Esther
考博是一場持久的博弈，到了現在的決勝階段，很多準博士們的問題也紛紛浮現出來。老師會定期把身邊同學向老師提問和諮詢的一些代表性的問題跟大家分享、提供解決方向，在考博之路上助你成功！
人口老齡化等社會問題是考博短文聽力中比較容易涉及到的話題，今天我們就來試著聽聽這篇VOA慢速聽力吧！
點擊聽力：
原版英文：
The population of the United States will get older, even if the nation has high levels of immigration, suggest two reports from the U.S. Census Bureau.
One of the reports predicts that by the year 2060, around one fourth of the U.S. population will be over the age of 65. That same year, life expectancy could reach an all-time high of 85 years, the report notes.
The other study suggests that even by 2030, around 20 percent of the population will be 65 years of age or older.
Census Bureau researchers expect the growth in life expectancy over the next 40 years to be slower than it has been over the past 40 years.
Between 1970 and 2015, life expectancy rose by almost 8 years. But researchers predict it will rise only about 6 years between 2017 and 2060.
One report notes that "preventable health risks — such as smoking, obesity, and, more recently, opioid-related overdoses" could play a role in slowed gains in life expectancy.
The United States could grow from about 332 million people today to around 404 million people by 2060. By 2028, the percentage of foreign-born people will be 14.9%, the Census Bureau predicts. That would be the highest percentage of foreign-born people since 1850.
U.S. immigration policy will play an important role in population growth, notes the Census Bureau.
With high levels of immigration, defined as an increase of 50% over a 10-year period, the population could grow to 447 million people by 2060.
But with no immigration, the country could lose population after 2035.
Immigration will also determine the nation's diversity by 2060, said William Frey of The Brookings Institution research group.
By 2045, white people will represent less than half of the population under current projections, he said.
"If immigration was stopped, then we will stay majority white until 2060 but barely at 51.1 percent," Frey said in an email. "But the story is different for the young under age 30 population."
Under current projections, that age group will become "minority white" in 2024. Without immigration, whites under age 30 will be in the minority by 2032, Frey said.
Starting in 2030, international migration will be the biggest cause of population growth in the country.
美國人口普查局有兩份報告顯示，即使在美國，移民水平很高，美國仍然會出現人口老齡化。
其中一份報告預測到2060年，美國約四分之一的人口將有望超過65歲。報告指出，同年，美國人口的預期壽命或將達到85歲的歷史最高水平。
另一項研究表明，實際上到2030年，大約20%的美國人口將達到65歲以上。
美國人口普查局的研究人員預計，未來40年的預期壽命增速將低於過去40年。
在1970年到2015年期間，預期壽命增長了將近8歲。但是研究人員預測在2017年到2060年之間，預期壽命只會增長6歲左右。
一份報告指出，「吸菸、肥胖以及最近的阿片類相關藥物過量等可預防的健康風險」可能會延緩預期壽命的增長。
到2026年，美國人口將從現在的3.32億增長到4.04億。美國人口普查局預測，到2028年，外國出生人口的比例將達到14.9%。這將是1850年以來外國出生人口所佔的最高比例。
美國人口普查局指出，美國移民政策將在人口增長中發揮重要作用。
隨著10年內50%增長的高移民率，到2060年，美國人口將會增長到4.47億。
但是如果沒有移民，美國可能會在2035年後人口開始減少。
布魯金斯學會研究小組的威廉·弗雷表示，到2060年，移民還將決定美國的多樣性。
他說，根據目前的預測，到2045年，白人將只佔總人口的一半以下。
弗雷在郵件中表示：「如果停止移民，那麼到2060年， 我們將能保持白人佔多數，但也只佔51.1%，但是對於30歲以下的年輕人來說，情況就不同了。」
根據目前的預測，到2024年，這個年齡段中的白人將會成為少數族群。如果沒有移民，到2032年，30歲以下的白人將會成為少數族群。
從2030年開始，國際移民將會成為美國人口增長的主要原因。
（from VOA）
【必背得分句】
As levels of traffic pollution have plummeted with many countries in lockdown, exposure to pollutants is reduced by people staying off the streets and in their homes.
隨著多國實行封閉措施，交通汙染水平大幅下降。人們遠離街道並待在家裡，減少了接觸汙染物的機會。
必背高分詞『1』
plummet [ˈplʌmɪt] 暴跌，速降
Example：
In Tokyo share prices have plummeted for the sixth successive day
東京股價已連續第6天猛跌。
必背高分詞『2』
lockdown 封鎖，活動限制
Example：
The lockdown was partially eased hours later for the downtown area.
數小時後，市中心的封鎖才被部分解除。
必背高分詞『3』
stay off 遠離
Example：
You always told me to stay off the freeway.
你一直要我遠離那高速公路。
相似的說法還有 keep off
I managed to stick to the diet and keep off sweet foods
我努力做到了只吃規定飲食，不沾甜食。
期待已久的寫作衝刺班來啦！
作文不會寫，寫不好，基礎薄弱，詞彙量低，語法濫用...這些問題都好說，衝刺班幫你找答案！
詳情掃碼諮詢和報名@kate老師