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56,000 layoffs and counting: India’s IT bloodbath this year may just be the start
56000人被裁員：今年印度IT界的一片哀鳴可能只是一個開始
For Indian techies, 2017 was the stuff of nightmares.
對印度的IT從業者來說，2017年是噩夢般的一年。
One of the top employment generators until a few years ago, India’s $160 billion IT industry laid off more than 56,000 employees this year. Some analysts believe this spree was worse than the one during the 2008 financial crisis. Meanwhile, hiring plummeted, with entry-level openings having more than halved in 2017, according to experts.
印度幾年前還是IT從業者的天堂，但今年印度1600億美元的IT產業裁員人數超過56000人。一些分析人士認為這種瘋狂的情況比2008年的金融危機還嚴重。與此同時，據專家表示2017年的招聘人數直線下降，初級職位空缺數量減少了一半以上。
Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) and Infosys, two of India’s largest IT companies and once leaders in job creation, reduced their headcounts for the first time ever. Even mid-sized players like Tech Mahindra retrenched several employees.
印度塔塔諮詢服務公司(TCS)和印孚瑟斯技術有限公司，印度這兩個最大的IT企業和曾經數一數二的就業崗位創造者，有史以來第一次減少了員工人數。即使是像馬恆達科技這樣中等規模的企業也裁了幾個員工。
注釋1：印度塔塔諮詢服務公司（Tata Consultancy Service，簡稱TCS），是印度著名的企業集團—塔塔集團的控股子公司。成立於1968年，成立目的是為了通過信息技術來有效解決印度工業中的管理問題。在過去的幾年裡，TCS發展很快，幾乎每兩年收入就翻一番。TCS目前是印度最大的IT企業，是印度最大的單一軟體服務出口商，也是亞洲最大的獨立的軟體和服務業公司。
注釋2：Infosys，印孚瑟斯技術有限公司（Infosys Technologies Ltd)印度歷史上第一家在美國上市的公司，總部位於印度信息技術中心班加羅爾市。
「Digitisation and automation brought about disruption in traditional roles, which means that most of the IT firms found themselves reassessing the capability of the talent pool to stay market relevant,」 Arun Paul, vice-president of human resources at Incedo, an IT service management company, told Quartz.
一家IT服務管理公司Incedo的人力資源副總裁Arun Paul向本報表示：「數位化和自動化帶來了傳統角色的混亂，這意味著大部分的IT公司要想在市場立足，就需要重新評估自身人才儲備的能力。
When hell broke loose
當天開始塌下來。。。。。。
Compared to the normal rate of forced attrition (i.e. asking non-performers to leave) of around 1% in earlier years, 2017 saw Indian IT companies letting go of between 2% and 6% of their employees, said Alka Dhingra, general manager of IT staffing at TeamLease Services.
TeamLease Services公司IT人員部總經理Alka Dhingra表示：與早些年約1%的正常被迫離職率（即讓那些表現不佳或未完成任務的人離職）相比，2017年印度眾多IT企業都解僱了2%到6%的僱員。
注釋：TeamLease Services Ltd.印度最大的獵頭公司。
Infosys cut 9,000 jobs in January. 「Instead of 10 people, what if we have three people to work on (a project). If we don’t have the software, then some others will take the advantage (away from us),」 Vishal Sikka, the former CEO of the Bengaluru-based company, said in February.
在今年一月份印孚瑟斯技術有限公司裁減了9000個工作崗位。「相比一個項目僱用10個人，如果我們用3個人會怎麼樣呢。如果我們沒有軟體，那麼其他公司就會把（我們的）優勢奪走。」Vishal Sikka，印度班加羅爾一家公司的前任CEO二月份說道。
Meanwhile, around 6,000 Indian employees at Cognizant reportedly lost their jobs to automation. Mumbai-based Tech Mahindra implemented a cost optimisation plan of increasing automation and reducing manpower. It turned ugly in July when the firm made headlines over a controversial audio clip that featured an HR personnel purportedly coercing an employee into quitting by 10am the next day, or risk being fired.
與此同時，據報導，在高知特約有6000名從事自動化工作的印度僱員失去了工作。孟買的馬恆達科技實行了一個成本優化計劃以提高自動化水平、減少人力。這一計劃在七月份變得令人厭惡--一段音頻佔據了該公司的新聞頭條，音頻內容為一個自稱人事的人強迫一名僱員於隔天早上十點離職，否則就有被解僱的危險。
注釋：Cognizant 高知特，印度排名前五位的IT公司。
Moreover, it wasn’t just about those at the bottom of the IT pyramid. Pink slips were doled out to even senior employees with outdated skills.
而且，在印度IT行業金字塔的底層情況還不止這樣。甚至是那些職業技能沒更新的老僱員也受到了解僱通知書。
「There is a change in the trend where automation has taken the driver’s seat to propel cost efficiency and utilisation of human resources for less mundane and routine work,」 N Shivakumar, business head of recruitment process outsourcing at TeamLease, said.
「出現了一種變化趨勢，自動化取代了人力工作，提升了成本效率和人力資源利用率，減少了日常工作的單調性。」TeamLease Services招聘流程外包業務主管N Shivakumar說道。
Slamming the brakes on hiring
企業招聘猛踩剎車
On the hiring front, too, bad news abounded. In 2017, campus hiring by IT companies fell by a massive 50-70%, Santanu Paul, CEO and managing director at skills training firm TalentSprint, told Quartz.
在招聘方面也充斥著壞消息。技能培訓公司TalentSprint的CEO兼董事總經理，Santanu Paul向本報表示：2017年校園招聘大幅減少了50%到70%。
This was mainly because companies changed their hiring practice: While earlier they』d hire freshers in bulk in anticipation of future contracts, the strategy has now shifted to just-in-time contract hiring.
這主要是因為很多企業改變了他們的招聘慣例：此前他們僱傭大量期待在未來能籤合同的畢業生，但現在招聘策略已經變成即時合同僱用了。
With revenue growth under stress, companies did not want to hold a bench—an employee pool on a company’s payroll, awaiting projects. 「The focus shifted to increase in hiring of specialised talent or up-skilling existing (talent),」 Incedo’s Paul said.
鑑於利潤增長的壓力，企業都不想要保留人才儲備池，因為這樣會增加企業的工資總支出。IT服務管理公司Incedo的相關人員表示：「企業的招聘重點轉移到專業人才或受過培訓的高技能人才身上。」
For several years now, Indian IT firms have anyway been moving away from labour-intensive projects towards more remote and technology-based solutions such as video conferencing, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence (AI). This has resulted in hundreds of entry-level roles like data entry and server maintenance becoming obsolete.
幾年來，印度的IT公司一直在將勞動密集型項目轉變成更為遠程和以技術為基礎的解決方案，例如視頻會議、雲計算和人工智慧（AI）。這就導致了許多的初級工作被淘汰掉，比如數據錄入和伺服器維護。
「The IT job market is not as lucrative as it used to be and the dream run is over for the next few years,」 DD Mishra, a research director at Gartner, said. 「With IT service providers feeling the heat, the job market will remain under pressure for some more time.」
「IT行業的就業市場不像過去那樣好賺錢了，能追求夢想的時間已經沒剩幾年了。IT服務提供商們感到有壓力，而之後的一段時間就業市場也將繼續面臨壓力。」高德納諮詢公司的研究主管DD Mishra說道。
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