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知音 - 尋寶 - 探星 - 補天
水落石出
「水落石出」，漢語成語，字面意思是水落下去，水底的石頭就露出來（As the water level sinks,the stones are exposed.）。比喻事情的真相完全顯露出來。可以翻譯為「everything comes to light；truth is out；get to the bottom of something」。政府重申一定要查個水落石出。
The government reiterated its resolve to uncover the truth.她起了疑惑，便決定弄個水落石出。
She got suspicious and decided to get to the bottom of it.」，漢語成語，字面意思是水落下去，水底的石頭就露出來（As the water level sinks,the stones are exposed.）。比喻事情的真相完全顯露出來。可以翻譯為「everything comes to light；truth is out；get to the bottom of something」。
政府重申一定要查個水落石出。
The government reiterated its resolve to uncover the truth.她起了疑惑，便決定弄個水落石出。
She got suspicious and decided to get to the bottom of it.
The real purpose of books is to trap the mind into doing its own thinking.
— Christopher Morley, Writer
書的真正作用是套住腦筋，
使它不得不自作思考。
– 克裡斯多福‧莫利(作家)
trap (v.)困住，圈住。例：We are trapped! (我們被困住了！)
克裡斯多福‧莫利(1890-1957) 是美國知名作家、記者，他的長篇小說、短篇小說、散文與詩作超過50 冊，著名作品有《薑汁啤酒》、《文壇順利》、《搖擺木馬》等。
Lockdown may havelasting effects on friendships新冠肺炎封鎖可能對人類友誼產生持久影響進化心理學家羅賓·鄧巴教授（Prof Robin Dunbar）說：「如果不投入時間和精力去維護友誼，友誼則會面臨快速惡化 —— 這個過程可能只需要三個月左右。」 他表示，疫情封鎖給人際關係帶來的壓力，雖然有望是短期的，但這種壓力可能會對一些友誼產生長期的影響。Maintaining a strong
social bond takes time and effort. That's according to
evolutionary psychologists who studied the social lives of our closest primate relatives. 維持牢固的社會聯繫需要時間和精力。這是進化心理學家們在研究了我們的靈長類近親的社交生活後得出的結論。Whether you're a monkey or a human, the strength of a bond is directly linked to the amount of time you spend together, and a friendship can
deteriorate beyond repair in just three months.不管你是猴子還是人，感情關係的強弱與你和他人共度時間的長短有著直接的聯繫，而一段友誼可能在短短的三個月內惡化到無法修復的地步。 This, scientists say, is likely to be bad news for what they call our more
marginal friendships. Without the
reinforcement of a shared workplace or a chat at the school gates, some less valued relationships could be
irreparably damaged by lockdown.科學家們表示，這個結論對我們所謂的 「邊緣友誼」 可能是個壞消息。沒有了在共享工作場所或在校門口聊天的強化鞏固，一些不太受重視的關係可能會因疫情封鎖而遭受無法彌補的傷害。 Many people have swapped face-to-face contact for video chats, but the researchers say that this and social distancing has left us deprived of
human touch.許多人已經把面對面的交流形式換成了視頻聊天，但研究人員們表示，這一變化和社交距離的疏遠讓我們失去了以往待人處事的方式。 Just like the grooming that chimpanzees spend hours doing, a welcome
squeeze on the arm or a
cuddle from a friend causes our brains to release
pleasure-boosting chemicals. That helps explain why many of us might feel we're fighting a pretty
fundamental need for a hug.就像黑猩猩花數小時互相梳理毛髮一樣，朋友熱情地攥一下你的手臂或給你一個擁抱都會使我們的大腦釋放出增加愉悅感的化學物質。這有助於解釋為什麼我們當中的許多人在封鎖期間可能在和渴望擁抱的這個基本需求作鬥爭。詞彙表social bond 社會聯繫
evolutionary 進化的
deteriorate 惡化
beyond repair 無法修復的，無法補救的
marginal 邊緣的
reinforcement 增強，鞏固
irreparably 無法彌補地
human touch 平易近人的待人處事方式
squeeze 捏，擠
cuddle 抱，摟抱
pleasure-boosting 增加愉悅感的
fundamental 基本的閱讀理解：請在讀完上文後，回答下列問題。1. True or false? According to evolutionary psychologists, in order to maintain a friendship, we need to invest time and effort in them.2. Based on the scientists, how long does it take for a friendship to become irreparable, if you don’t spend time together?3. While face-to-face contact has become difficult, what have many people switched to?4. According to the text, why are many of us fighting the need for a hug?答案1. True or false? According to evolutionary psychologists, in order to maintain a friendship, we need to invest time and effort in them.
True. Maintaining a strong social bond takes time and effort.2. Based on the scientists, how long does it take for a friendship to become irreparable, if you don’t spend time together?
It takes in just three months for a friendship to deteriorate beyond repair.3. While face-to-face contact has become difficult, what have many people switched to?
Many people have switched from face-to-face contact to video chats.4. According to the text, why are many of us fighting the need for a hug?
The reason many of us fight the need for a hug might be that a welcome squeeze on the arm or a cuddle from a friend causes our brains to release pleasure-boosting chemicals.來源：BBC
更多視頻，恭請蒞臨↓↓↓
區別辨析drag、draw、pull、haul、tug、tow與jerkdrag、draw、pull、haul、tug、tow與jerk都有「拖、拉」之意。drag : 指沿斜坡而上或水平方向緩慢地拖或拉十分沉重的人或物。作借喻時可指把人硬拉扯過來。Pick the chair up instead of dragging it behind you!
把椅子拿起來，不要在地上拖！She dragged the canoe down to the water.
她把獨木舟拉到水邊。She had to drag her kids away from the toys.
她不得不把孩子從玩具店硬拉出來。I really had to drag myself out of bed this morning.
今天早上我真是硬撐著從床上爬了起來。draw : 指將人或物朝出力者的方向拖，不涉及力的大小，含平穩意味，常作借喻用。She drew her coat tightly around her shoulders.
她在肩膀處把外衣拉緊。The crowd watched as the referee drew the player aside/to one side and spoke to him.
人們看到裁判把那名運動員帶到一邊和他說了些什麼。pull : 最普通用詞，包含本組其它各詞的一些意思，可指朝各個方向拉，側重一時或突然拉動的動作。Could you help me move this bookcase over there? You pull and I'll push.
你能幫我把這個書櫃移到那邊去嗎？你拉我推。He pulled the chair away from the desk.
他把椅子從書桌旁拉開。He pulled the heavy box across the floor to the door.
他把地上那個沉重的箱子一直拖到門口。He pulled the door open.
他拉開了門。The car was pulling a caravan.
那輛小汽車正在拖一輛有篷卡車。The sun was so strong we had to pull down the blinds.
陽光太強烈了，我們不得不拉下百葉窗。She pulled out the drawer.
她拉開了抽屜。haul : 指用力拖或拉，不涉及方向，多作航海用詞。They hauled the boat out of the water.
他們把船拉上了岸。She hauled herself up into the tree.
她費勁地爬上了樹。FBI agents hauled away boxes of records.
FBI特工拉走了幾箱記錄。The police hauled him off to jail in front of his whole family.
警察當著他全家人的面把他拖走，投入了監獄。tug : 多指一陣陣地用力拖或拉，但不一定使被拉的人或物移動。Tom tugged at his mother's arm.
湯姆拽著媽媽的胳膊。She tugged at his sleeve to get his attention.
她拽了拽他的袖子引起他的注意。a sad story that tugs at your heartstrings (= makes you feel sad)
令人心酸的故事The baby was tugging her hair.
嬰兒直扯她的頭髮。He tugged the door open.
他用力拉開了門。tow : 特指用繩子或鏈條等拖或拉本身無動力或無法使用自身動力的東西。You shouldn't drive fast when your car is towing a caravan.
汽車拖活動房屋時不能開快車。The road was closed while the vehicles that had been involved in the accident were towed away/off.
在發生交通事故的車輛被拖走時，這條道路封閉。The damaged boat was towed to safety.
受損船隻被拖至安全區。The car made a strange noise and then jerked to a halt.
汽車發出一聲怪響，接著猛然停住了。"What's wrong?" she asked, jerking her head up.
「怎麼了？」她猛地揚起頭問道。the sky is the limit
上星期六是我結婚十周年，老公為了給我一個驚喜，專門在遊艇上預定了燭光晚宴。他還告訴我，不要考慮價錢，想吃什麼、喝什麼，隨便點。這倒讓我想起一個習慣用語：the sky's the limit。
Sky是天空，Limit是限制。The sky's the limit. 天空是你的極限。意思就是說「沒有限制，一切都是可能的」。
結婚十周年，我老公想好好犒勞我一下，所以可以隨便點菜，the sky's the limit。說到結婚，讓我們一起看看下面這個要嫁女兒的老爸的經歷。
Our daughter's wedding planner has lots of ideas. He suggests we have the reception at a five-star hotel featuring a lobster dinner on fine china and get a full orchestra to play. Huh? Does he think the sky is the limit? Of course, we want her special day to be memorable. But it will have to be on a much more modest budget.
我女兒的婚禮策劃師的主意多得不得了。他建議我們在五星級酒店裡舉辦婚禮，用上好的餐具，吃龍蝦大餐，再請個樂隊伴奏。什麼？難道他以為花多少錢都可以嗎？我們當然希望女兒能有一個一輩子難忘的婚禮，但前提條件是，預算必須小得多。
這倒讓我想起我的修車師。每次我去換機油，他都會提出一大堆建議，換個新的空氣濾清器，換個新的擋風玻璃刮水器什麼的，有時候，我真覺得他是在騙我。不過，我也很明確，don't let him think that the sky is the limit。
the sky's the limit還可以用來形容年輕人潛力無窮。在下面這個例子裡，高中田徑校隊的教練談到了自己一個叫Dave的隊員。
Dave is one of the hottest track and field athletes in the nation. He's already being talked about for the U.S. Olympic Team and is picking up endorsements from several sponsors. His good looks and winning personality only add to his potential for a successful future. As far as I can see, the sky is the limit.
Dave是全國最有前途的田徑運動員之一，已經有人開始說，他可能會進入美國奧林匹克代表隊了，而且他已經籤了幾家贊助商。他英俊的外表和積極向上的性格也會為他日後的成功加分。要讓我說，他前程無量。
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