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「人口販賣是一場人類悲劇。」
近期，聯合國毒品和犯罪問題辦公室發布了《全球人口販賣報告》。
報告顯示，2018年，148個國家發現並報告了近5萬名人口販賣受害者。
報告冰冷的數字再一次提醒我們：打擊人口買賣依然迫在眉睫。
"Human trafficking is a human tragedy," American columnist Mark Shields once said. And the recently released UN report on the issue perfectly encapsulates columinst's views.
誰是受害者？
報告指出，在被發現的販賣受害者的性別和年齡特徵方面，區域差異很大。
在2018年，全球每10名被發現的受害者中，約五名是成年女性，兩名是年輕女孩。人口販賣受害者中有三分之一是兒童。
電影《親愛的》
更令人悲哀的現實是，兒童在被販賣人口中的佔比呈上升趨勢。
2004年至2018年，可偵測的被販賣人口總數有所上升，受害者組成有所變化。其中，兒童佔比則從13%上升至34%，女童從10%升至19%，男童從3%升至15%。
"In 2018, for every 10 victims [of human trafficking] detected globally, about five were adult women, and two were girls. About one-third of the overall detected victims were children, both girls and boys."
The findings are a part of the new United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)report on human trafficking for 2020, which confirms a 15-year tragic trend: children are more and more the victims of this crime.
According to official data, in 2004, children represented 13 percent of the trafficked persons, a share that grew substantially to 34 percent in 2011, only decrease to 28 percent in 2014. But after that, the numbers continued to climb all through 2018, when again both boys and girls represented 34 percent of the detected victims.
The UNODC pinpointed that the share of boys has increased when compared to girls, accounting for 15 percent, while girls stand at 19 percent.
Screenshot via UNODC report在撒哈拉以南非洲和中東，大多數被發現的販賣受害者是兒童——1558名女孩和1275名男孩，被販賣人口從事強迫勞動是最常見的形式。此外，在48478名被販賣者中，女性佔46％，男性佔20％。在北美以及西歐和南歐地區，大多數受害者是女性。然而，在北非和中東，男性受害者的比例最高，但歐洲中部和東南部、中美洲和加勒比地區以及南美洲的男性受害者數量也在不斷增加。In Sub-Saharan countries, children (1,558 girls and 1,275 boys) were the most trafficked, surpassing adults, to be used for forced labor.Of the 48,478 victims reported, 46 percent were women, and 20 percent men. In North America and Western and Southern Europe regions, the majority of the cases involved women.Only in North Africa and the Middle East, the highest number of cases were men, but an increasing number of male victims was detected in Central and South-Eastern Europe, Central America and the Caribbean, and South America, the report said.Screenshot via UNODC report在這些被販賣人口中，一半被用於性剝削目的，38%被強制勞動，12%被迫犯罪、乞討、出賣身體器官或成為買賣婚姻的受害者等。數據表明，66%的男孩被販賣主要是從事強迫勞動，而72%的女孩和77%的女性被販賣的主要目的是性剝削。Most victims, 50 percent, were trafficked for sexual exploitation and 38 percent for forced labor. The records also show that six percent were for criminal activities, ranging from pickpocketing to drug cultivation or drug trafficking, with boys being a more common target. Exploitative begging represented 1.5 percent of the cases in 19 countries. The UNODC stated that this is a 「less commonly reported form of trafficking,」 with most of these cases happening in North Africa and the Middle East, accounting for about 30 percent of the victims.Less frequently detected, but still in existence, are cases of trafficking for forced marriage and a few others of trafficking of pregnant women and/or infants, both for illegal adoption.Data indicates that 66 percent of the boys are trafficked for forced labor, while girls (72 percent), just like women (77 percent), for sexual exploitation.Screenshot via UNODC report值得一提的是，該報告還發現，在全球範圍內，大多數被調查、起訴和定罪的人口販賣罪犯是男性，分別佔67%、64％和62％。罪犯來自於有組織的犯罪集團以及隨機進行獨立運作或團體行動的個人。 聯合國毒品和犯罪問題辦公室表示，販賣者將受害者視為「商品」，而沒有顧及其作為人的尊嚴和權利。此外，該機構還強調人口販賣的市場比毒品等其他市場要小，但人口販賣帶來的危害不可估量。When it comes to people investigated, prosecuted, and convicted for these crimes, men dominate, with 67, 64, and 62 percent, respectively. In the court cases analyzed by the UNODC, 151 cases involved organized criminal groups that operate like business enterprises and might have three or more traffickers systematically working together. The second-highest number of the cases, 122, was related to the 「opportunistic association of traffickers,」 meaning the two traffickers or more worked together. "Traffickers trade their victims as commodities," the UNODC stated, stressing that even though the size of the criminal market may be smaller than other markets, like drugs, 「the harm associated to trafficking in persons has no comparable metrics.」