U.A.E. Approves Use of China-Made Covid-19 Vaccine
英文原文選自 華爾街日報 The Wall Street Journal 2020-09-16
（圖）Chinese-made potential vaccines for Covid-19 are being administered at a university in Lima, Peru.
秘魯利馬的一所大學正在使用中國製造的潛在Covid-19疫苗。
The United Arab Emirates has become the first country outside China to approve emergency usage of a Chinese Covid-19 vaccine candidate, in a vote of confidence for a state-backed drug maker racing global rivals to stop the spread of the coronavirus.
阿拉伯聯合大公國成為中國以外第一個批准緊急使用新冠肺炎候選疫苗的國家，這是對一家有國家背景的製藥公司投下的信任票，該公司正在與全球競爭對手競爭，以阻止新冠病毒的傳播。
The U.A.E. is following in the footsteps of the Chinese government, which has approved three of its vaccines for emergency use in China, including two candidates developed by state-owned Sinopharm. Hundreds of thousands of people— from medical staff to stateowned employees and Chinese journalists—have been injected with Sinopharm vaccines outside of clinical trials, the company said.
阿聯正在追隨中國政府的腳步，中國政府已批准三種阿聯疫苗在中國緊急使用，其中包括兩種由國有企業國藥控股開發的候選疫苗。該公司表示，從醫務人員、國有企業員工到中國記者，成千上萬的人在未進行臨床試驗的情況下注射了國藥集團的疫苗。
China is behind four of nine vaccine candidates around the world undergoing the last phase of clinical trials. Sinopharm has been testing at least one of its vaccine candidates in the U.A.E. since July, when the company’s chairman said it aimed to complete trials in roughly three months.
全球9種候選疫苗中，有4種正在進行最後階段的臨床試驗，中國是其中之一。自7月份以來，國藥控股一直在阿聯測試至少一種候選疫苗。該公司董事長說，計劃在大約三個月內完成試驗。
Chinese scientists have had to venture abroad to test the efficacy of their vaccines, since local cases of Covid-19 have all but disappeared, according to official figures. The U.A.E. was one of the first countries to help China kick off Phase 3 trials of its vaccines. Such trials are now taking place in roughly a dozen countries, including Brazil, Morocco, Argentina, Pakistan and Russia.
根據官方數據，中國科學家不得不冒險到國外測試他們的疫苗的效果，因為當地的Covid-19病例幾乎全部消失。阿聯是首批幫助中國啟動疫苗三期試驗的國家之一。這種試驗現在在大約十幾個國家進行，包括巴西、摩洛哥、阿根廷、巴基斯坦和俄羅斯。
The U.A.E., like other Gulf states, has deepened ties with China in recent years, seeking technological know-how in return for oil to help diversify its economy away from hydrocarbons. At the same time, Abu Dhabi officials have built strong ties with the Trump administration, which has warned Gulf states to tread carefully with Beijing amid fears that U.S. technology could pass from its allies to China.
與其他海灣國家一樣，阿聯近年來加深了與中國的關係，以石油換取技術知識，幫助其實現經濟多元化，擺脫對碳氫化合物的依賴。與此同時，阿布達比官員與川普政府建立了牢固的關係。川普政府曾警告海灣國家在擔心美國技術可能從其盟友轉移到中國的情況下，與北京打交道時要小心行事。
「The U.A.E. has indicated that it is going to continue managing this balance and pursue its own interests,」 said Jonathan Fulton, assistant professor of political science at Abu Dhabi-based Zayed University and researcher on China’s relations with the Gulf states. 「In the response to Covid, the U.S. doesn’t have an alternative offer. It’s not like they can say don’t cooperate with China.」
「阿聯已經表示，將繼續保持這種平衡，追求自己的利益，」位於阿布達比的扎耶德大學(Zayed University)政治學助理教授、中國與海灣國家關係研究員喬納森富爾頓(Jonathan Fulton)說。在對Covid的回應中，美國沒有其他選擇。並不像他們說的那樣不跟中國合作。」
A spokeswoman for the U.A.E.’s Foreign Ministry tweeted on Monday that the government had authorized the Sinopharm vaccine to be used on its front-line medical workers, following what she called successful Phase 3 trials in the country.
阿聯外交部發言人周一在推特上說，在該國進行了她所說的成功的三期臨床試驗後，政府已授權國藥控股的疫苗用於該國的一線醫護人員。
An official from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention said the same day that the country could roll out vaccines for China’s general public as early as November, because Phase 3 trials were proceeding 「extremely smoothly.」
同日，中國疾病預防控制中心的一名官員表示，由於三期試驗進展「非常順利」，中國最早將於11月向公眾推出疫苗。
Phase 3 trials test for both efficacy and safety on a large scale, usually involving tens of thousands of volunteers. Western developers of Covid-19 vaccines recently pledged not to seek government approvals to market their candidates to the public before clinical trials are complete.
第三階段試驗在大範圍內測試有效性和安全性，通常有成千上萬的志願者參與。西方Covid-19疫苗開發商最近承諾，在臨床試驗完成之前，不會尋求政府批准向公眾銷售其候選疫苗。
While experimenting abroad, China is also looking to share its vaccines with countries as a way to build up diplomatic relations.
在海外試驗的同時，中國也希望與其他國家分享疫苗，以此建立外交關係。
The vaccine candidates approved by China and the U.A.E. for use outside of clinical trials are traditional vaccines based on inactivated viruses, meaning that the pathogen is weakened for use on humans. Leading vaccine candidates being developed by some Western drug makers use novel techniques involving genetic engineering.
中國和阿聯批准的用於臨床試驗之外的候選疫苗是基於滅活病毒的傳統疫苗，這意味著病原體被削弱後可用於人體。一些西方製藥商正在開發的主要候選疫苗使用了涉及基因工程的新技術。
In Sinopharm’s clinical trial, volunteers take two doses of the vaccine roughly one month apart, meaning that scientists have been monitoring reactions of early volunteers to their second dose for roughly one month.
在國藥控股的臨床試驗中，志願者大約間隔一個月注射兩劑疫苗，這意味著科學家已經在大約一個月的時間裡監測早期志願者對第二劑疫苗的反應。
Tao Lina, a former immunologist with the Shanghai CDC, said it makes sense for authorities to approve the use of Chinese vaccines that have proved safe during the first two phases of clinical trials, given the scale of the Covid-19 crisis. Unlike medical drug treatments, vaccines work by triggering a person’s own immunity, he said. 「I’m not at all worried about the safety of the vaccines,」 Mr. Tao said.
曾在上海疾控中心工作的免疫學家陶麗娜說，鑑於新冠肺炎危機的規模，有關部門批准使用在前兩個臨床試驗階段被證明是安全的中國疫苗是合理的。他說，與藥物治療不同，疫苗是通過觸發人體自身的免疫力發揮作用的。「我一點也不擔心疫苗的安全性，」陶說。
While the level of efficacy of the Chinese vaccines being used including those of Sinopharm isn’t yet clear, Mr. Tao said the Chinese vaccines』 ability to induce the body to produce antibodies during previous clinical trials meant that they were highly likely to confer some degree of protection from the virus.
中國疫苗的功效包括使用國藥控股目前尚不清楚，陶先生說中國疫苗能誘導人體產生抗體在臨床試驗之前意味著他們極有可能從該病毒具有一定程度的保護作用。
Neither China nor the U.A.E. released details on Phase 3 results. AstraZeneca PLC paused, and then resumed, its Phase 3 trial in the U.K. after a woman who was vaccinated experienced an unexplained illness.
中國和阿聯都沒有公布第三階段結果的細節。阿斯利康公司(AstraZeneca PLC)暫停了在英國進行的第三階段試驗，然後又繼續進行，原因是一名接種疫苗的婦女患上了不明原因的疾病。
China’s announcement that Phase 3 trials were proceeding successfully indicates there are no negative side effects so far, Mr. Tao said.
陶先生說，中國宣布第三期臨床試驗正在成功進行，這表明到目前為止沒有副作用。
In an interview with Beijing’s state-run China Central Television, Wu Guizhen, a biosafety expert at China’s CDC, said that ordinary Chinese people would be able to receive vaccines 「around November or December.」
中國疾控中心的生物安全專家吳桂珍在接受中央電視臺採訪時表示，普通中國人「大約在11月或12月」就可以接種疫苗了。
In total, the U.A.E. says it has conducted more than eight million coronavirus tests, recording 80,000 cases of infection and 399 deaths.
阿聯說，該國總共進行了800多萬次冠狀病毒檢測，記錄了8萬例感染病例和399例死亡。
Since the outbreak of the pandemic, the U.A.E. has also sought to position itself at the forefront of finding solutions to combat the virus. An Abu Dhabi-based company has developed a laser-based test that screens blood for infections, a method being rolled out across the country. Researchers in the U.A.E. capital have also conducted initial trials on a stem-cell treatment that alleviates the symptoms of Covid-19。
自疫情爆發以來，阿聯還努力使自己處於尋找抗擊病毒的解決辦法的前沿。一家總部位於阿布達比的公司開發了一種基於雷射的檢測血液感染的方法，這種方法正在全國推廣。阿聯首都的研究人員還對一種緩解Covid-19症狀的幹細胞療法進行了初步試驗。
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