴我為什麼嗎？
We don't have two clauses. It is a fact but we don't have the condition and the result clause.
我們沒有兩個子句。這是事實，但我們沒有條件句和結果句。
It's just a present simple sentence. But what about now?
只是一個現在時的簡單句子。但是現在呢？
If it's cold, light the fire. Now we've got a condition and the result and this is a good example of how the zero conditional can be used to give instructions.
如果很冷的話，那就點火吧。現在我們有一個條件句和結果句，這是零條件句的一個很好的例子，可以用來給出指示。
And I'm using the imperative form to do that.?I'm telling you what to do, instructing you.
我使用的是祈使句來做到的。我在告訴你該怎麼做，我在指導你。
We also use the zero conditional to talk about rules. Children can swim if an adult is with them.
我們還會使用零條件句來談論規則。如果有成人陪伴，兒童才可以遊泳。
And we use it to talk about habits. If it's hot, I go to the beach.
我們用它來談論習慣。如果很熱的話，我就會去海灘。
This is something that I usually do. It's a habit right?
這是我通常會做的事情。這是一個習慣吧？
It happens often. Can you see how in all of these examples that the two separate parts of the sentence are connected?
它經常發生。你能看到在所有這些例子中兩個子句是如何連接起來的嗎？
We're stating a fact or a truth in the main clause but it's only possible on the condition that the if clause occurs. So now we know that the zero conditional is the factual or the real conditional.
我們在主句中陳述事實，但只有在條件句的事情發生的條件下才可能成真。所以現在我們知道零條件句是事實條件句。
What about the first conditional? It's also called the possible conditional.
那麼第一條件句呢？它也被稱為可能條件句。
Now we're not talking about facts anymore okay? Things that are absolutely one hundred percent true.
現在我們不再談論事實了，好嗎？百分百真實的那些事情。
Now we're talking about possible future results. They might happen but they might not happen as well.
現在我們說的是可能的未來結果。它們可能會發生，但也可能不會發生。
So can you guess when it might be useful to use the first conditional. A time when you're thinking about what's possible in the future.
所以你能猜一猜什麼時候使用第一條件句會很有用嗎？當你在思考將來可能發生什麼事情的時候。
We can use it to talk about predictions, superstitions, plans, promises, offers, suggestions and warnings like there's a lot of different ways that we can use the first conditional, right? So all of these things talk about what is likely to happen in the future.
我們可以用它來談論預測、迷信、計劃、承諾、提議、建議和警告等情況，有很多的可以使用第一條件句的方式，對嗎？所以呢，所有的這些句子都在談論什麼事情是未來可能會發生的。
A likely outcome. So in the first conditional we're not just using the present simple anymore, right?
一個可能的結果。因此，在第一個條件中，我們不只是使用一般現在時了，對吧？
Because we're talking about the future. In the 'if' clause, we still use a present simple verb but in the main clause, we use the future tense.
因為我們在談論未來。在「if」子句中，我們仍然使用動詞的一般現在時，但是在主句中，我們使用將來時。
Will. If this thing happens then this will likely happen.
Will。如果這件事發生的話，那麼這件事情可能會發生。
It will probably happen. We can't be absolutely sure.
它可能會發生。我們不能夠完全確定。
You think so. If you don't eat now, you'll be hungry later.
你是這樣認為的吧。如果你現在不吃飯的話，一會兒就會餓。
If she doesn't call, I'll be annoyed. And just like in the zero conditional, we can still use 'if' or 'when' in the if clause and it depends on how sure we are that something is gonna happen.
如果她不打電話的話，我會很生氣。就像在零條件句中一樣，我們仍然可以在 if 子句中使用「if」或「when」，取決於我們對某件事情發生的確定性。
And 'when' tells us that we're very, very confident that the action in the if clause is going to happen and the result in the main clause is the most likely outcome. When the sun sets, it will get cold.
「When」告訴我們的事，我們非常非常有信心 if 子句中的行為將會發生，而主句是最有可能的結果。太陽下山時，天氣會變冷。
Now what about this sentence? If aliens arrive on earth, I will greet them!
那麼這句話呢？如果外星人到達地球，我會歡迎他們的！
Now I'll give you a clue. There is something not quite right about this sentence, something about it sounds strange but it has a present simple verb and 'will' with the base verb following so it looks right but this isn't a possible situation.
現在呢，我給大家一個提示。這句話裡面有的地方不太正確，聽起來有些奇怪，但是這句話有一個一般現在時的動詞和「will」加動詞原形，因此看起來是對的，但其實這是不可能的情況。
Well, not really. I could be unintentionally starting a debate about the existence of alien life right here but this is more of a hypothetical situation right?
好吧，可能也不是。我可能無意間開啟了關於外星生命是否存在的辯論，但是這更像是一種假設的情況，對吧？
So it would be better to use the second conditional to talk about this hypothetical situation. So we talked about the zero conditional.
所以最好使用第二條件句來談論這種假設的情況。所以呢，我們談到了零條件句。
We've talked about the first conditional but what's the difference between them? And why would you choose one over the other?
我們也已經討論了第一條件句，但是它們之間有什麼區別呢？那為什麼要選擇其中一個而不是另一個呢？
Let's take a look. If you leave the milk out, it spoils.
讓我們來看看吧。如果你把牛奶放在外面，它就會變質。
If you leave the milk out, it will spoil. Which one's correct?
如果你把牛奶放在外面，它就會變質。哪個是正確的？
It's a trick question. They're both correct.
這個問題可能有點小刁鑽呢。它倆都是正確的。
They're both possible. But choosing to use the zero or the first conditional does change the meaning of the sentence a little.
它倆都是可以的。但是選擇使用零條件句還是第一條件句會改變句子的含義。
So in the first sentence, we're stating a general fact. It's true, right?
在第一句話中，我們說明的是一個普遍的事實。這是真的，對嗎？
In general, in life, you know at any moment, when you leave milk out of the fridge it spoils. So I might use the zero conditional to explain to a child that milk spoils when it's not in the fridge, right?
一般來說，在生活中，你肯定知道，當你將牛奶從冰箱中取出時，牛奶就會變質。所以我可能會使用零條件句來向孩子來解釋不在冰箱裡的牛奶會變質，對嗎？
The child didn't know that fact beforehand. I'm telling them so that they know in the future.
這個孩子事先並不知道這個事實。我告訴他們，這樣他們就知道了。
When I use the first conditional sentence, I'm telling you about a possible outcome based on the current situation so it's like advice or warning about a present situation. Something that is specific.
當我使用第一條件句時，我告訴你的是，基於當前情況的可能結果，因此這類似於對當前情況的建議或警告一樣。更加具體的東西。
So imagine that you've just made a coffee. You left the milk on the bench and then you've gone off to the living room to watch some telly.
假設你剛剛煮了一杯咖啡。你把牛奶留在板凳上，然後就去客廳看電視了。
So I'm using the first conditional now to warn you or remind you about what might happen if you don't put the milk in the fridge. So I'm not telling you a general life lesson or a fact about life.
所以在用第一條件句來警告你或提醒你，如果你不把牛奶放進冰箱的話，會發生什麼後果。我並不是在告訴你一個寬泛的生活課程，或某個關於生活的事實。
You probably already know that milk spoils but I'm giving you a suggestion or a reminder that you should put it in the fridge. Now look at a few more comparisons.
你可能已經知道牛奶會變質，但我在給你一個建議，或提醒你應該把它放在冰箱裡。現在讓我們再多看一些比較吧。
When the sun sets, it gets cold. Compare it to: When the sun sets, it will get cold.
太陽下山，天氣就變冷。比較一下：太陽下山時，天氣會變冷。
So I'm using the zero conditional again to talk about a general fact, all right? All around the world in general, it gets colder when the sun sets.
所以我這裡我還是在使用零條件句來談論一個一般的事實，對吧？總的來說，在世界各地，太陽下山時，天氣就變冷。
But if you're about to leave the house and you're wearing just a t-shirt and I might be a little bit worried that you're going to get cold then I might use the first conditional sentence to remind you that, you know, in a few hours when the sun sets. It's probably going to get cold and maybe you should bring a jacket.
但是如果你要離開家的話，但是你只穿了一件T恤，我可能會有點擔心你可能會感冒，那我可能會用第一條件句來提醒你，幾個小時後當太陽下山時會怎麼樣。天氣可能會變冷，也許你應該帶一件夾克。
Let's try one more. If she doesn't call, I'm annoyed.
讓我們再試一次。如果她不打電話，我就很生氣。
If she doesn't call, I'll be annoyed. So in the first situation, the zero conditional is used because it's something that happens a lot right?
如果她不打電話的話，我會很生氣的。因此，在第一種情況下使用零條件句，是因為這件事經常發生，對吧？
She often doesn't call and every time I'm annoyed. Every time she doesn't call I'm annoyed.
她常常不打電話，每次讓會我很生氣。每次她不打給我，我都很生氣。
It's a really general statement about how I feel on many occasions. In the first conditional example though, I'm talking about a specific phone call.
這是一個關於我在很多情況下的感覺的寬泛的陳述。在第一條件句子的例子中，我說的是一個特定的電話。
Maybe I'm waiting for a colleague to call. I'm waiting for some information that I need to finish writing my report by the deadline and she promised to call me this afternoon.
也許我在等同事給我打電話。我正在等待一些信息，我需要這些信息在截止日期之前完成我的報告，她承諾今天下午給我打電話的。
So I'm not talking about her general calling habits. I don't always get annoyed with her but I am talking about right now in this moment.
我說的並不是她一般的給人打電話的習慣。我並不總是對她感到惱火，但我說的是現在，就是此刻。
You know I'm worried that my colleague's not going to call and I'm just expressing that it's really annoying because I'm trying to finish my report.
Okay, I hope that you're feeling a bit more confident about using the zero and first conditional now because it's time to practise.
我很擔心我同事不會給我打電話，我只是在表達這真的很煩人，因為我正在努力完成我的報告。好吧，希望大家對使用零條件句和第一條件句感到更有信心了，因為是時候進行練習了。
So what I'm gonna do is I'll give you a situation and you're gonna have to write either a zero conditional sentence or a first conditional sentence to go with it, whichever one you think is the most appropriate one, right?
I want you to write your sentences in the comments below. I'll jump down and check them for you.
所以我要做的是給大家一種情境，而你要做的是用一個零條件句或第一條件句來描述它，你覺得哪個最合適。我想讓大家把自己的句子寫到下方的評論處。我會過去為大家檢查的。
You can write any of your own sentences if you want me to check them but for now, let's start with this one.
You're a teacher and you want to warn your students that they need to do their homework or tomorrow there's going to be trouble.
你可以寫任何你想讓我檢查的句子，但是現在呢，讓我們從這個開始吧。你是一名老師，你想警示一下你的學生，他們需要做功課，否則明天就會有麻煩。
They're going to get in trouble, right? So should you use the zero or the first conditional?
他們會遇到麻煩的，對吧？那麼，你應該使用零條件句還是第一條件句？
Good. It should be the first conditional. Now this is a warning about a specific situation, not a general truth because we're talking about tomorrow, okay? so you could say something like:
好的。應該是第一條件句。這是關於特定情況的警告，不是一般的事實，因為我們在談論明天的情況，所以你可以這樣說：
If you don't do your homework, you'll be in trouble. So I've got a few more situations just like this one where you'll have to choose is it more appropriate to use the zero conditional or the first conditional?
如果你不做功課，你會遇到麻煩的。所以我準備了其他幾種情況，你要選擇到底是使用零條件句還是使用第一條件句更加合適。
So you'll see that situation come up on screen, pause it if you need to so that you can write your sentences in the comments below. I'll come down and check them for you.
你會在屏幕上看到這些情況，如果需要的話，可以暫停視頻，以便你可以在評論區寫下自己的句子。我會過去為大家檢查的。
So let's get started! Situation one.
所以讓我們開始吧！情況一。
You're talking to a child and you're explaining a fact about what happens in spring. You're talking to a friend and you want to warn them to not be late to work tomorrow.
你在和孩子說話，你在解釋一個關於春天會發生什麼的事實。你正在與朋友聊天，並且想要警告他們，明天不要遲到。
You're a politician giving a speech and you want to promise change in the future if the people vote for you. You're writing a cookbook and you need to write a statement telling people that they can always change the ingredients if they have a food allergy.
你是一位政治家，要發表演講，你想要承諾如果大家給你投票的話，未來會帶來改變的。你正在寫一本食譜，你需要寫一個說明，告訴大家如果他們對某種食物過敏的話，可以改變食物的原料。
Now if you're still feeling confused about conditionals or maybe you're feeling like I'm just starting to get the hang of this, that's okay, you know, conditional tenses are a huge topic.
They're a huge part of English grammar which is why I'm creating dedicated lessons to all the different conditional structures.
如果你對條件句感到疑惑，或者也許你感覺自己才剛剛開始掌握，沒關係的，條件句的時態是一個很大的話題。它們是英語語法的重要組成部分，這就是為什麼我要出專門的課程來介紹所有不同的條件句的結構。
If you found this lesson particularly helpful then please give it a like and share it. It really does help us at mmmEnglish.
如果你認為本課特別有幫助的話，請給它一個贊，並且分享一下。這確實對美味英語頻道有所幫助。
Now if you come back next week, I will have a new English lesson for you but in the meantime, check out these ones here. I'll see you there!
如果你下周還會回來的話，我將為大家準備一門新的英語課程，但是在這期間，大家可以看一下這些課程。我在那裡等著你！