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This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. com.
這裡是bbclearningenglish. com英語六分鐘節目。
Callum: Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Callum.
大家好，歡迎收聽BBC英語六分鐘。我是卡勒姆。
Jennifer: And I'm Jennifer.
我是詹妮佛。
Callum: Now Jennifer, how squeamish are you?
對了詹妮佛，你平常會感到噁心嗎？
Jennifer: Squeamish?
噁心？
Callum: Yes, squeamish. For example, how do you feel when you see blood?
對啊，噁心。比如說，當你看到血的時候，你會有什麼感覺？
Jennifer: Well it depends on whether it's mine or not! But generally I don't have a problem with the sight of blood, why?
那得看是不是我的血了。但是通常來講，我不暈血。為什麼問這個問題啊？
Callum: Well the topic of today's programme is blood and in particular how in some countries, particularly in Asia, your blood type can play an important part in your life. Do you know what your blood group, also called your blood type, is?
因為我們今天的節目就和血液有關。我們一起來看看在一些國家，特別是在亞洲，血型是如何在人們的生活中發揮重要作用的。詹妮佛，你知道你是什麼血型嗎？
Jennifer: I think that I'm blood type O but I can't remember for sure. Do you know?
O型吧，但是我不確定。你是什麼血型啊？
Callum: Er, I haven't the foggiest idea what my blood type is. Do you actually know what the main groups are though?
呃，我也不知道我是什麼血型。你知道一共有多少種血型嗎？
Jennifer: Well I certainly know that O is one of them and I think A too. Erm, not sure about the rest.
我敢肯定O型是其中一種，我覺得還有A型。其他的我就不確定了。
Callum: Well there's A, AB, B and O are the four main classifications. I mean I'm no doctor, no scientist but that's what I understand are the main classifications. And before we explore this topic a little more here's your question. When were these four blood groups first classified with the names, A, AB, B and O? Was it: 1899, 1909, 1919 or 1929
好吧，血型一共有A、AB、B、O四個主要類型。但我不是醫生，也不是科學家，所以我就知道這麼多了。在我們進一步討論這個話題之前，先來看看今天的問題。這四種血型是在哪一年初次被命名為A、AB、B、O？是1899年，1909年，1919年，還是1929年呢？
Jennifer: Well I imagine they've been around for quite some time so I will say 1899.
我覺得應該很早之前就有了，所以我選1899年。
Callum: OK, we'll find out if you're right at the end of the programme.
好，在節目的最後，我們再看你的回答是否正確。
Jennifer: World Service colleague Ruth Evans has made a fascinating programme about the topic of blood groups and how they are used by some people in Japan. Here she is describing the importance of blood groups. Of course blood and blood groups are important in medicine and science, but what other areas does she say blood groups can influence? Here's Ruth Evans.
「全球服務」欄目的同事露絲·埃文斯做了一期節目，非常有趣，該節目主要談論的是血型以及血型對日本人的影響。她強調了血型的重要性。當然，血液和血型對醫學和科學領域都很重要，那麼對其他領域又會有哪些影響呢？一起來聽聽露絲·埃文斯是怎麼說的。
Here in Japan blood isn't just important for medicine and science, it's also got big implications for life, work and love.
在日本，血液不僅僅對醫學和科學很重要，而且對生活、工作和愛情來說也意義重大。
Callum: So Jennifer, as well as medicine and science, what else can blood type influence?
詹妮佛，除了醫學和科學，血型還對什麼有影響呢？
Jennifer: She says that blood can be important to life, work and love. I can see how blood is important to life – we all need blood – but I'm not sure how it is connected to work and love.
她說，血型對生活、工作和愛情也很重要。要說它對生活重要，我可以理解，因為我們每個人都需要血液。但是我不知道這和工作、愛情有什麼關係。
Callum: Well let's listen to a bit more from Ruth, she goes on to explain the connection.
我們再來聽聽露絲的進一步解釋。
Here in Japan blood isn't just important for medicine and science, it's also got big implications for life, work and love. 「What's your blood type?」 is often a key question in everything from matchmaking to getting a job.
在日本，血液不僅僅對醫學和科學很重要，而且對生活、工作和愛情來說也意義重大。從談戀愛到找工作，「你是什麼血型」這個問題很重要。
Callum: She says 「What's your blood type?」 is a key question. What does she mean by that – a 『key' question?
她說「你是什麼血型」這個問題很重要。key question是什麼意思呢？
Jennifer: A 『key' question is an important question. She says blood type is important to 『matchmaking and getting a job'.
Key question就是很重要的問題。她的意思是，血型對matchmaking和找工作都很重要。
Callum: Matchmaking?
Matchmaking是什麼意思？
Jennifer: Yes, finding a boyfriend or girlfriend.
恩，是交男朋友（女朋友）的意思。
Callum: Mmm, not very romantic is it? You can imagine the situation, you're out a bar, you meet someone, you say: 「Hi, would you like a drink? Would you like to dance? What's your blood type? 」
啊，這好像不太浪漫啊。你來想像一下，你走出酒吧，碰到一個人，你對他說「嗨，你想喝一杯嗎？想跳支舞嗎？對了，你是什麼血型啊？」
Jennifer: Well I've definitely never had that chat-up line before. It's not really very romantic, no.
我確定我以前從來沒那樣和別人搭訕過。真的非常不浪漫。
Callum: Let's listen to some more of Ruth who explains why blood types are important.
我們再來聽聽露絲是怎樣解釋血型的重要性的。
「What's your blood type?」 is often a key question in everything from matchmaking to getting a job. A person's blood type is popularly believed to determine temperament and personality.
從談戀愛到找工作，「你是什麼血型」這個問題很重要。大多數人認為，一個人的血型可以決定其性格。
Callum: She says that blood type is popularly believed to determine temperament and personality. Tell us about temperament.
露絲說，大多數人認為一個人的血型可以決定其性格。給我們講講性格指的什麼吧。
Jennifer: Your temperament describes your natural character – whether you are usually cheerful, pessimistic, friendly, reserved, outgoing and so on. And Ruth says that in Japan blood type is popularly believed to determine – or decide – your temperament. I think the phrase 『popularly believed' is interesting here.
性格是指一個人的本性，比如開朗、悲觀、友好、保守、外向等等，這些都是一個人的性格。而且露絲說在日本大多數人認為，一個人的血型可以決定其性格。我覺得『popularly believed' 這個詞組很有意思。
Callum: Why's that?
為什麼呢？
Jennifer: Well if you say that something is 『popularly believed' it means that it's not a proven scientific fact – it's just something that a lot of people believe, even if there is no real evidence for it.
如果你說什麼事情是『popularly believed'，那也就意味著這件事還沒有得到科學證實。僅僅是大多數人這樣認為而已，根本就沒有真實的證據。
Callum: Let's listen to all of Ruth again.
我們再把露絲說的話全都聽一遍吧。
Here in Japan blood isn't just important for medicine and science, it's also got big implications for life, work and love. 「What's your blood type?」 is often a key question in everything from matchmaking to getting a job. A person's blood type is popularly believed to determine temperament and personality.
在日本，血液不僅僅對醫學和科學很重要，而且對生活、工作和愛情來說也意義重大。從談戀愛到找工作，「你是什麼血型」這個問題很重要。大多數人認為，一個人的血型可以決定其性格。
Callum: Do you think there is something to this? Do you think your blood type can determine your personality?
你覺得真是這樣嗎？你覺得你的血型可以決定你的性格嗎？
Jennifer: I think it's a really interesting question. I think it could be possible. What about you? What do you think?
我覺得這個問題很有趣。或許血型真的可以決定人的性格。你覺得呢？
Callum: Do you want a diplomatic answer?
你想聽「官方」回答嗎？
Jennifer: Oh, yes, I think that's best!
是啊，那最好了。
Callum: Personally I'm a sceptic. I find it hard to believe that my character could be determined by the blood that flows around my body. But then I don't believe in astrology either – that the position of the stars and planets in the sky when you are born can determine your temperament or personality. It seems to me these are quite similar theories, neither of which has any scientific background – yet are popularly believed in different parts of the world.
恩，我個人是個懷疑論者。我很難相信我的性格是由我身體裡流動著的血液所決定的。而且我也不相信星座，我不認為你出生時恆星和行星在天空中的位置可以決定你的性格。對我而言，血型和星座這兩種理論很相似，都沒有科學依據，但是世界上的其他人卻很相信這個。
Anyway, it's nearly time for us to go – but before that it's time to get the answer to this week's question. The question was: In what year were blood groups described with the groupings A, AB, B and O?
今天的節目即將結束。我們來看看本期問題的答案吧。問題是：血型是在哪一年被命名為A、AB、B、O？
And Jennifer you chose?
詹妮佛，你選的哪個？
Jennifer: 1899
1899年。
Callum: And the correct answer was, in fact, actually, 1909. But just a stab in the dark, you were right it was quite, quite early on.
正確答案應該是1909年。但當時也只是剛開始這樣叫，你說的對，很早以前就出現了這些命名。
Jennifer: For now, that's all from this week's 6 Minute English. Thank you very much Jennifer.
好了，以上就是本期BBC英語六分鐘的全部內容。非常感謝你詹妮佛。
Callum: You're welcome
不客氣。
Jennifer: Goodbye.
再見。
Callum: Bye.
再見。
That was 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. com.
以上是bbclearningenglish. com英語六分鐘節目。