（中文僅供參考）
In the clip, Donald Trump is standing before a throng of his worshippers, musing about character and how it is shaped by circumstances. "Can you imagine if that happened to me?" he asks, throwing out a hypothetical. "Man, would I be a bad guy. I would be the meanest man in history." It is February of 2020, and he is speaking of the man who will defeat him in nine months. "Biden is angry. Biden is angry, everything is anger," Trump continues, adding, "and that's what happens when you can't get the words out. That's what happens when you can't get the words out. You get angry." Donald Trump, who sees himself as a not angry, not bad, not mean individual, is apparently imagining himself here horribly warped by a characteristic the president-elect himself wears with pride: his stutter.
在視頻中，唐納德 · 川普站在一群崇拜者面前，沉思著他的性格以及環境如何塑造他的性格。「你能想像如果這事發生在我身上會怎樣嗎? 」他問道，拋出了一個假設。「夥計，我會是個壞人嗎。我會成為歷史上最卑鄙的人。」現在是2020年2月，他正在談論一個將在9個月內擊敗他的人。「拜登很生氣。拜登很生氣，一切都是憤怒，」川普繼續說道，「這就是當你說不出話的時候發生的事情。這就是你不能把話說出來的後果。你會生氣。」唐納德 · 川普(Donald Trump)自認為是一個不生氣、不壞、不刻薄的人，他顯然是在可怕地想像自己被候任總統自己帶著驕傲的特質扭曲了: 他的口吃。
That one of the most important communications positions in the world will soon be held by a man who grew up with a speech disorder is, on the surface, an achievement. It definitely takes some of the air out of the mockery, misunderstanding and snide derision Biden has endured in past several years, notably from Trump's inner circle. In January, Lara Trump declared that "Every time he comes on stage, I'm like, 'Joe, can you get it out? Let's get the words out, Joe." When confronted about it later on CNN, she did not improve the narrative by insisting that what she meant was that Biden has "very clearly a cognitive decline." Similarly, a year ago, Eric Trump sneered to Fox News that "Biden can't get through two sentences without stuttering."
這個世界上最重要的溝通職位之一將很快由一個從小患有語言障礙的人擔任，從表面上看，這是一項成就。拜登在過去幾年裡一直遭受嘲笑、誤解和諷刺，特別是來自川普核心圈子的嘲笑、誤解和諷刺，這種情況肯定會得到一些緩解。今年1月，蘿拉 · 川普(Lara Trump)宣稱: 「每次他上臺，我都會說，『喬，你能把它弄出來嗎? 』？我們把話說出來吧，喬。」後來當她在 CNN 上面對這個問題時，她並沒有通過堅持她的意思是拜登「非常明顯的認知能力下降」來改善敘述同樣，一年前，埃裡克 · 川普(Eric Trump)對福克斯新聞(Fox News)嘲笑道，「拜登連兩句話都說不好。」
It's unsurprising that a family like the Trumps, one that boasts hollowly of superhuman physical health and mental prowess, would be perturbed by a common and often treatable disorder. Yet while Joe Biden has worked to manage his stutter, he has also adroitly synthesized it into his public persona. It's a crucial part of his self-defined origin story, something he's referred to as "the single most defining thing" in his life. Going forward, though, what feels more significant is the ongoing influence that history of stuttering has had on his identity.
一個像川普一家這樣自詡擁有超人般的身體健康和精神力量的家庭，會被一種常見的、通常可以治癒的疾病所困擾，這並不奇怪。然而，在喬•拜登(Joe Biden)努力控制自己口吃的同時，他也巧妙地將口吃融入了自己的公眾形象之中。這是他自我定義的起源故事的一個關鍵部分，他稱之為他生命中「唯一最具定義性的東西」。然而，展望未來，感覺更重要的是口吃的歷史對他的身份的持續影響。
At its most basic, stuttering is a condition marked by the repetition, elongation, or pausing of one's sounds. It affects nearly 70 million people worldwide, mostly males, and its causes are still not fully known. It runs in families (Biden's uncle stuttered too) and varies in severity. Roughly 75% of children who stutter outgrow it. As Biden has explained, "It has nothing to do with your intelligence quotient. It has nothing to do with your intellectual makeup." It is likewise unrelated to cognitive function. Yet cliched tropes and outmoded ideas persist. "Stuttering, when you think about it, is the only handicap that people still laugh about," Biden has said.
從最基本的角度來說，口吃是一種以聲音的重複、延長或暫停為特徵的狀態。它影響著全世界將近7000萬人，其中大部分是男性，其原因仍然不完全清楚。這種疾病在家族中流行(拜登的叔叔也口吃) ，嚴重程度各不相同。大約75% 的口吃兒童在成長過程中不再口吃。正如拜登解釋的那樣，「這與你的智商無關。這與你的智力結構無關。」它同樣與認知功能無關。然而，陳詞濫調和過時的想法依然存在。拜登說: 「當你仔細想想，口吃是人們仍然嘲笑的唯一障礙。」。
It's a sentiment echoed by author and poet Jordan Scott, whose recent children's book "I Talk Like a River" is based on a wise metaphor his father once offered him. "False connections between stuttering and intelligence make it so difficult to live in the world as a stutterer." (Because telecommunication can be challenging for stutterers, Scott graciously offered to be interviewed via email.)
這一觀點得到了作家和詩人喬丹•斯科特(Jordan Scott)的回應。他最近的兒童讀物《我像河流一樣說話》(i Talk Like a River)就是基於他父親曾經給他的一個明智的比喻。「口吃和智力之間錯誤的聯繫使得口吃者很難生活在這個世界上。」(因為通信對口吃者來說是一個挑戰，斯科特優雅地通過電子郵件接受了採訪。)
"I do not stutter because I am nervous," he says. "I do not stutter because I am weak or fearful. I do not stutter because I'm unintelligent. I do not need help finishing my thoughts. I do not need help saying what I am about to say."
「我不會因為緊張而結巴，」他說。「我不是因為軟弱或恐懼而結巴。我不會因為我不聰明而結巴。我不需要幫助來完成我的思想。我要說的話不需要別人幫助。」
He adds, "When speaking, don't we all forget words? Don't we all hesitate or pause? Don't we all sometimes wish we said something else or found a better word to express ourselves? This is what I often refer to as the regime of fluency or a structure of continually promulgated beliefs about how someone should sound or speak in order to be considered credible and intelligent."
他補充道: 「我們說話的時候，難道不會忘詞嗎？難道我們不會猶豫或者停頓嗎？難道我們不希望自己說點別的或者找到一個更好的詞來表達自己嗎？這就是我經常提到的流利體系，或者說是一種不斷傳播的信念結構，關於一個人應該如何發音或說話，才能被認為是可信和聰明的。」
Scott says he thinks fluency "is a fiction." "When I listen to Biden I hear vulnerability, confidence, rupture, hesitation, boldness, blockages, clarity," he told me. "When I listen to Biden I hear the true nature of speech in all its extraordinary nuance."
斯科特說，他認為流利是「虛構的」「當我聽拜登講話時，我聽到的是脆弱、自信、斷裂、猶豫、大膽、障礙和清晰，」他告訴我。「當我聽拜登講話的時候，我聽到了講話的本質，包括所有非同尋常的細微差別。」
That nuance is the result of years of disciplined effort. Growing up, Joe Biden memorized poetry and practiced his recitation skills in front of a mirror to manage his stutter. As he wrote to the Stuttering Foundation of America five years ago, "When you commit yourself to a goal and when you persevere in the face of struggle, you will discover new strengths and skills to help you overcome not only this challenge but future life challenges, as well. I promise you — you have nothing to be ashamed of, and every reason to be proud."
這種細微差別是多年訓練努力的結果。在成長過程中，喬 · 拜登背誦詩歌，並在鏡子前練習背誦技巧來控制自己的口吃。正如他五年前寫給口吃美國基金會的信中所說: 「當你致力於一個目標，當你在奮鬥中堅持不懈時，你會發現新的力量和技能，不僅能幫助你克服這個挑戰，也能幫助你克服未來的人生挑戰。我向你保證，你沒有什麼可羞恥的，你完全有理由感到驕傲。」
That's a message that has to keep being restated. In 2019, Joe Biden referenced his stuttering constituents, talking about "The little kid who said 'I-I-I-I can't talk. Wh-wh-what do I do?'" He said, "I have scores of these young women and men who I keep in contact with." When Sarah Huckabee Sanders ignorantly mocked him on Twitter for it, the jibe must have reminded him of the kids — and nuns — in his school days who called him "Mr. Buh-buh-buh Biden." "It's called empathy," he tweeted back to Sanders. "Look it up." (She apologized and deleted the tweet.)
這是一個必須不斷重申的信息。2019年，喬 · 拜登提到了他口吃的選民，談到「那個說『我-我-我不能說話』的小孩。我該怎麼辦？他說: 「我有很多這樣的年輕男女，我和他們保持著聯繫。」當薩拉 · 赫卡比 · 桑德斯(Sarah Huckabee Sanders)在 Twitter 上無知地嘲笑他時，嘲笑一定讓他想起了他上學時的孩子們——和修女們——他們稱他為「拜登先生」「這叫做同理心，」他在推特上回復桑德斯。「去查查吧。」(她向我道歉並刪除了推文。)
Like his intimate relationship with grief, Biden's experiences of bullying have helped him recognize that particular pain in others. He has said that "I can think of nothing else that has ever stripped me of my dignity as quickly and as profoundly and as thoroughly as when I stuttered in grade school."
就像他與悲傷的親密關係一樣，拜登遭受欺凌的經歷幫助他認識到別人的特殊痛苦。他說: 「我想不出還有什麼比我在小學結巴時更快、更深刻、更徹底地剝奪了我的尊嚴。」
Now, in contrast, he speaks of the "great honor to mentor kids who've experienced the same." One such kid, Brayden Harrington, spoke at the Democratic convention this summer. And at a town hall last winter, Biden said he would offer a college student struggling with a stutter the same advice his mother once gave him — "Don't let this define you."
現在，相比之下，他談到了「能夠指導有同樣經歷的孩子是一種莫大的榮譽。」布雷登 · 哈林頓就是這樣一個孩子，他今年夏天在民主黨全國代表大會上發表了演講。去年冬天，在一個市政廳，拜登說，他將給一個正在口吃中掙扎的大學生提供他母親曾經給他的同樣的建議——「不要讓這個東西定義你。」
Yet stuttering has, in many ways, defined Biden nevertheless. It's hard to imagine that his extensive training to "think in terms of not rushing" hasn't come in handy in the past two soul-sucking months, or that memorizing all that poetry — like Seamus Heaney's line about "the longed-for tidal wave of justice" — was a bad idea. "God's gift to me was my stuttering," he has said. Imagine, if you can after these impulse control-bereft past four years, a president who thinks before speaking. Sounds like God's gift to us.
然而，在許多方面，口吃仍然是拜登的標誌。很難想像，在過去兩個令人心碎的月份裡，他接受的「不急不躁地思考」的廣泛訓練沒有派上用場，也很難想像，記住所有那些詩歌——比如謝默斯•希尼(Seamus Heaney)關於「渴望已久的正義浪潮」的臺詞——是一個糟糕的主意。「上帝賜予我的禮物是我的口吃，」他說。想像一下，如果在過去四年失去了這些衝動控制之後，一位總統能在發言前三思而後行。聽起來像是上帝給我們的禮物。
"As a kid, the first time I saw myself reflected back to me was through the character of 'stuttering Ken' in the film 'A Fish Called Wanda,'" recalls Jordan Scott. "I remember it was a Sunday morning and I was eating oatmeal with my dad when the movie came on. It was the first time I heard or saw anyone else stutter. In 'stuttering Ken' I saw myself. In 'stuttering Ken' I saw how others must see me; and I was a bumbling and weak fool; constantly bullied, wounded and maimed. I was the punchline." But now, he says, "If I was that stuttering kid today, I'd turn on the TV and see Joe Biden."
「當我還是個孩子的時候，我第一次看到我自己是通過電影『一條叫旺達的魚』中『口吃的肯』這個角色反映出來的，」 Jordan Scott 回憶道。「我記得那是一個星期天的早晨，電影開始的時候，我正在和爸爸一起吃燕麥片。這是我第一次聽到或看到其他人口吃。在《口吃的肯》中，我看到了我自己。在口吃的肯中，我看到了別人對我的看法; 而我是一個笨手笨腳、軟弱無力的傻瓜，不斷地受到欺負、受傷和致殘。我就是笑點。」但是現在，他說，「如果我是現在那個口吃的孩子，我會打開電視看到喬 · 拜登。」
boy with stutter delivers emotional speech after help from Joe Biden在拜登的幫助下，患有口吃的小男孩發表了精彩的演講
In the clip, Donald Trump is standing before a throng of his worshippers, musing about character and how it is shaped by circumstances. "Can you imagine if that happened to me?" he asks, throwing out a hypothetical. "Man, would I be a bad guy. I would be the meanest man in history." It is February of 2020, and he is speaking of the man who will defeat him in nine months. "Biden is angry. Biden is angry, everything is anger," Trump continues, adding, "and that's what happens when you can't get the words out. That's what happens when you can't get the words out. You get angry." Donald Trump, who sees himself as a not angry, not bad, not mean individual, is apparently imagining himself here horribly warped by a characteristic the president-elect himself wears with pride: his stutter.
💡stutter
US /ˈstʌtɚ/
UK /'stʌtə(r)/
解釋
例句
🎬在「吉米雞毛秀」傑森-貝特曼責備吉米對他的印象。(Jason Bateman Critiques Jimmy’s Impression of Him)中：
you did the stutter a little bit, right?
你點口吃，對嗎？
you stutter a couple times.
你結巴了幾次。
It's unsurprising that a family like the Trumps, one that boasts hollowly of superhuman physical health and mental prowess, would be perturbed by a common and often treatable disorder. Yet while Joe Biden has worked to manage his stutter, he has also adroitly synthesized it into his public persona. It's a crucial part of his self-defined origin story, something he's referred to as "the single most defining thing" in his life. Going forward, though, what feels more significant is the ongoing influence that history of stuttering has had on his identity.
💡perturbed
US /pə'tɜ:bd/
UK /pə'tɜ:bd/
解釋
例句
🎬在影片「【TED】麥可 · 布朗: 在我們的太陽系中尋找第九個行星 (The search for our solar system's ninth planet | Mike Brown)」中：
when the Sun formed in a cocoon of hundreds of other stars,any one of those stars could have gotten just a little bit too close to Sedna and perturbed it onto the orbit that it has today.
💡adroitly
解釋
例句
🎬在影片「秒讀錯了嗎？！暗戀的時候真的需要欲擒故縱嗎？(Should We Play It Cool When We Like Someone?)」中：
hey would love to build a life with us, they imply, but they could very quickly and adroitly find something else to do if that didn't sound much like fun from our side.
他們暗示自己期待與我們建立關係，但如果我們對此並不感興趣，他們也可以快速且熟練地找到其他事情去投入。
💡synthesized
US /'sɪnθəˌsaɪzd/
UK /'sɪnθɪsaɪzd/
解釋
v. 合成(物質)；
adj. (音樂)人工合成的；
例句
🎬在影片「【TED-Ed】門得列夫的經典「週期表」The genius of Mendeleev's periodic table - Lou Serico」中：
technetium is so rare it couldn't be isolated until it was synthesized in a cyclotron in 1937,
鎝是如此稀有，直到1937年 才在迴旋加速器中被人合成並分離出來
At its most basic, stuttering is a condition marked by the repetition, elongation, or pausing of one's sounds. It affects nearly 70 million people worldwide, mostly males, and its causes are still not fully known. It runs in families (Biden's uncle stuttered too) and varies in severity. Roughly 75% of children who stutter outgrow it. As Biden has explained, "It has nothing to do with your intelligence quotient. It has nothing to do with your intellectual makeup." It is likewise unrelated to cognitive function. Yet cliched tropes and outmoded ideas persist. "Stuttering, when you think about it, is the only handicap that people still laugh about," Biden has said.
💡elongation
US /ˌi:lɒŋ'ɡeɪʃn/
UK /ˌi:lɒŋ'ɡeɪʃn/
解釋
例句
💡cliched
解釋
例句
🎬在「美國恐怖故事 第一季第7集」中：
Could you be more of a pathetic,cheap cliche
還能再可悲、廉價和俗氣些嗎？
💡tropes
解釋
💡handicap
US /ˈhændiˌkæp/
UK /ˈhændikæp/
解釋
n. 阻礙； 殘疾； 設限； 讓步賽；
v. 使不利； 跛足 ；妨礙；
例句
His temper was a handicap in becoming a teacher
His hurt leg is a physical handicap that makes it difficult for him to climb stairs
Your handicap is listed in the golfer card
The next horse race is a handicap
A bad temper will handicap your social skills
They handicap horses if they are underweight
🎬在美劇「犯罪心理 第5季 第12集」中：
which also means she has a handicap placard.
也就是說她有殘障人士通行卡。
🎬在美劇「絕望主婦 第7季 第18集」中：
Well, I am definitely going to the mall to enjoy the last few hours of my handicap placard.
我一定要去趟購物中心，好好享受身為殘疾人的最後幾個小時。
He adds, "When speaking, don't we all forget words? Don't we all hesitate or pause? Don't we all sometimes wish we said something else or found a better word to express ourselves? This is what I often refer to as the regime of fluency or a structure of continually promulgated beliefs about how someone should sound or speak in order to be considered credible and intelligent."
💡promulgated
解釋
🎬在「耶魯大學開放課程：1871年後的法國 第7集」中：
they are not to capture the Chamber of Deputies through elections, and to make possible reforms that are promulgated from the Palaos Bourbon, or where the Chamber of Deputies met,but rather to bring about a revolution.
他們不指望通過選舉來掌控下議院，或是在波旁宮等其他國民議會召開的地方來通過什麼改革方案，而是要發起一場革命。
That nuance is the result of years of disciplined effort. Growing up, Joe Biden memorized poetry and practiced his recitation skills in front of a mirror to manage his stutter. As he wrote to the Stuttering Foundation of America five years ago, "When you commit yourself to a goal and when you persevere in the face of struggle, you will discover new strengths and skills to help you overcome not only this challenge but future life challenges, as well. I promise you — you have nothing to be ashamed of, and every reason to be proud."
💡nuance
US /ˈnu:ɑ:ns/
UK /ˈnju:ɑ:ns/
解釋
例句
🎬在美劇「靈書妙探 第5季 第8集」中：
what my dad responds to is the game's nuance.
我爸爸喜歡的是這項運動的精妙之處。
🎬在電影「史蒂夫·賈伯斯」中：
We are off the record, and Joel's always been good at understanding nuance.
我們沒有錄音，而且Joel從能充分理解細微差異。
"越努力越幸福"
聽我的，沒錯的！