文獻三：預防仔豬斷奶後腹瀉的腐植酸鈉+氧化鋅對仔豬健康、氧化應激、脂肪酸組成的影響
Effects of sodium humate and zinc oxide used in prophylaxis of post-weaning diarrhoea on the health,oxidative stress status and fatty acid profile in weaned piglets 2017
摘要：本試驗在斷奶仔豬飲水、飼料中添加腐植酸鈉，通過對仔豬健康、氧化應激、血清脂肪酸指標的檢測，評估仔豬飼料中腐植酸鈉替代氧化鋅的效果。32頭斷奶仔豬，隨機分成4組，分別為對照（含110mg/kg氧化鋅）、2.5g/kg氧化鋅、1.7g/kg氧化鋅+20g/kg腐植酸鈉、1.7g/kg氧化鋅+含0.2%腐植酸鈉飲水。氧化鋅組仔豬表現出更好的生長性能和健康狀況。2.5g/kg氧化鋅、1.7g/kg氧化鋅+含0.2%腐植酸鈉飲水組提高了仔豬血清甘油酯水平，提高了仔豬的能量代謝。各組仔豬血清中總膽固醇、HDL、LDL均無差異。1.7g/kg氧化鋅+含0.2%腐植酸鈉飲水組降低了仔豬血清尿素水平，1.7g/kg氧化鋅+20g/kg腐植酸組趨向於降低血清尿素水平。1.7g/kg氧化鋅+20g/kg腐植酸、1.7g/kg氧化鋅+含0.2%腐植酸鈉飲水組均提高了仔豬血清血細胞比容、血紅蛋白水平，且前者呈顯著提高。2.5g/kg氧化鋅組顯著提高了仔豬血清PGF2ɑ水平，其為反映氧化應激的最佳指標。同時添加腐植酸鈉和氧化鋅，改善了仔豬抗氧化應激能力，均降低了仔豬血清PGF2ɑ水平，且飲水組呈顯著水平。2.5g/kg氧化鋅組顯著降低了仔豬血清飽和脂肪酸、單不飽和脂肪酸、n-3多不飽和脂肪酸，提高了n-6多不飽和脂肪酸、n-6/n-3比例。2.5g/kg氧化鋅組降低了仔豬體內亞麻酸、二十碳五烯酸等長鏈脂肪酸的合成。與2.5g/kg氧化鋅組相比，腐植酸鈉+氧化鋅組均顯著提高了仔豬血清飽和脂肪酸、n-3多不飽和脂肪酸比例，顯著降低了n-6多不飽和脂肪酸、n-6/n-3比例，且飲水組效果更明顯。本試驗的結果表明，在斷奶仔豬日糧中，低劑量氧化鋅+腐植酸鈉的效果與添加高劑量氧化鋅的效果一樣，且可降低長期高劑量氧化鋅添加導致的氧化應激，還可消除高量氧化鋅導致的n-6/n-3及某些長鏈脂肪酸合成的不利影響。飼料、飲水中添加腐植酸鈉的作用相似，但飲水效果更佳。ABSTRACT：The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sodium humate (HNa), applied to feed or drinking water as a partial substitution for pharmacological doses of ZnO, on clinical, biochemical and haematological indicators of health status, oxidative stress and the serum fatty acid (FA) profile in weaned piglets. Weaned piglets (32) were allocated into four groups: Control = basal diet containing 110 mg ZnO/kg; ZnO 2.5 = pharmacological dose of ZnO (2.5 g ZnO/kg); ZnO 1.7 + HNa (f) = 1.7 g ZnO and 20.0 g HNa/kg; ZnO 1.7 + HNa (w) = 1.7 g ZnO/kg and drinking water with 0.2% HNa. All ZnO treatments resulted in good performance and clinical health of piglets in contrast to Control, which contained three diarrhoeic piglets. Increased triacylglycerols in the ZnO 2.5 and ZnO 1.7 + HNa (w) groups in comparison with Control suggested increased energy metabolism after treatments. Neither total cholesterol, nor HDL and LDL were affected by treatments. Piglets treated with ZnO and HNa had (ZnO 1.7 + HNa (w)) or tended to have (ZnO 1.7 + HNa (f)) lower urea in serum. Significantly (in ZnO 2.5 and ZnO 1.7 + HNa (f)) or non-significantly (ZnO 1.7 + HNa (w)) higher haematocrit and haemoglobin levels were detected in the blood of treated piglets. Long-term ZnO 2.5 treatment significantly increased serum 8-iso-PGF2α, the most reliable biomarker of oxidative stress. Partial substitution of ZnO by HNa positively affected the oxidative status of piglets as evidenced by significant (ZnO 1.7 + HNa (w)) or non-significant (ZnO 1.7 + HNa (f)) declines in serum 8-iso-PGF2α. ZnO 2.5 treatment significantly decreased saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and n-3 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) and increased PUFA n-6 and n-6/n-3 ratios in serum compared to Control. The synthesis of some physiologically significant long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA), namely n-6 dihomo-γ-linolenic acid and n-3 eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic was negatively affected by ZnO 2.5 treatment. Both ZnO 1.7 + HNa (f)/(w) treatments significantly increased the proportion of SFA and PUFA n-3 and decreased PUFA n-6 and n-6/n-3 ratios in comparison with ZnO 2.5 and the effect was more considerable in ZnO 1.7 + HNa (w). Most individual PUFA n-3 and n-6 as well as the n-6/n-3 ratio in both treatments were similar to Control. The results indicate that the partial substitution of ZnO by HNa can benefit performance and health of weaned piglets to a similar extent as a high pharmacological dose of ZnO, whereas it can decrease the oxidative stress induced by prolonged over-supplementation of ZnO. Additionally, such a treatment can eliminate the unfavourable effect of high ZnO doses on the n-6/n-3 ratio and the proportion of some physiologically significant LC-PUFA in serum. Generally, it can be concluded that the effects of feed and water HNa supplementation are similar, but are more pronounced when HNa is applied to drinking water.
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