(White House)
(白宮)
President James Buchanan delivers his address after being sworn in as the 15th president of the United States in front of the Capitol in Washington, D.C., March 4, 1857. The oath was administered by Chief Justice Roger B. Taney. (AP Photo)
1857年3月4日，詹姆斯·布坎南總統在宣誓就任美國第15任總統後，在華盛頓D.C.的國會大廈前致辭。宣誓儀式由首席大法官羅傑·塔尼主持。（美聯社供圖）
#美國總統#：第十五任總統詹姆斯·布坎南 (1857-1861)
美國第十五任總統詹姆斯·布坎南（James Buchanan）在美國南北戰爭前夕任職。他是唯一一位從賓夕法尼亞州當選的總統，並且終身未娶。
布坎南在管理一個迅速分裂的國家時，對當時的政治現實把握不足。他依靠憲法學說來彌合奴隸制問題上日益擴大的裂痕，不明白北方不會接受有利於南方的憲政論點。他也無法意識到派系主義是如何重新調整政黨的：民主黨分裂了，輝格黨被摧毀，產生了共和黨。
1861年3月，他退休回到賓夕法尼亞州的老家惠特蘭(Wheatland)，讓他的繼任者去解決這個國家面臨的可怕問題。
明天，我們將分享下一任總統亞伯拉罕•林肯的故事。#美國歷任總統#
#U.S. Presidents# (#15) James Buchanan (1857-1861)
James Buchanan, the 15th President of the United States, served immediately prior to the American Civil War. He remains the only President to be elected from Pennsylvania and to remain a lifelong bachelor.
Presiding over a rapidly dividing nation, Buchanan grasped inadequately the political realities of the time. Relying on constitutional doctrines to close the widening rift over slavery, he failed to understand that the North would not accept constitutional arguments which favored the South. Nor could he realize how sectionalism had realigned political parties: the Democrats split; the Whigs were destroyed, giving rise to the Republicans.
In March 1861 he retired to his Pennsylvania home Wheatland, leaving his successor to resolve the frightful issue facing the Nation.
Tomorrow, we will share about the next President - Abraham Lincoln. #Presidents of the U.S.#
https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/james-buchanan/