Why couldn't India make it to the moon while countries like the USA and Russia succeeded almost 50 years ago? Does that mean India's science and technology is 50 years behind the developed countries like USA?
為什麼印度至今還未能成功登月，而美國和俄羅斯等國家在近50年前就成功了?這是不是意味著印度的科學技術比美國等發達國家落後50年?
QUORA網站讀者評論：
Ankit Singh, Knows a little something about space exploration
We couldn't and are not going to any time soon because we lack the technology to do so. Robert Frost's answer regarding the technology required to go to the moon is pretty insightful, so give it a read. Here's the link: How did we lose the technology to go to the Moon? If it has been built, it can be built again, can't it? What exactly is the problem? Also, we have had other priorities that needed immediate attention. And, since India is a developing country, ISRO never really had the budget to compete with NASA.
我們沒能力也不會在近期這麼做，因為我們缺乏技術。羅伯特·弗羅斯特關於登月所需技術的回答非常有見地，不妨讀一讀。連結：我們是如何失去登月技術的?如果飛行器建成過，還可以再建，不是嗎?到底有什麼問題?此外，我們還有其他需要馬上優先解決的事。而且，由於印度是發展中國家，ISRO從來沒有足夠的預算與NASA競爭。
譯文來源：三泰虎 http://www.santaihu.com/46832.html 譯者：Joyceliu
Benefit of manned missions
載人飛行的好處
Source: www.nasa.gov
As one of the answer in the feed notes "It is useless to send a person to the moon", this is an ignorant statement to make, and nothing can be more further from the truth.
For one, robots cannot compete with humans because they are not autonomous. Understand this, they are manually controlled and are provided with a set of instructions to do even the most menial tasks.
Just look at the mars mission, the curiosity rover landed on mars on August 6, 2012, and it reached the 10 km milestone on April 16, 2015. A manned mission any given day would be much more efficient and will yield much better results.
來源:www.nasa.gov
正如某個回答中說的「把人送上月球並沒有用」，這是很無知的說法，沒有比這更離譜的了。
首先，機器人不能與人類競爭，因為它們沒有自主性。必須理解這一點，它們是人類手動控制的，就算是最簡單的事，也需要人類提供一組指令才能完成。
看看火星任務，好奇號探測器於2012年8月6日登陸火星，並於2015年4月16日實現10公裡的裡程碑記錄。任何時候的載人任務都會更有效率，也會帶來更好的結果。
Soumadeep Mazumdar, I (used to) write long answers.
So, after solving our problems of widespread corruption, mass poverty, public hygiene, discrimination based on caste and creed, female foeticide, frequent rapes and unemployment, we Indians are now judging our development based on our capability to send men to the moon?
Let me tell you a little story which might be analogous to the scenario.
There are three kids at school, USA, Russia and India. USA and Russia are both rich brats who have accomplished quite a lot in their respective fields of academics and sports. The come to school everyday via their dad's limousine and bring fancy food for lunch to avoid the school cafeteria. One fine day, both these superkids decide that they already have a lot in life and it's now time for a girlfriend. So Russia goes ahead and asks out Sputnik. This makes the USA furious, since they were supposed to be brothers and now Russia seems to be winning the contest by leaps and bounds. So, the ever overcompensating USA decides to take it a step further, and does something which would gather a lot of media coverage and appraisal, although being totally useless from a strategic point of view. He asks out a teacher, Mrs. Moon. After years of trying, spending lavishly on her, she finally agrees, and satisfies USA's desperate need to stay at the top of everything, every time.
所以，在解決了普遍存在的腐敗、大規模貧困、公共衛生、基於種姓和宗教的歧視、殺害女性胎兒、經常曝出的強姦案和失業等問題之後，我們印度人現在又要根據我們能不能把人送上月球對我們的發展評頭論足了?
我來給你們講一個類似的小故事。
學校裡有三個孩子，美國，俄羅斯和印度。美國和俄羅斯都是富家子弟，各自在學業和體育領域都取得了相當大的成就。他們每天乘坐爸爸的豪華轎車來學校，帶著精美的午餐，看不上學校的自助餐廳。在一個風和日麗的日子裡，這兩個牛娃決定了，既然他們生活中啥也不缺了，該找個女朋友了。所以俄羅斯開始跟人造衛星約會了。這讓美國怒不可遏，因為他們本應是兄弟，而現在俄羅斯似乎正神速地贏得了這場競賽。所以，美國決定要超過俄羅斯，做點吸引大量媒體報導和評價的事情，儘管從戰略角度來說這樣做完全沒用。他約了一位老師，月亮夫人。經過多年的努力，在她身上一擲千金，她最終同意了，並滿足了美國在任何時候、任何事情上保持領先的迫切需要。
All the while, Russia and USA were searching for a girl, India could barely, deliver newspapers in the morning to pay for his school, cook for his unemployed, drug addicted father, mourn for his long lost mother, and then walk to school. When he reaches there, he hasn't got the time or energy to gather any interest about what USA and Russia are fighting about. He is too busy running to the school cafeteria to fetch the last morsel of food.
Now the background story to this analogy.
USA and Russia had already proved to the world that they were capable, that they were the superpowers. They surpassed most other countries in technological, social and almost every other aspect. Communication satellites were crucial for development. Russia made an attempt, succeeded. But that was that. It was absolutely unnecessary for anyone to go to the moon, except for proving USA's point that they are better than the Russians. USA took this one way to far ahead to be useful to any end. Just to prove a point, they used their surplus of resources on a project that had no humanitarian value. Just because, "they can".
與此同時，在俄羅斯和美國尋找女友的時候，印度只能在早上送報紙付學費，為他失業、吸毒的父親做飯，追憶很早就過世的母親，然後步行上學。當他到了學校，他已經沒有時間和精力去關注美國和俄羅斯正在為什麼而戰。他得趕到學校的自助餐廳吃點殘羹冷炙。
這就跟登月相似。
美國和俄羅斯已經向世界證明了他們的能力，他們是超級大國。他們在技術、社會和幾乎所有領域都超過了絕大多數國家。通信衛星對發展至關重要。俄羅斯做了一次嘗試，成功了。但也僅此而已。對任何國家而言，除了證明美國認為自己比俄羅斯更優秀之外，登月都是完全沒有必要的。美國在這條單行道上領先了很多。為了證明這一點，他們把多餘的資源用在了一件沒有人道主義價值的事情上。只為了證明「他們有能力」。
To sum up,
Recreation comes later. Only when the basic amenities are available. You breathe first, smoke later. Eat first, dine later. Live first, enjoy later.
No, we Indians aren't incapable of sending men to the moon, or in that case to any other planet. There are team members at NASA from India who are still sending men to the moon. Indian physicists worked on the CERN supercollider. There are Indians working at Facebook, Amazon and Google who are just as capable of starting a new company of their own. But we are too tired. After struggling 20 years for an engineering or equivalent degree and trying to keep ourselves in the sun with a population of 1.2 billion, we Indians prefer to enjoy a little of our time cherishing the position we scratched and clawed to achieve. We don't see a point of sending men to the moon just to fulfil our surreal need for approval, when people at home are dying everyday. So, we read some story about some guy who quit his job and created a startup which is now a multi-billion dollar company and wonder, whether Indians are incapable of doing so. That's not the case. We worked too hard to get that job, and we just can't take the risk of quitting and finding another if our startup doesn't work out. We are incapable by force, not by choice.
綜上所述,
必須先有基礎條件，才能有娛樂聲馬。你要先能呼吸，再考慮抽菸。先有吃的，再談宴席。先活下來，再來享受生活。
不，我們印度人並不是沒有能力把人送上月球，或者其他任何星球。美國國家航空和宇宙航行局的一些團隊成員來自印度，他們仍在向月球運送太空人。印度物理學家在歐洲核子研究中心的超級對撞機上工作。在Facebook、亞馬遜和谷歌工作的印度人也有能力創辦自己的新公司。但是我們太累了。印度有12億人口，我們拼命讀書20年才能拿到工程學或同等學位，並努力讓自己生活無憂。如今，我們印度人更願意花一點時間好好享受，珍惜自己努力爭取到的地位。我們不認為把人類送上月球僅僅是為了滿足我們對世人認可的超現實需求，因為我們每天都有同胞逝去。所以，我們能看到有些人會辭掉工作，創建初創公司，如今市值達到數十億美元，我們想知道，印度人是否有能力做到這一點。可那不一樣。為了得到那份工作，我們太過努力了。我們不能冒險辭職，萬一創業失敗，還得再另一份工作。
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Kshitij Salgunan, Indian Internet activist
It is basically USELESS to send a person to moon. By useless, I hearby mean that we don't get any new knowledge or new sample or anything useful. The same is the case of sending a person to mars.
We can instead send robots which can collect samples, test them and they can work endlessly there.
Sending a human will also require development in various other technologies like 'life supporting space vehicle' which can be extremely costly.
The cost of sending a single human to moon under current circumstances will be 100times the cost of sending the mars probe (manglayaan). The Govt. of India allocates only a tiny budget for space research, so tiny that it is unbelievable that they were able to make, plan and send a probe to mars!
Read this descriptive answer to know more abut Mangalyaan mission:- What is the breakdown of cost for a space mission like India's Mars mission?
把人送上月球，基本上沒什麼實際用處。所謂無用，我指的是我們並不能從中任何新知識或新樣本或任何有用的東西。把人送到火星上也一樣。
我們可以把機器人送去收集樣本，測試樣本，它們可以在那裡不眠不休地工作。
而載人航空需要研發其他技術，比如「可維持生命的太空飛行器」，造價可能會非常昂貴。
在目前情況下，將人送上月球的成本將是將發射火星探測器的100倍。印度政府對太空研究的預算撥款極少，少到他們能夠製造、籌劃以及向火星發射探測器都變成了一場天方夜譚!
大家可以讀一讀這個回答，了解更多關於曼加裡安發射任務的細節：太空發射任務，以印度的火星任務為例，各項成本是多少?
Balaji Viswanathan, Indian by Birth. Indian by Thought.
In the 1960s, the US put all its heart into NASA and the moon mission. There was a big fear that US would lose out to Soviet Union (Russia) in the space race. Such an urgency is the best incentive for scientific development. Resources were poured in and it was the national priority. US spent around $35b in today's dollars year after year.
To put that in context, India spent $1.1 billion on ISRO last year in a year it sent the MARS mission. It has a fraction of the resources that NASA got. However, even NASA has to rely on the Russians to get to the space these days, as the older priorities have gone and the gap between NASA and ISRO is slowly reducing.
20世紀60年代，美國把所有精力都投入在NASA和登月任務上。人們非常擔心美國在太空競賽中會輸給蘇聯(俄羅斯)。這種緊迫性是科學發展的最佳動力。資源大量注入，這是國家的當務之急。以今天的美元價值計算，美國那些年花費了大約350億美元。
去年，印度在發射火星任務的一年中，為ISRO花費了11億美元。它的資源只佔到了NASA的一小部分。然而，即使是NASA現在也不得不依靠俄羅斯人進入太空，因為歷史上的當務之急不復存在，NASA和ISRO之間的差距正在慢慢縮小。
Besides that the US had historically imposed plenty of restrictions on ISRO and we had to bootstrap a lot of it without outside help. U.S. SANCTIONS IMPOSED ON RUSSIAN, INDIAN SPACE GROUPS (1992 news). NASA, in comparison, had the best of talent from all over the world.
此外，美國歷史上曾對ISRO施加過大量限制，我們不得不在沒有外援的情況下自力更生。美國對俄羅斯、印度航天集團實施制裁(1992年的新聞)。相比之下，NASA擁有來自世界各地最優秀的人才。
I must study politics and war, that our sons may have liberty to study mathematics and philosophy. Our sons ought to study mathematics and philosophy, geography, natural history and naval architecture, navigation, commerce and agriculture in order to give their children a right to study painting, poetry, music, architecture, statuary, tapestry and porcelain.
-- John Adams (Second American President)
Gandhi, Patel, Netaji, Nehru, Rajaji, Shastri and Prasad studied politics and war, so that we have the liberty to pursue mathematics, commerce and engineering. We have started to see the positive effects. If we keep walking that path and do our duty well, our children could study poetry and music.
我必須學習政治和戰爭，這樣我們的後代就可以自由地學習數學和哲學。我們的後代應該學習數學和哲學、地理、自然史、造船、航海、商業和農業，以便給他們的孩子學習繪畫、詩歌、音樂、建築、雕塑、掛毯和瓷器的權利。
——約翰·亞當斯(美國第二任總統)
甘地、帕特爾、尼塔吉、尼赫魯、拉賈吉、沙斯特裡和普拉薩德學習政治和戰爭，這樣我們就有學習數學、商業和工程學的自由。我們已經開始看到了積極的影響。如果我們繼續沿著這條路前進，好好履行我們的職責，我們的孩子就能學習詩歌和音樂了。
Hrishikesh Kamat, Indian by Heart
Is going to the moon the only way to infer about some country's technological progress ??
India came up with their own Cryogenic Engine when it was refused help.
The Agni missile family are devastating and accurate
We have nuclear research
Majority of the programmers and research people overseas are Indian in origin.
The Mangal Yaan was built within a budget less than that of the movie GRAVITY !
Indian Engineers are highly demanded in the Industry
登陸月球時判斷某個國家技術進步的唯一方法嗎？？
當求助無門時，印度獨力研發了低溫發動機。
火神飛彈系列擁有極高的毀滅性和精確性
我們有核武器研究
大多數海外程式設計師和研究人員都是印度人。
曼加爾的建造預算比電影《地心引力》的預算還要低！
印度工程師在行業中非常緊俏。
I don't think its justifiable to conclude someone's technological progress depending upon moon missions.
There are better ways to spend the same amout of money
Moon missions were taken to explore the moon and not to show technological advancement. Since we already know what is up there. We don't find it reasonable to go up there :P Better let the money stay in Swiss Banks
我認為用登月任務來評判某個國家的技術是否發達是不合理的。
我們可以把同樣的錢用在更好的地方。
登月是為了探索月球，而非炫耀技術的進步。既然我們已經知道月球上面是什麼樣了。我們覺得登月不合理，最好把錢留在瑞士銀行。
Nishant Jain, studied at Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak
first question should come in mind why usa is able to send man into moon in 1950 and 1960 but after that it fail to send what is responsibe for ussr and usa becoming so powerful in 1950 and 1960 in space scientific reserach and but after that it becom weak reasons for usa and ussr capability to send man into moon in 1950 and 1960 are :-
1 german expertise in rocket : germans are expert in rocket engineering in 1940 germans created powerful rockets in 1940. their roce ket expertise is best in world due to large reserach experience.after germans got defeated ,usa and ussr take german rocket scientists to their countries to develop powerful weapons .russia and usa was able to develop weapons quickly due to expertise of german scientist . than question come into mind " why usa is able to send man into moon " reason is von braun who is architect of saturn v rocket and most genius german . usa got most capable rocket scientist in world.
2 strong economy of usa and russia : usa and russia economy is very strong at that time that why they were able to afford expensive reserach
第一個問題應該是，為什麼美國能夠在20世紀五六十年代把人送上月球，但後來又不行了？蘇聯和美國的太空科學研究在20世紀五六十年代那麼強大，之後為何如此積弱？美國和蘇聯能在20世紀五六十年代將人送上月球的原因是什麼？
1.火箭上的德國專家：德國人精通火箭工程，1940年德國人發明了威力強大的火箭。他們在火箭方面的專業知識是世界上最好的，因為他們有豐富的研究經驗。德國戰敗後，美國和蘇聯把德國的火箭科學家帶到各自的國家研製強大的武器，俄羅斯和美國憑藉德國科學家的專業技術迅速研製出了武器。當我想到「為什麼美國能把人送上月球」這個問題時，我想到了馮布勞恩，他是土星五號火箭的設計者，也是德國最富天才的人。美國獲得了世界上實力最強的火箭科學家。
2.美國和俄羅斯的強勁經濟：美國和俄羅斯的經濟在那個時候非常強大，因此他們能夠負擔得起昂貴的科研費用
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Ashish Jagani
Russians never went to the moon.
And US going to moon is still a debate. There are documentaries which proves that they never went to moon.
And does it matters if we send a guy to moon or not. Its not gonna change any thing.
Instead focus all efforts on getting better satellite systems, and sending robots to moon to find source of minerals and other research.
俄羅斯人從未登上過月球。
美國人的登月行動仍然存在爭議。有一些紀錄片證明他們從未去到過月球。
我們有沒有把人送上月球真的很重要嗎?這並不會改變任何事情。
相反，我們應該把所有的精力都集中在研發更優秀的衛星系統上，把機器人送上月球去尋找礦物資源和其他研究。
Himanshu Angolkar, Patriot
Because India has so many other issues
To fight against oppressed and backwards.
Religious issues - hindutva is the only solution for complete development of India.
Nationality. To be decided only by few handful people who believe killing of Gandhi was a patriotic act.
Corruption.
Blind faith, superstition, traditions, culture should not be forgotten.
Ram mandir. For development of India
Science is bulls***t because science is against religion. Though these people will use every and each gadget and products developed by science (phone, fan, car, plane, TV etc)
8.Any person or group who is against the above mentioned points should be called anti national.
因為印度還有很多其他問題
反對壓迫和逆行倒退。
宗教問題—推行印度教是印度全面發展的唯一解決方案。
民族。只有少數人認為刺殺甘地是愛國行為。
腐敗。
盲目信仰、迷信、傳統、文化不應被遺忘。
為了印度的發展，打擊寺廟。
科學是狗屁，因為科學反對宗教。儘管這些人也離不開應用了各項科技的小玩意兒和商品(電話、風扇、汽車、飛機、電視等)
任何反對上述觀點的人或團體都應被稱為反國家者。
Ravi Ranjan, Senior Consultant - Cyber Risk
USA has not gone back to moon in 50 years. Does that mean they have forgotten all their research?
And BTW when did someone from Russia went to moon?
美國已經50年沒有重返月球了。這是否意味著他們忘記了所有的研究?
順便問一下，俄羅斯人什麼時候登月的?
Ansh Kathpalia, Bharat Petroleum | IIM Indore | NIT Jaipur
Why aim for the moon, when we can reach Mars in the first attempt????
當我們首次嘗試就能到達火星時，為什麼還要盯著月球不放呢?
Rohit Gulati, Football fanatic,Loving brother,aspiring engineer. Drunk with thoughts
Bro,we had independence about 67 years ago. America had independence 238 years ago. Our premier instituition,namely IIT Kharagpur was founded in 1951. MIT was founded in 1861. We are actually doing better than them in comparison on some points. We support 1.2 billion people here buddy
我說夥計，我們67年前才獨立。而美國238年前就獨立了。我們的第一學府，印度理工學院，1951年才成立。而麻省理工學院1861年就成立了。實際上，我們在某些方面做得比他們還好。我們養活了12億人口，夥計。
Faisal Shafi, Interested in Indo-Pak relations
Because of the caste system
就因為我們的種姓制度啊
Mrigendra Chaubey, harry potter buff.
First think why is there a need for India to go on moon.If that is really important , develop technologically or buy it.
首先想想為什麼印度需要登月。如果這真的很重要，那就研發技術或者購買技術。
Ajit Gandhi, studied at Be in Ec (2011)
No one is going to the Moon now. Last man to step in was in 1972. Why?
All the Space organizations have realized that going to the Moon doesn’t worth the input it requires. The latest project was Constellation program (2005–09) but was again cancelled by Obama. Reason mentioned was financial.
We have so many conspiracy theories but we should ignore all of them and talk factual.
現在沒有人要去月球。最後一個登月的人是在1972年去的。為什麼?
所有的太空組織都意識到，不值得為登月投入這麼多。最新的項目是星座計劃(2005-09)，但又一次被歐巴馬取消。取消的原因就在於經濟方面的考慮。
我們聽到許許多多陰謀論，但我們應該忽略它們，只講事實。
Pratik Chatse, cogito ergo sum
Because Pakistan did not do it first. Or else we would have been on moon soon
因為巴基斯坦不是那個第一個登上月球的國家。不然我們早也緊跟著成功登月了。
Abhishek Batni, All those who wander are not lost
The US and Russia had a Cold War to deal with. They had to prove their respective superiorites, whereas we just don't need to send a probe or people to the moon, even though we did send Chandrayaan. As for the technology, we do have the tech as shown by the above mentioned Chandrayaan and are recent probe sent to Mars
美國和俄羅斯當時需要應對冷戰。他們必須證明各自的實力，而我們不需要發射探測器或送人上月球，雖然我們確實也發射了月船號。至於技術，我們確實擁有如上所述的「月船號」和最近發射到火星的探測器所證明的技術實力。
Rama Raju Indukuri, Lived here all my life.. just under tropic of cancer
Its ethical to feed the hungry than send someone to moon
讓挨餓的人吃飽飯比把人送上月球更合乎道德倫理
Vishvesh Tadsare
Well India must first fight sanitation, hygiene, waste management, human resource development, infant mortality, child abuse and poverty, patient care etc. The list goes on and on....
Going to moon is a luxury that only countries that have solved its basic problems can afford!
印度必須首先與衛生、垃圾管理、人力資源開發、嬰兒夭折、虐待兒童、貧困、病人護理等問題作鬥爭，林林總總不勝枚舉....
登月是件奢侈的事，只有那些解決了基本社會問題的國家才負擔得起!
Aswin Das, Philanthropist, Football enthusiast, Atheist, Car lover
It doesn't mean that India is lagging in science and technology. The only advantage of sending a person to moon is, that he will get a place in our Physics and History text books.
這並不意味著印度在科技方面落於人後。把人送上月球的唯一好處是，他會在我們的物理和歷史教科書上佔有一席之地。
Nita Agarwal, Knows about politics!
Yes we are behind in technology . We only copy and replicate things . R & D suffers due to lack of vision and corruption as a result brain drain of Indians happens
是的，我們在技術上落後了。我們只會山寨和複製。由於缺乏遠見和貪汙腐敗，印度出現了人才流失，研發受到影響
Varesh Kumar
Russians hasn't been to moon. Only USA has. During cold war russians sent the first man to space so to counter it, USA lied that they have been to moon.
There are many theories and valid points with proof to support this. Go on youtube and check out the documentry - have we landed on moon
俄羅斯人還沒去過月球。只有美國人去過。在冷戰期間，俄羅斯人率先將人送入太空，為了反擊，美國就謊稱他們去過月球。
有許多理論和證據支持這個觀點。登陸youtube看看紀錄片——我們真的登上月球了嗎？
外文連結：https://www.quora.com/Why-couldnt-India-make-it-to-the-moon-while-countries-like-the-USA-and-Russia-succeeded-almost-50-years-ago-Does-that-mean-Indias-science-and-technology-is-50-years-behind-the-developed-countries-like-USA