外刊閱讀day 232， 文章來自2月18日《紐約時報》。
世界的融合是一把雙刃劍。
毫無疑問，全球化促使經濟有了更快的發展，但是因為政治操縱、文化差異等各種因素，讓許多亞裔人種一直處於受歧視的煎熬之中。
然而，無論是語言上的羞辱，還是動作上的推搡，亞裔身份從來不是一種恥辱，而是一份對故鄉的牽絆。
不管外界如何，我們都應該團結起來，反對種族偏見，為亞裔群體發聲。
【文章難度】⭐⭐⭐⭐
【文章字數】980 words（文末可下載全文pdf）
Anti-Asian Racism Isn’t New
針對亞裔的種族主義並不新鮮
*作者Qian Julie Wang是一名律師，也是即將出版的《Beautiful Country: A Memoir of an Undocumented Childhood》作者
One of the first English words I learned was an ethnic slur I heard whenever my parents and I walked around the city. I was 7 years old and had just moved to Brooklyn from China. One day, eager to show off, I turned to my father and declared, 「We are chinks now!」 in English. My father looked as if I had stabbed him. In a grave, low voice he told me to never utter that word again.
🌟slur
[slɝ:] n. 誹謗，詆毀
例：His comments cast a slur on the integrity of his employees.
他的評論是對其僱員正直品質的詆毀。
詞彙拓展
📒slur這個詞作名詞時，還有模糊的聲音之意；但其實我們更為常用的是它的動詞，表「含糊地說」。
例：Her speech was slurred. 她說話口齒不清。
That slur has haunted me throughout my life, cutting like a knife when I least expect it. A boy on a bike once screamed it so deep into my ear that it rang for hours afterward. The ringing eventually subsided, but the street harassment became a regular fixture in my life.
🌟 haunt
[hɑ:nt] v. 使經常苦惱，困擾（某人）
例：Fighting in Vietnam was an experience that would haunt him for the rest of his life.越南戰爭的經歷給他日後的生活留下了揮之不去的陰影。
詞彙拓展
📒這個詞是六級詞彙哦！它也可以作名詞，表示「常去的地方」，常見詞組：be a favourite haunt for sb. 某人最喜歡去的地方。
例：The Channel Islands are a favourite summer haunt for UK and French yachtsmen alike. 夏天，英國和法國的遊艇愛好者都喜歡在英吉利海峽群島出沒。
✍️現在很多年輕人都去北上廣深打拼，這樣的群體我們親切地取名為「北漂」「深漂」「滬漂」；而家鄉對他們來說只能算是每年過年時才會回去的「故地」，如果想說某人重回故地，該怎麼說呢？我們可以用revisit one’s old haunts這個詞組；如：Mary came up to Chongqing to revisit her old haunts.
🌟 subside
[səbˈsaɪd] v.平息
例：The police are hoping that the violence will soon subside.
警方希望暴力事件會很快平息。
詞彙拓展
📒subside是不及物動詞，要注意和名詞subsidy [ˈsʌb.sə.di]（津貼）進行區分哦，僅一個字母之差，讀音和詞義卻相差甚遠。
Before the pandemic, the simple act of walking to the courthouse where I work demanded exhaustive control of my body. For a while I tried very hard to make myself look less feminine and more white. I』d pretend to be deaf when strangers addressed me with their eyes pulled back into a slant while taunting 「Me love you long time」 or loudly said they had 「yellow fever.」
大流行之前，就連步行去我工作的法院，都需要我極力控制自己的身體。有一段時間，我竭力使自己看起來不那么女性化，而且更像白人。當陌生人把眼睛向斜後方拉長，用「我愛你很久」（Me love you long time，是對亞洲女性的羞辱短語。——編注）奚落我，或者大聲說他們得了「黃熱病」時，我會假裝聽不見。🌟address
[əˈdres] v. 對...說話
例：I did not give you leave to address me so informally.
我沒有允許你這麼隨便地對我說話。
詞彙拓展
⚠️熟詞僻義，要注意哦！我們最熟悉的詞義是address作名詞表「地址」。但其實它有動詞詞義，除了上述意思，最常用的動詞詞義是處理，對付。
例：We must all address ourselves to the task in hand. 我們都必須處理手頭的人物。
⚠️寫雅思大作文時，deal with/ cope with的替換詞就可以用address。
As the coronavirus spread, I began to dread my commute to work. People made a show of keeping away from me even in crowded subway train cars. Other times, the harassment was more overt — strangers bumped their shoulders into me; someone jabbed me with the pointy metal end of a long umbrella while shouting, 「Go back to China.」 My parents wore hats, sunglasses and double masks whenever they left the house.
🌟dread
[dred] v. 擔心，畏懼
例：She had begun to dread his visits. 她開始擔心他的造訪了。
詞彙拓展
📒dread常見詞組：dread (sb) doing sth擔心某人做某事，例：
I'm dreading having to meet his parents. 因為不得不見他的父母，我很害怕。
🌟overt
[oʊˈvɝ:t] adj. 明顯的，公開的
例：He shows no overt signs of his unhappiness. 他沒有明顯表現出不高興。
知識拓展
📒其反義詞比它只多一個字母，即covert，表示隱蔽的，秘密的；可以一同記憶。
例：The government was accused of covert military operations against the regime.
該政府被指責秘密組織推翻這一政權的軍事行動。
🌟jab
[dʒæb] v. 刺，捅
例：The doctor jabbed the needle into the dog's leg.
醫生將針頭扎入狗的腿中。
詞彙拓展
📒jab這個詞在日常生活中很常用，比如上學的時候，某個男生的鉛筆差點就戳到他同桌的眼睛裡，這時候我們就可以用jab來造句。
例：He nearly jabbed him in the eye with his pencil. 他差點拿鉛筆戳到她的眼睛。
✍️jab a finger at 也可以表示用手指著某人，如：
He was jabbing a finger at (= towards) them and shouting angrily.
他用手指著他們，憤怒地又喊又叫。
The last time I took the train to work, in March, a man put his face inches away from mine and shouted 「chink」 while looking me dead in the eyes. Not one person came to my defense. The slur rang through my ears, transporting me back to my childhood. I haven’t set foot on a train or a bus since.
我最後一次坐地鐵上班是在去年3月，一個男人把他的臉湊到我面前幾英寸的地方，死死盯著我，嘴裡喊著「中國佬」。沒有人為我說話。那個詞在我耳邊迴響，把我帶回童年。從那以後，我再也沒有坐過地鐵或者巴士。🌟 set foot on踏上
⚠️註：set的過去分詞還是set
例：It was the first time she had set foot in the desert. 這是她第一次到沙漠。
詞彙拓展
📒今天再補充一個與set foot on結構相似的習語，即set eyes on sb/sth，表示親眼看見；這兩個短語可以一同記憶。
例：Everyone keeps talking about Patrick, but I've never set eyes on the man.
每個人都在談論Patrick，可我從來都沒見過他。
I’m far from alone. The United States has had a surge in violence against Asian-Americans during the pandemic. Between March and December 2020, Stop AAPI Hate, an initiative that tracks and responds to reported incidents of violence and discrimination directed at Asian-Americans and Pacific Islanders, received more than 2,800 reports of incidents against Asian-Americans. Stop AAPI Hate also found that women are twice as likely as men to report coronavirus-related harassment.
還有很多人和我一樣。大流行期間，在美國，針對亞裔美國人的暴力激增。在2020年3月至12月期間，追蹤和回應針對亞裔美國人和太平洋島民的暴力與歧視事件的組織Stop AAPI Hate收到了超過2800例針對亞裔美國人的事件報告。Stop AAPI Hate還發現，報告和新冠病毒相關騷擾的女性是男性的兩倍。Though Anti-Asian sentiment has increased during the pandemic, it is woven into the very fabric of this country. The Page Act of 1875 effectively barred Chinese women, who were believed to spread sexual disease and to pose a threat to white values, lives and futures, from entering the country. The Chinese Exclusion Act, which was signed into law in 1882, was the first and only enacted legislation to prohibit immigration of all individuals of a particular national origin. The exclusion laws weren’t repealed until 1943, when Congress established an immigration quota for China of about 105 visas per year.
儘管反亞裔情緒在大流行期間有所增加，但它早已融入美國的社會結構。1875年的《佩奇法案》(Page Act)實際上禁止了中國女性進入美國，因為她們被認為傳播性疾病，並對白人價值觀、生命和未來構成威脅。《排華法案》(Chinese Exclusion Act)於1882年籤署成為法律，是第一部也是唯一一部禁止全體特定國籍者移民的立法。直到1943年，國會制定了每年大約105個籤證的中國移民配額，才廢除了這項排外法案。The country’s legal framework dehumanized Asian immigrants, and in turn emboldened Americans to brutalize us. In the Chinese Massacre of 1871, a white mob hanged nearly 20 Chinese immigrants in makeshift gallows in Los Angeles. In 1930, hundreds of white men roamed the streets of Watsonville, Calif., terrorizing Filipino farmworkers for days before killing a man. After Pearl Harbor, an angry nation used Japanese-Americans as a scapegoat. After the Vietnam War, the Ku Klux Klan tried to drive Vietnamese-Americans out of Texas by burning their houses and boats — a symptom of anti-Vietnamese sentiment across the country.
美國的法律框架不把亞洲移民當人對待，反過來又縱容美國人有恃無恐地殘害我們。在1871年的華人大屠殺中，一名白人暴徒在洛杉磯臨時改裝的絞刑架上吊死了近20名中國移民。1930年，數百名白人衝上加利福尼亞州沃森維爾的街道，連續數天恐嚇菲律賓農場工人，隨後殺死一名男子。珍珠港事件發生後，憤怒的美國把日裔美國人當作替罪羊。越南戰爭結束後，三K黨試圖通過燒毀房屋和船隻將越南裔美國人驅逐出得州——這是全國各地反越南情緒的體現。🌟embolden
[ɪmˈboʊl.dən] v. 使有膽量，鼓勵
⚠️註：文中翻譯成「縱容」是因為英文語境帶有貶義。
例：Emboldened by drink, he walked over to speak to her.
他借酒壯膽，走上前去與她搭話。
詞彙拓展
📒其常見搭配：embolden sb to do sth鼓勵某人做某事；可以與encourage sb to do sth作替換。
例：High customer demand emboldened companies to begin a programme of high investment. 客戶需求巨大促使公司大膽啟動了巨額投資計劃。
The recent spate of attacks is targeting the most vulnerable members of our community. Two assailants slapped an 89-year-old woman in the face and set her shirt on fire in Brooklyn last fall. In January, an 84-year-old man died after he was brutally attacked while on a morning walk in San Francisco. This week a 52-year-old woman waiting in line outside a bakery in Flushing, Queens, was rushed to the hospital after she was violently shoved and blacked out.
最近發生的一系列攻擊是針對我們社區中最脆弱的成員。去年秋天，在布魯克林，兩名襲擊者掌摑一名89歲女性，並將其襯衫點燃。1月在舊金山，一名84歲的男性在早晨散步時遭到殘暴的襲擊後身亡。本周，一名52歲的女性在皇后區法拉盛一家麵包店外排隊等候時遭暴力推搡，暈倒後被緊急送往醫院。🌟 a spate of 一連串...
例：The guidelines were introduced five years ago after a spate of scandals.
這些方針是在五年前一系列醜聞發生後採用的。
詞彙拓展
📒這個詞組可以和a series of互換（這裡的series單復同型），如：a series of meetings一系列會議。spate這個詞在英式英語中還可以表示「洪水」，in spate表示（河水）泛濫；
例：The Thames was in spate, with flocks of Canada geese speeding downriver.
泰晤士河河水暴漲，成群的加拿大大雁迅速遊向下遊。
🌟 assailant
[əˈseɪ.lənt] n. 攻擊者
例：Can you describe your assailant? 你能描述一下攻擊你的人嗎？
詞彙拓展
📒assailant是由及物動詞assail加名詞後綴-ant（表示「做...動作者」）變化而來。assail是criticize的同義詞，可以用在正式文體中，表示猛烈抨擊；
例：She was constantly assailing him at public meetings.
她經常在公開會議上責罵他。
🌟slap sb in/across the face掌摑某人
例：She slapped him in/across the face. 她抽了他一記耳光。
詞彙拓展
📒slap這個及物動詞很有意思，拍的身體部位不同，表示的含義不一樣，如果有人slap sb on the back，可不要光以為他就是拍了拍你的後背，也許他是祝賀你結婚呢；
例：His friends slapped him on the back when he said he was getting married (= hit him lightly on the back in a friendly way to express pleasure at what he had done).
他說自己要結婚了時，他的朋友都向他表示祝賀。
🌟 shove
[ʃʌv] v. 猛推
例：She was jostled and shoved by an angry crowd as she left the court.
她離開法庭時，被憤怒的人群推來搡去。
詞彙拓展
📒「把某人推到一邊」，可以說shove sb out of the way；
例：He shoved me out of the way. 他把我推到一邊。
📒今天我們再來學幾個跟shove有關的動詞詞組：
✍️ shove sb around對（某人）推推搡搡
例：The older boys at school are always shoving him around.
學校裡年齡大一點兒的男孩總是對他推推搡搡的。
✍️ shove off離開，走開
例：Shove off, I’m busy. 滾開，我很忙。
✍️ shove down寫下，記下
例：He shoved down a few notes before he forgot. 他簡單擠下來幾點，省得自己忘掉。
Many seem intent on ignoring our pain, marking us with the broad stroke of the condescending model-minority brush. They normalize racism against Asian-Americans, and allowed our former president to incite hatred using racist language like 「Kung flu」 and 「China plague.」
許多人似乎有意忽略我們的痛苦，傲慢地大筆一揮就把我們標記為模範少數族裔。他們將針對亞裔美國人的種族主義正常化，並允許我們的前總統用「功夫流感」和「中國瘟疫」之類的種族主義語言來煽動仇恨。🌟condescending
[ˌkɑ:n.dəˈsen.dɪŋ] adj. 居高臨下的
例：I hate the way he's so condescending to his staff!
我討厭他在員工面前那種居高臨下的樣子！
詞彙拓展
📒常見搭配：be condescending to sb屈尊對待某人
例：She’s so condescending to me. 她對我是那麼的屈尊俯就。
✍️這個詞是由動詞condescend加-ing變過來的；動詞condescend表示「屈尊做某事」，常跟不定式to do sth，例：
When he condescended to speak, he contradicted himself several times.
當他放下架子說話的時候，有好幾次前後不一。
At work, my boss accused me of being 「oversensitive,」 of making things about race that aren’t. I have been told that Asian-Americans don’t experience racism. I half-believed it, thinking that I was taking things too personally, being too weak — too 「Asian.」 When I said that my former law firm needed to do more than pay lip service to the Black Lives Matter movement, the same boss, a white man who used the term 「open kimono」 in business meetings, dismissed the idea and declared that I, as an Asian-American, had it so much better than 「them.」
在工作中，老闆指責我「過於敏感」，覺得什麼事都和種族有關。有人告訴我，亞裔美國人不會遭受種族主義。我半信半疑，以為自己把這些事情太當回事，太脆弱——太「亞洲人」。在我的上一家律師事務所，當我說律所為「黑人的命也是命」(Black Lives Matter)運動所做的不應該僅限於動動嘴皮子的時候，同一個老闆——一個在商務會議上使用「敞開和服」（open kimono，意為開誠布公，亮出底牌，帶有種族主義和性別歧視色彩——編注）這個詞的白人男性——駁回了這個觀點，並宣稱我這個亞裔美國人過得比「他們」好多了。As long as white supremacy is permitted to perpetuate a divide between Asian-Americans and Black and Indigenous people and other people of color, we can make no real progress against our common oppressor: the systems in our country that were designed to shut us all out.
只要白人至上主義使得亞裔美國人、黑人和原住民以及其他有色人種之間的鴻溝永久存在，我們就無法取得真正的進展，去對抗我們共同的壓迫者：那就是我們的國家旨在將我們拒之門外的制度。🌟shut sb out 排斥，拒絕接納（某人）
例：She had effectively shut him out by refusing to listen.
她拒絕他的話，實際上把他排斥在外。
詞彙拓展
📒shut sb/sth out最初的意思是把...關在外面，阻止...進入；
例：I』d forgotten my key and he shut me out.
我忘記帶鑰匙了，他就把我關在了門外。
In 1992, my father left his job as a professor in China in pursuit of the rights and equality touted by our nation’s founders. Nearly three decades later, he hesitates each time he leaves his home. And yet, when I asked him about it over Lunar New Year, he showed no signs of resignation, choosing to believe instead that things will get better. As he often said to me growing up, no matter what came our way: America can be good.
1992年，為了追求美國開國元勳宣揚的權利與平等，父親辭去了在中國的教授職位。將近三十年後，他每次離家出門都會猶豫。但是，春節期間，當我問起他這件事，他沒有表現出放棄的跡象，而是選擇相信情況會好起來。正如在我成長過程中，不管遇到什麼，他總是對我說：美國一定會好的。🌟 tout
[taʊt] v. 標榜，吹捧
例：The product is touted as being completely natural. 該產品被吹噓為純天然的。
詞彙拓展
📒tout還可以做名詞，在英式英語中，多表示為「黃牛」、「票販子」；美式英語中，可以用scalper。
1.【單詞彙總】
slur [slɝ:] n. 誹謗，詆毀
haunt [hɑ:nt] v. 使經常苦惱，困擾（某人）
subside [səbˈsaɪd] 平息
address [əˈdres] v. 對...說話
dread [dred] v. 擔心，畏懼
overt [oʊˈvɝ:t] adj. 明顯的，公開的
jab [dʒæb] v. 刺，捅
embolden [ɪmˈboʊl.dən] v. 使有膽量，鼓勵
assailant [əˈseɪ.lənt] n. 攻擊者
shove [ʃʌv] v. 猛推
condescending [ˌkɑ:n.dəˈsen.dɪŋ] adj. 居高臨下的
tout [taʊt] v. 標榜，吹捧
2.【詞組匯總】
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