Why are there much fewer slums in China than in India?
為什麼中國的貧民窟比印度少多了
資料圖 印度孟買達拉維
以下是Quora讀者的評論：
Anonymous
Because India is poorer country than China. By 2025 India will have less poor/slums than China.
因為印度比中國更窮啊
到2025年，印度的貧民窟會比中國更少
Warren Wai, travelled around China and knows about her politics
China is much richer than India. The urban poor in China can work in many different industries and services. They are generally better educated than the Indians too and that means these poor rural migrants can find work with higher pay. Of course the hukou system and the other factors cited already are also important.
中國比印度富裕多了。
中國的窮人可以進入不同行業裡打工，文化程度也比印度人更高。
也就是說，中國農民工能找到報酬更高的活兒。
當然，戶口制度也是其中很重要的因素
Mahesh Ubbu, Madness is like gravity, all it takes is a little push!!
Because the government there had taken numerous initiatives to uplift the poor section of the society, they are getting rid of those slums by razing bulldozers at them, in order to provide better housing system, Chinese people are transcending into a new era, probably because of an au-rian government, where the things get done no matter, how the circumstances are.. It just proves how ineffective we are(Indian Govt) in comparison to them...
因為中國努力讓窮人脫貧致富，拆掉貧民窟，為人們修建更舒適的房子。
中國人民已經走入了一個新的時代，這是他們政府的功勞，無論碰到啥困難，都能把事情辦成。
這也從側面證明我們印度政府的辦事效率太低下了
Shuo Yang, Coding peasant and civil economist
China is much more wealthy than India, the GDP per capita of China is about 4 times that of India. So Chinese poor people are more wealthier than Indian poor people.
The Chinese poor and Indian poor are different concepts.
Chinese poor rural people have at least a piece of land and a house back in the villages, with at least basic infrastructure(electricity, basic road, mobile telecom network, blabla). And the salaries for migrant workers is much more than Indian labors. In short, Chinese poor people are much better off than Indian poor people.
Indian slum poor people have to live in the cities because many of them don't have land and house in their hometown, or the infrastructure is so poor in their hometown (e.g, no electricity, no schools, blabla) that they have to live in the cities as slumdog
中國比印度富裕多了，人均GDP是印度人均GDP的4倍。
也就是說，中國窮人比印度窮人「富裕」多了
中國窮人和印度窮人是兩個不同的概念。
中國農民在老家至少有一塊地，有一座房子，能用上水電，能上網，出門有路走。
中國農民工的工資比印度工人的工資高多了
總之，中國窮人的日子比印度窮人的日子過得滋潤多了
印度很多窮人在老家沒有土地，沒有房子，只能住在城裡的貧民窟。
印度農村很多地方也沒有電，沒有學上，只能苟活於城市貧民窟
Marie Arouet
Most commentators here put the Chinese Hukou system as the number one reason. In my opinion, long term planning, including infra-structure build out, is a much more important reason for the differences in these two countries than migration restrictions from the Hukou system.
China's urbanization rate is actually much higher than India's (54% vs 32% today while the same in 1990, 26%, per World Bank). Even with the Hukou system, many many more millions of Chinese move permanently into the cities every year than Indians (about 380 million Chinese vs 75 million Indians since 1990).
這裡很多人把中國的戶口制度歸為首要原因。
在我看來，諸如基礎設施建設之類的長期規劃，是造成兩國差距的更重要因素。
中國城市化率比印度高多了，根據世界銀行的數據，1990年，兩國的城市化率均為26%，如今是54%比32%。
即便有戶口制，中國每年還是有數以百萬計的人進城定居。自從1990年以來，中國城市人口增加了3.8億，而印度只增加了7500萬。
譯文來源：三泰虎 http://www.santaihu.com/49633.html
Sarika Shrivastava
In addition to Kaiser Kuo`s answer, i would like to add a point which i consider as important. The Hukou system, as already mentioned, prevents the rural migrants from permanently settling in the cities. This it accomplishes by allowing them to work in the cities but is not responsible for providing social benefits for them. Hence, they keep circulating between village and city.
我要補充一點，那就是中國的戶口制度。
戶口的限制，使得農民工不能在城裡定居下來。
你可以進城打工，但是享受不到城裡的福利。
結果，農民工不停地往返於農村和城裡
Hence, China manages to keep a check on the expanding slums in the cities without affecting its development (wrt to the laborer`s or worker`s requirement) and maintaining the employment opportunities for the rurals.
這麼一來，中國就成功遏制了城市貧民窟的擴大，同時又不影響發展，又為農民工提供了打工機會
Sabarish Vadarevu, lived in India
The Chinese government seems to be able to get away with things like the hukou system. It doesn't happen in India- because politicians can lose their vote-banks if they take any extreme measures
這要歸功於中國的戶口制度，印度沒有戶口這個東西的，印度政客也不敢搞，否則會失去選票的
三泰虎 http://www.santaihu.com 從這裡了解印度人對中國的看法