關注公眾號 管鑫Sam [guansama]
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【修訂說明】昨天推送後發現最後一部分套用模版時有一部分和上一篇重合了,翻譯部分被覆蓋了一段,「穿越」到 《黑鏡》背後原來是他... | 紐約客英文精讀 了,盯著看了一會兒,犯了強迫症,十五分鐘後刪除了,較真兒地今天重發一次,希望大家諒解、支持!
讀
通讀
首先先把文章的精華摘錄進行通讀,重點關注橙色的部分。【注意】灰色部分不做解讀,僅為「劇情完整」而保留,最後會有翻譯。
In the months leading up to the ceremony, there was copious chatter about the recipient of this year’s award for literature, the American musician Bob Dylan. The choice incited plenty of pearl clutching across the globe—people were miffed by the idea of a (supposedly) low art receiving validation by a group as historically high-minded and discerning as the Nobel Prize Committee. And besides, couldn’t a more obscure, non-Western author have been granted this colossal boost? Of course, critics have been bickering about Dylan’s academic bona fides since at least 1965, when Time published an entire treatise on the question of whether Dylan was 「the literary voice of our time and a poet of high degree」.
Following the announcement, Dylan refused to publicly acknowledge receipt of the prize—a continuation, perhaps, of his willfully and delightfully obtuse approach to fame and accolades. Maybe it was a meta-commentary on the absurdity of institutional affirmations of art. It felt consistent, at least, with Dylan’s own self-mythologizing.
Has Dylan conferred great benefit to mankind? Listening to Smith sing his song—and watching as audience members, dressed in their finest, wiped their eyes, blindly reached for each other, seemed unable to exhale—the answer felt obvious. The answer was on their faces.
提醒 Protect Your Eyes
橙色等(非最明亮的顏色)是很好的測試色,如果橙色在你的手機看起來刺眼,請調低手機的亮度,因為你的手機亮度已經到了傷眼的程度,不適合長時間閱讀。建議先把手機亮度調至最低,對著屏幕20秒,然後再稍微加回一些亮度,就會感覺屏幕已經很亮了,此時就不刺眼了。
如何吐槽和諷刺「聖母婊」?
「沸沸揚揚刷屏討論」怎麼說?
怎麼戳穿「高端裝X」?
一篇各打六十/四十大板的妙文!
In the months leading up to the ceremony, there was copious chatter about the recipient of this year’s award for literature, the American musician Bob Dylan. The choice incited plenty of pearl clutching across the globe—people were miffed by the idea of a (supposedly) low art receiving validation by a group as historically high-minded and discerning as the Nobel Prize Committee. And besides, couldn’t a more obscure, non-Western author have been granted this colossal boost? Of course, critics have been bickering about Dylan’s academic bona fides since at least 1965, when Time published an entire treatise on the question of whether Dylan was 「the literary voice of our time and a poet of high degree」.
讀
本段看似是在「記述」,實則是暗藏玄機,諷刺連連。這一段句句砍死平鋪直敘,實則句句有觀點,很值得品味。
好了,先來看一下前兩句,第一句比較簡單,第二句是重點:
In the months leading up to the ceremony, there was copious chatter about the recipient of this year’s award for literature, the American musician Bob Dylan. The choice incited plenty of pearl clutching across the globe—people were miffed by the idea of a (supposedly) low art receiving validation by a group as historically high-minded and discerning as the Nobel Prize Committee.
聯想chat「聊天」,chatter顯然以chat為核心又比chat更多囉嗦,chatter是嘰嘰喳喳、喋喋不休、絮絮叨叨,作名詞用不可數。如果用來描述牙齒,還可以指(因為寒冷活著恐懼)的打戰。copious chatter,copious的意思相當於plentiful,每當有熱點事件出現,其實微博和微信朋友圈裡,也都是沸沸揚揚刷屏的copious chatter啊。
In the months leading up to the ceremony, there was copious chatter about the recipient of this year’s award for literature, the American musician Bob Dylan.
在諾貝爾頒獎禮之前的幾個月中,有關今年文學獎得主美國音樂人鮑勃迪倫,議論之聲始終沸沸揚揚。
這一句比較簡單,下一句比較有趣:
incited pearl clutching;miffed by
什麼叫pearl clutching?
來看一副著名的圖片:
在這張老圖中,一位穿著正式的女士明顯是對什麼事情做出了非常激烈的反應,這種反應多半是震驚,只見她長著嘴,瞪大眼,手緊緊地按住頸下的珍珠項鍊。好了,下次再看到pearl clutching或pearl clutch,你腦子裡就浮現出這樣一張圖好了。
對pearl clutching最精簡的解釋是「震驚」,但是,這個釋義沒有能夠完全傳達出其全部文化意指更準確的說法是be shocked by something once-salacious that should now be seen as commonplace(此處是情態動詞should表示震驚的用法「居然」):因某些曾被認為很下流的事物變得司空見慣而感到震驚。也就是說,pearl clutching是具有一定諷刺意指的,它常被用來說一些「老古董」(不見得說年齡大)見不慣年輕人的一些「輕浮」做法就特別容易被激怒、被冒犯、被震驚的樣子。
比如CK的一款性感廣告發布之後,就有專欄寫到「inspire pearl-clutch-y local news stories across the nation」 意思就是說,「肯定又會在全國各地激起一片衛道士一般的新聞報導」。「衛道士」在中文裡不是一個好詞,它經常用來被描述一些本身虛偽又看不得眾生的各種做法的那種人,這種人在英語中常備吐槽為professional pearl clutcher,也就是動不動就大驚小怪跳出來指責「世風日下」的那類人,其實...就是「聖母」的一種啊!
此處incite pearl clutching的incite其實就是「inspire pearl-clutch-y local news stories across the nation」裡的inspire,都是「激起」。
這也是個關鍵用詞,這篇文章看似中立,過程中對迪倫似乎也頗有微詞,但是選詞上可以看出,比起迪倫的獲獎,作者更看不慣那些為了「大雅之堂被玷汙了」而急得跳腳的人。而文章最後一段(以灰色選入)也能看出她總體上還是挺迪倫的。所以這句話中,你要理解「low art」和其他表述,都要有一點點的pearl clutcher代入感。
miffed這個狀態就與pearl clutching呼應,被冒犯、被激怒了。
receiving validation;high-minded;discerning
valid大家很熟悉,表示有效的,有法律效力的,有道理的,等等。名詞validation,可以表示對於「效果」、「能力」、「效力」等的「認可」。receive validation即「獲得認可」,這個表達還是很好用的,因為可借鑑的場合比較多。特別注意這裡後面的by,指的是受到了...的validation,也就是受到了...的認可。
注意這一段的people,「人們都覺得自己被miffed」了,顯然並不代表所有people,此處的people were miffed,就是適用於pearl clutching描述的「人們」。當然絕不能說只要認為迪倫不配得獎的人就是一驚一乍的衛道士了,所以作者這一句後半部特別強調是持有「the idea of a (supposedly) low art receiving validation by a group as historically high-minded and discerning as the Nobel Prize Committee.」態度的人,high-minded就是「高尚的」、discerning就是「有鑑賞力的」。
也就持有「諾貝爾評獎委員會歷來情操高尚、眼光卓越,他們竟然會給予(一般標準認為的)低級藝術以認可」這種態度的人,自然會感覺到miffed,從而感嘆「世風不古」、「世風日下」、然後捂住胸口,緊押住優雅的珍珠項鍊。
所以作者在暗暗諷刺的並不是「認為迪倫不配得獎的人」,而是認為「歌詞作品根本算不上高雅藝術、難登大雅之堂」的人、那些把文學分了高低貴賤不同等級的人。
附一個美國「表情包」:
腦補:
——「你居然說髒話!真是世風日下,哦,我高雅的靈魂受到了重擊!」
參考譯文
In the months leading up to the ceremony, there was copious chatter about the recipient of this year’s award for literature, the American musician Bob Dylan. The choice incited plenty of pearl clutching across the globe—people were miffed by the idea of a (supposedly) low art receiving validation by a group as historically high-minded and discerning as the Nobel Prize Committee.
在諾貝爾頒獎禮之前的幾個月中,有關今年文學獎得主美國音樂人鮑勃迪倫,議論之聲始終沸沸揚揚。這個評獎決定在全球範圍內激起了一片慨嘆「世風日下」的驚愕之聲:諾貝爾評獎委員會歷來情操高尚、眼光卓越,這樣的機構居然會給予(一般標準認為的)低級藝術以認可,有此想法的人怎能不深表憤慨。
再來看下面這兩句:
And besides, couldn’t a more obscure, non-Western author have been granted this colossal boost? Of course, critics have been bickering about Dylan’s academic bona fides since Time published an entire treatise on the question of whether Dylan was 「the literary voice of our time and a poet of high degree」.
granted this colossal boost
首先,And besides這一句是接著在「黑」,讀出來了嗎?
「那些人」,那麼「高尚」、那麼「正義」、那麼「聖母」,自然會「接著問」:
「難道這莫大的鼓勵(colossal boost)就不能授予(grant)一個不如迪倫有名氣(more obscure)、不是西方人(non-Western)的作家嗎?
「啊?啊?啊?」
「啊?啊?啊?」
隨手配一張「模糊」的(obscure)東方圖片,表示支持:
(心疼+1s)
當然作者並沒有點名村上,實際上比迪倫more obscure的non-Western作家多了去了... 不過,迪倫隊美國、對西方世界都是一個文化符號,Murakami Haruki(村上春樹)這個名字在西方可不是人人喊得出來的,相對而言說他「美迪倫有名氣」也絕對不過分。總之這裡就是為了暗諷那些人,就算把獎評給除迪倫以外的大名人,還會有人說「怎麼就不能評給小眾一點的作家」?評給西方作家,就會有人說「都是西方人的遊戲」。作者暗示,這些人總會找出道德制高點來「碾壓」你的。
colossal boost,巨大的激勵,在這裡就是指諾貝爾獎這個「大獎」。
bickering about;bona fides;treatise
後一句則是說明了爭議的另一個來源,也就是針對鮑勃迪倫本人,對他的「學術地位」,這爭議(bickering about:爭吵)本來就「古已有之」。早在上世紀60年代,《時代周刊》上曾經就發表過洋洋灑灑的大長文,來討論和質疑「the literary voice of our time and a poet of high degree」(迪倫的歌詞是能代表這個時代的文學之聲嗎,他算得上是一個高層次的詩人嗎)。
這篇「大長文」在這篇文章裡被作者稱為treatise(針對某一研究課題的學術論文),有兩個功能:一是在字面上呼應來「academic bona fides」,二是有諷刺意味,《時代周刊》當然不是發表學術論文的地方,其實暗地裡是把時代周刊拿腔拿調地評說「迪倫的文學價值」的文章歸為裡pearl-clutching一類。
bona fides,拉丁語字面為「good faith」,現代英語中可以指「誠意」,在學術領域可以指證明某人能力和正當性的文件、又或是「資格」(credentials),如果一個人對人力資源主管問出:「Are you satisfied with my bona fides?」 他實際上就是在問:「你對我的能力證明、資歷、資質還滿意嗎?」
這裡說「bickering about Dylan’s academic bona fides」,即是對鮑勃迪倫是否有那麼高的學術地位進行爭論。
參考譯文
And besides, couldn’t a more obscure, non-Western author have been granted this colossal boost? Of course, critics have been bickering about Dylan’s academic bona fides since at least 1965, when
Time published an entire treatise on the question of whether Dylan was 「the literary voice of our time and a poet of high degree」.
再說了,難道這大獎的鼓勵就不能授予一個不如他有名氣、不是西方人的作家嗎?當然評論家們對於迪倫學術價值的爭吵至少自1965年起就不曾停歇,那時時代周刊發表了一整篇論文樣的文章探討迪倫「究竟是不是能代表我們這個時代的文學之聲」,「他的歌詞究竟是不是高層次的文學」。
連起來讀:
In the months leading up to the ceremony, there was copious chatter about the recipient of this year’s award for literature, the American musician Bob Dylan. The choice incited plenty of pearl clutching across the globe—people were miffed by the idea of a (supposedly) low art receiving validation by a group as historically high-minded and discerning as the Nobel Prize Committee. And besides, couldn’t a more obscure, non-Western author have been granted this colossal boost? Of course, critics have been bickering about Dylan’s academic bona fides since at least 1965, when Time published an entire treatise on the question of whether Dylan was 「the literary voice of our time and a poet of high degree」.
在諾貝爾頒獎禮之前的幾個月中,有關今年文學獎得主美國音樂人鮑勃迪倫,議論之聲始終沸沸揚揚。這個評獎決定在全球範圍內激起了一片慨嘆「世風日下」的驚愕之聲:諾貝爾評獎委員會歷來情操高尚、眼光卓越,這樣的機構居然會給予(一般標準認為的)低級藝術以認可,有此想法的人怎能不深表憤慨。再說了,難道這大獎的鼓勵就不能授予一個不如他有名氣、不是西方人的作家嗎?當然評論家們對於迪倫學術價值的爭吵至少自1965年起就不曾停歇,那時時代周刊發表了一整篇論文樣的文章探討迪倫「究竟是不是能代表我們這個時代的文學之聲」,「他的歌詞究竟是不是高層次的文學」。
Following the announcement, Dylan refused to publicly acknowledge receipt of the prize—a continuation, perhaps, of his willfully and delightfully obtuse approach to fame and accolades. Maybe it was a meta-commentary on the absurdity of institutional affirmations of art. It felt consistent, at least, with Dylan’s own self-mythologizing.
Has Dylan conferred great benefit to mankind? Listening to Smith sing his song—and watching as audience members, dressed in their finest, wiped their eyes, blindly reached for each other, seemed unable to exhale—the answer felt obvious. The answer was on their faces.
讀
上一段主寫「外界」反應,這一段主寫對迪倫自身的評價,也沒有留情哦。灰色部分則是通過現場的人的反應,來「升華」。
先來看這個句子,說迪倫第一時間的反應:
Following the announcement, Dylan refused to publicly acknowledge receipt of the prize—a continuation, perhaps, of his willfully and delightfully obtuse approach to fame and accolades.
willfully and delightfully obtuse approach
本文的作者前面黑了別人,緊接著對迪倫,也沒有手下留情(但是最後還是升華了,見灰色,灰色部分,微黑,但總體上是認可的。)這篇文章,非常的《紐約客》範兒。
前半句的事情大家都知道了:在諾獎宣布之後,迪倫沒有立即公開表示願意接受獎項。注意措辭,不是refused receipt of the prize/refused to accept the prize,也就是說,剛剛宣布迪倫獲獎那會兒,他可沒有拒絕領諾貝爾文學獎(當時的確有很多媒體和自媒體在洋洋灑灑地寫為什麼迪倫要「拒絕「,隨後又被殘忍地打臉),他只是沒有公開表態,這裡的refuse取義更接近於withhold的「hold back a reation」的理解。這個「拒絕公開表態」可不是「公開拒絕表態」,其實就是沒表態,當時他的態度說publicly unknown的,只有猜測而已。
willful/wilful指任性的,也指蓄意的(=deliberate),故意的,這裡是副詞willfully,和delightfully(令人愉快地)一樣,在語法關係上修飾obtuse。
willfully和delightfully來修飾obtuse其實是很玩味的手筆。為什麼這麼說呢?
obtuse的原意是「鈍」的,所以不難想像它可以引申為「遲鈍的」,「愚鈍的」。看中文釋義還看不出這個修飾關係有意思在哪裡。英文釋義:slow to understand things, in a way that is annoying(朗文);annoyingly insensitive or slow to understand things(牛津)。
好了,注意到annoying和annoyingly沒?反義詞是誰?delightful/delightfylly啊!
所以,在英語裡這個表達有個內在的小矛盾。別人遲鈍,很令人著急上火煩躁,而鮑勃迪倫對名譽聲望的這種「愚鈍」,卻令人心生歡喜,這是隱藏的內在邏輯。至於這種「視名利如糞土」的「愚鈍」有多麼「令人愉悅」,你完全可以參照《鮑勃迪倫拒絕諾貝爾文學獎》的假消息出來以後部分媒體/自媒體的集體自high的場面,哦,delightful!
另外一組修飾關係,其實有類似的:deliberately obtuse,這個表達特別像中國人說的「裝傻」,不是遲鈍或者愚鈍,就是故意裝反應遲緩,有一個例句:
he wondered if the doctor was being deliberately obtuse. 他真懷疑這醫生說是在這兒故意裝傻充愣(刁難他)呢。這裡的wilfully obtuse就是deliberately obtuse,也就是說,迪倫並不是不知道名聲的好,也並非對名氣不感興趣,作者認為迪倫的視名如土的形象是一種自我包裝(原文有一句,我們未選入 ,也是在說明這個意思,因為不是選段,我就不多解釋了:And it’s that narrative, after all—the one Dylan has written for himself—that’s perhaps literature in the truest sense. He is his most dynamic creation)。另外可以參照下一句話裡的self-mythologizing,我們一會分析。
fame and accolades(名聲和榮譽)
參考譯文
Following the announcement, Dylan refused to publicly acknowledge receipt of the prize—a continuation, perhaps, of his willfully and delightfully obtuse approach to fame and accolades.
在諾獎宣布之後,迪倫並未公開表示願意接受獎項,或許,這也是延續了他一貫對名譽之事後知後覺的姿態,這種刻意怠慢放在他身上卻惹人仰憐。
再來讀這兩句:
Maybe it was a meta-commentary on the absurdity of institutional affirmations of art. It felt consistent, at least, with Dylan’s own self-mythologizing.
meta-commentary;absurdity of institutional affirmation of art
meta-commentary在此處只是一個比喻。所謂meta-commentary按字面理解就是a commentary on commentary,所以中文譯「衍生評論」、「衍生注釋」,字面來看,就是對某種評述做出評述,對某個注釋作出注釋,對一個評論再做評論。
這裡說,或許迪倫的做法,是對the absurdity of institutional affirmations of art這個詮釋做出的自己的詮釋。(Maybe it was a meta-commentary的it指的是「refused to publicly acknowledge receipt of the prize」這件事。)你可以這麼形象地去理解:
假如說,假如說,一個姓村上的日本網友發了一條微博,寫道:「藝術居然要由某個機構來評判確定,這件事可真是夠荒謬的!」
鮑勃迪倫轉發這條微博:「轉發支持,我也得表示表示。」
於是... 他在獲獎消息出來以後,「沉住氣」了一陣子。
consistent;self-mythologizing
consistent,一貫的,一致的,也經常用來指「言行一致」,「言論一貫如此」,在政治中很常用。說某人consistent,就是說他的主張一直如此,沒有根據形勢反覆變化自己的立場,反義詞就是flip-flopping,也就是今天一套明天一套。
It felt consistent, at least, with Dylan’s own self-mythologizing.
mythology,神話。mythologize,「神化」。self-mythologizing自我造神,自我神化。
「至少,這與他的自我神化包裝是一以貫之地符合。」
灰色的部分在下面接著讀完哦。
參考譯文
Maybe it was a meta-commentary on the absurdity of institutional affirmations of art. It felt consistent, at least, with Dylan’s own self-mythologizing.
或許,迪倫的做法是再度詮釋了「藝術要由某個機構來評判確定是荒謬的」這一論調。至少,這與他的自我神化包裝是一以貫之地符合。
【接下來我們把灰色的部分也帶上連續讀讀】我會把灰色的部分也進行翻譯。灰色的部分從內容上來說,還是很精彩的(下面翻譯灰色部分裡的括號為解釋和吐槽,請自行忽略...):
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第二部分+灰色部分連續讀:
Following the announcement, Dylan refused to publicly acknowledge receipt of the prize—a continuation, perhaps, of his willfully and delightfully obtuse approach to fame and accolades. Maybe it was a meta-commentary on the absurdity of institutional affirmations of art. It felt consistent, at least, with Dylan’s own self-mythologizing.
Has Dylan conferred great benefit to mankind? Listening to Smith sing his song—and watching as audience members, dressed in their finest, wiped their eyes, blindly reached for each other, seemed unable to exhale—the answer felt obvious. The answer was on their faces.
在諾獎宣布之後,迪倫並未公開表示願意接受獎項,或許,這也是延續了他一貫對名譽之事後知後覺的姿態,這種刻意怠慢放在他身上卻惹人仰憐。或許,迪倫的做法是再度詮釋了「藝術要由某個機構來評判確定是荒謬的」這一論調。至少,這與他的自我神化包裝是一以貫之地符合。
迪倫給世人帶來過巨大的益處嗎?聽著史密斯(代迪倫領獎並表演的Patti Smith)唱著迪倫的歌,看著衣著華美的現場觀眾們隨著她的演唱涕淚盈襟、淚眼朦朧不分是誰地彼此擁靠,似乎要喘不出氣來(《我是歌手》觀眾席?),看著這一幕,答案是顯而易見的。答案,就寫在他們的臉上(不在風中飄蕩了?)
請自動忽略括弧...
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