Hello. This is 6 Minute English. I'm Neil.
大家好。這裡是六分鐘英語，我是尼爾。
And I'm Sam.
我是薩姆。
Sam, have you considered the future of food much?
薩姆，你有考慮過未來的食物嗎？
Well I think in the future I might have a sandwich – in about 30 minutes in the future.
好吧，我覺得未來我可能會吃一個三明治——在30分鐘後的未來。
Not quite what I meant!
不完全是我想表達的意思！
With the population of the world increasing along with the negative effects of climate change and other global issues, we might have to radically change our diets in the future.
隨著世界人口的增長以及氣候變化和其他全球性問題的負面影響，我們可能不得不在未來徹底改變我們的飲食。
Ah, yes I have heard about this – there are all sorts of developments from growing artificial meat to developing insect-based foods.
啊，是的，我聽說過——從生產人造肉到開發以昆蟲為原料的食品，有各種各樣的發展。
Mmm, tasty.
嗯，美味。
Well we』ll look a little more at this topic shortly, but we start, as ever, with a question and it’s a food-based question.
好的，我們很快將會對這個話題有更多的了解，但和往常一樣，我們從一個問題開始，那是一個基於食物的問題。
In which continent did tomatoes originate?
西紅柿起源於哪個洲？
Is it… A: South America, B: Africa or C: Asia?
是A：南美洲，B：非洲，還是C：亞洲？
What do you think, Sam?
你覺得呢，薩姆？
No idea.
不知道。
I’m going to say Africa, but that’s just a guess.
我會說是非洲，但那只是猜測。
OK. Well I will reveal the answer later in the programme.
好的。稍後在節目裡我將揭曉答案。
On a recent edition of BBC Radio 4’s The Food Programme there was an interview with Dr Morgaine Gaye.
在BBC廣播4頻道最近一期的《美食》節目中，有一段對摩根·蓋伊博士的採訪。
She is a futurologist.
她是一位未來學家。
A futurologist is someone who studies and predicts the way we will be living in the future.
未來學家是研究和預測我們未來生活方式的人。
Her particular area of expertise is the subject of food.
她的專長領域是食物。
What two things does she say she thinks about?
她說她要考慮哪兩件事？
As a food futurologist, I think about not just what we’re going to be eating in the future but why.
作為一名食物未來學家，我考慮的不僅是我們將來要吃什麼，還有為什麼要吃。
Why that thing, why that trend, why will people suddenly latch onto that food, that way of eating that food at that particular time?
為什麼要吃那個東西，為什麼有那種趨勢，為什麼人們會突然對那種食物，對在特定時間吃那種食物的方式產生濃厚興趣？
And when I work for large companies, that’s what they want to know.
當我在大公司工作的時候，這是他們想知道的。
There is an element of a hunch.
就有一種預感。
And then proving or disproving that hunch.
然後要證明或反駁這種預感。
So, what two things does she think about?
所以她要考慮哪兩件事？
She says that as a food futurologist she thinks about what we will be eating in the future and also why we will be eating that food.
她說作為一名食物未來學家，她要考慮的是我們將來吃什麼，以及為什麼我們會吃那種食物。
Yes, in particular she looks at why there are particular trends.
是的，她專門研究為什麼會有特定的趨勢。
A trend is what is popular now or what is becoming popular.
趨勢就是現在流行或者將要流行的東西。
For example, at the moment there is a trend for eating less red meat.
例如，目前有一種少吃紅肉的趨勢。
She also looks at why people latch onto particular trends.
她同樣研究人們為什麼對特定的趨勢產生濃厚興趣。
To latch onto here means to be very interested in something.
「To latch onto「在這裡的意思是對某事物非常感興趣。
So if you latch onto a particular food trend, you start to follow that trend, you might start eating that particular diet.
所以如果你對一種特定的飲食趨勢產生濃厚興趣，你就會開始追隨這個趨勢，你可能會開始那種特定的飲食。
Information about future trends is very important for companies in the food business.
對食品行業的公司來說，關於未來食物趨勢的信息非常重要。
How does she actually predict these trends?
她事實上是如何預測這些趨勢的呢？
She says she starts with a hunch.
她說她一開始就有預感。
A hunch is a feeling you get that something is true.
預感是你覺得某事是真的的一種感覺。
You don’t have any real evidence, but your experience and knowledge makes you think you might be right.
你沒有任何真實證據，但是你的經驗和知識讓你覺得你可能是對的。
Let’s listen again.
讓我們再聽一遍。
As a food futurologist, I think about not just what we’re going to be eating in the future but why.
作為一名食物未來學家，我考慮的不僅是我們將來要吃什麼，還有為什麼要吃。
Why that thing, why that trend, why will people suddenly latch onto that food, that way of eating that food at that particular time?
為什麼要吃那個東西，為什麼有那種趨勢，為什麼人們會突然對那種食物，對在特定時間吃那種食物的方式產生濃厚興趣？
And when I work for large companies, that’s what they want to know.
當我在大公司工作的時候，這是他們想知道的。
There is an element of a hunch.
就有一種預感。
And then proving or disproving that hunch.
然後要證明或反駁這種預感。
Dr Gaye goes on to talk about how on the subject of food, there are restrictions.
蓋伊博士接著談到了在食物的問題上如何有一些限制。
Why is that?
這是為什麼呢？
Food business of course has different restrictions around it because it’s about safety, we’re ingesting that.
食品行業當然有不同的限制，因為它關乎安全，我們要攝取食物。
The supply chain and the labelling laws are very stringent especially in this country, so it takes a lot long to get an idea from just a concept that’s discussed around a table to an actual production facility, labelled, branded, tested, marketed and put on the shelves.
供應鏈和標籤法律非常嚴格，尤其是在這個國家，所以需要花費很長時間才能從一個在桌子上討論的概念到實際生產設施，貼上標籤，品牌化，測試，營銷和上架。
So, why restrictions?
所以為什麼有限制？
Well, it’s about safety.
好吧，它關乎安全。
Because we are ingesting food, which is a way of saying we are putting it into our bodies, it has to be safe.
因為我們在攝取食物，也就是說我們在把食物咽進肚子裡，所以食物必須是安全的。
It can be a long process of developing a new food and getting it into the shops because of the need to be safe and meet the laws of different countries.
開發一種新食物並讓它在商店上架可能是一個漫長的過程，因為它需要是安全的並符合不同國家的法律。
In the UK she mentions that the food safety laws are very stringent.
她提到在英國食品安全法非常嚴格。
This means that the laws are very tough, very strict.
這指的是法律非常嚴格。
Let’s hear Dr Gaye again.
讓我們再聽聽蓋伊博士所說的。
Food business of course has different restrictions around it because it’s about safety, we’re ingesting that.
食品行業當然有不同的限制，因為它關乎安全，我們要攝取食物。
The supply chain and the labelling laws are very stringent especially in this country,
供應鏈和標籤法律非常嚴格，尤其是在這個國家，
so it takes a lot long to get an idea from just a concept that’s discussed around a table to an actual production facility, labelled, branded, tested, marketed and put on the shelves.
所以需要花費很長時間才能從一個在桌子上討論的概念到實際生產設施，貼上標籤，品牌化，測試，營銷和上架。
Right, well before we review our vocabulary, let’s get the answer to the question.
好的，在我們複習詞彙之前，讓我們揭曉問題的答案。
In which continent did tomatoes originate?
西紅柿起源於哪個洲？
Is it… A: South America, B: Africa, C: Asia?
是A：南美洲，B：非洲，C：亞洲？
Sam, what did you say?
薩姆，你說是什麼？
I made a guess at Africa.
我猜是在非洲。
Well, I’m afraid that’s not right.
好吧，恐怕那不對。
Congratulations though to everyone who said South America.
不過，還是要恭喜所有選擇南美洲的人。
Right, let’s recap today’s words and expressions.
好的，讓我們來回顧一下今天的單詞和短語。
OK, well we started with the word futurologist.
好的，我們從「未來學家」這個單詞開始。
This is a noun to describe someone who studies and predicts the way we will be living in the future.
這是一個名詞，用來描述研究和預測我們未來生活方式的人。
Then we had trend.
然後我們學了「趨勢」。
This word can describe what is popular now and the way in which what is popular is changing.
這個詞可以描述現在流行的東西，以及流行的東西所改變的方式。
For example now we are seeing a trend for eating less red meat in some parts of the world.
例如，現在我們在世界的一些地方看到一種趨勢——少吃紅肉。
If you latch onto something, you become interested in it and associate yourself with it – we heard that people very quickly latch onto food trends.
如果你對事物產生濃厚興趣，你就會對它感興趣，並將自己與之聯繫起來——我們聽說人們很快就會對食物的趨勢產生濃厚興趣。
Then there was hunch.
然後是「預感」。
A hunch is a feeling about something you think might be true even though you don’t have real evidence for it.
預感是你認為某事可能是真的的一種感覺，即使你沒有真正的證據。
Ingesting something means taking it into your body, so eating or drinking it.
攝取某種東西指的是把它咽進肚子裡，所以是吃或者喝。
And finally a stringent rule is a very strict rule, a tough rule or law which in connection to food is designed to make sure it is safe and of a suitable quality.
最後嚴格的規定是非常嚴格的規定，與食品相關的嚴格規定或法律旨在確保食物是安全的，且質量適合。
OK, thank you, Sam.
好的，謝謝你，薩姆。
That’s all from 6 Minute English.
以上就是今天六分鐘英語的全部內容。
Goodbye!
再見！
Bye-bye!
拜拜！
英文、圖片來源：BBC Learning English