Rich cities around the world are largely responsible for greenhouse gas emissions, says a new study.
全球的各個富裕城市要為溫室氣體排放負主要責任，一項新研究這樣指出。
The study measures emissions based on the use of goods and services, such as food, clothing and electronics, by people living inside cities.It includes the impact of trade of such goods between points of production and use.
該研究測量了溫室氣體的排放量，參照的基礎數據是城市人口使用的商品和服務，比如食物、衣物、電子產品。該研究還涉及到這些商品在生產節點和使用節點之間進行交易會產生怎樣的影響。
This is a change from traditional measures, which look at emissions from production of goods.
這是在傳統測量方式基礎上做出的一種改變，即開始考量商品生產過程中溫室氣體的排放量。
When measuring these gases based on consumption, rather than manufacturing, the biggest emitters are mainly cities in North America and Europe.The study found their emissions were 60 percent higher than currently estimated.
在消耗類數據而非製造業數據的基礎上測量溫室氣體排放量時，可以發現，排放溫室氣體最多的地方主要是北美和歐洲的城市。該研究發現，這些城市的溫室氣體排放量要比當前估測的高60%。
Researchers shared this information this month at a United Nations climate conference in Edmonton, a city in Alberta, Canada.
本月，研究人員在加拿大亞伯達省埃德蒙頓的一次聯合國氣候會議上分享了上述信息。
About 750 city leaders, university researchers and scientists from 80 countries took part.They discussed the latest climate research and what local governments can do to fight climate change.
來自80個國家的近750名市領導、大學研究人員、科學家參加了這次會議。他們討論了最近的這項氣候研究，以及各地政府應該做些什麼工作來抗擊氣候變化。
Attendee Mark Watts is the head of C40, the organization that did the study.C40 is an alliance of more than 90 cities working to fight climate change.The study examined 79 cities that are part of the alliance.
馬克·沃茨是城市氣候領導聯盟(C40)的與會代表，也正是C40組織完成了這項研究。C40是90多個城市組成的聯盟，聯盟旨在抗擊氣候變化。該研究檢測了79個城市的氣候情況，這79個城市都是該聯盟的成員。
Watts said this newer method offers a fuller picture of greenhouse gas emissions by linking them to consumers rather than manufacturers.
沃茨表示，這種最新的測量方法可以讓我們更全面地了解溫室氣體排放量，因為我們可以將溫室氣體排放的情況與商品的消費者聯繫在一起，而不是與製造商品的人聯繫在一起。
The new estimates put the responsibility on richer consumers and increases the scope of things that policy makers in cities can do to lower emissions, he said.
這種新的估測方式將排放責任放在了更富裕的消費者身上，增加了城市政策制定者在減少排放量方面所能做的工作。
Cities use more than two-thirds of the world’s energy.
全球各城市佔能源消耗量的2/3以上。
The new estimate comes at a time when there is concern that national governments will not meet the climate promises they made in 2015 in Paris.
這項新估測來得正是時候，因為當前有人擔心各國政府無法兌現他們在2015年巴黎會議上就氣候變化所做的承諾。
Traditionally researchers have considered manufacturing countries such as China and India among the top emitters of greenhouse gases.This study shows that the demand for and use of the products of such manufacturers is part of the overall process of greenhouse gas emissions.
以前，研究人員一直都將製造大國（比如中國和印度）視為溫室氣體排放的罪魁禍首，但這項研究表明，人們對於這種製造大國所生產產品的需求和使用也是溫室氣體排放的部分原因。
Debra Roberts is one of the heads of the United Nation’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.She said that using consumption-based measures was 「revolutionary.」
黛布拉·羅伯茨是聯合國政府間氣候變化專門委員會的首腦之一。她表示，這種基於產品消耗的測量方式「具有變革性」。
But ... these are ideas whose time is probably almost imminent, she told the Thomson Reuters Foundation during the conference.
不過……這些想法距離真正普遍實現可能還有一段時日，她在會議期間接受湯森路透採訪時如是說道。
I’m Alice Bryant.
愛麗絲·布萊恩特為您播報。