編者按:
在水中行走是一種非常安全有效的健身運動。近年來在有些國家和地區,許多年老體弱以及不會遊泳的人對此項活動很感興趣。
在水中行走與在陸地上行走大有不同。在水齊肩部時,人行走時的體重便可以減輕到只有陸地上的1/10,所以行走者體重對自身的壓力、衝擊力及磨擦力都減小很多。因此,關節、肌肉在完成一定運動量的時候不容易受傷。在水中行走阻力很大,走起來很費勁,消耗的能量比陸地行走時也大的多,不但有利於健體,而且可以消耗多餘脂肪,有較好的減肥效果。
在水中行走與在陸地上行走大有不同。在水齊肩部時,人行走時的體重便可以減輕到只有陸地上的1/10,所以行走者體重對自身的壓力、衝擊力及磨擦力都減小很多。因此,關節、肌肉在完成一定運動量的時候不容易受傷。在水中行走阻力很大,走起來很費勁,消耗的能量比陸地行走時也大的多,不但有利於健體,而且可以消耗多餘脂肪,有較好的減肥效果。
長時期堅持水中行走,可以很好地促進新陳代謝。由於消耗能量大,可以明顯改善消化吸收,增進食慾。在水中行走還能夠調整大腦皮質的興奮與抑制的過程,及時消除大腦的疲勞。另外,在水中行走還可以增強神經系統的功能,預防神經衰弱,對改善血液循環,預防動脈硬化,也有作用。
Water walking offers several benefits over taking your typical stroll on land. The water provides resistance, making your muscles work harder to move forward. At the same time, it provides buoyancy, helping reduce strain to your joints. Changing your water walking routine keeps it interesting while allowing you to work different muscles as part of the exercise.
Form is Key
The proper form helps you get the most out of your water walking workout, regardless of which exercise suits you best. Just like on land, keep your back straight and your shoulders lifted. Leaning forward cheats the resistance a bit, but maintaining a straight back requires your abdominal muscles to work a little harder against the pressure of the water. Step like you would on land, too -- your heel goes down first, then roll it forward toward your toe. The buoyancy of the water can make this a challenge, which is what you want out of your exercise time. Swinging your arms in shallow or deep water helps raise the cardiovascular component of the workout.
Basic water walking is much like walking on land, but you must decide how deep you feel comfortable exercising in. The water should be at least waist deep so your entire leg movements push against the water's resistance. The deeper you go, the more resistance you encounter, including swinging your arms underwater. Take long, purposeful steps as fast as you are comfortable with. Shoot for about half your normal land-walking time to begin with, such as 15 minutes if you typically walk 30 minutes on land. Build up your water walking time gradually.
Basic walking isn't the only way to move across the pool. Try walking backward and side-stepping, which works the inside and outside of your thighs more than when you move forward or backward. Lift your knees high to engage your abdominals more. In water that's about waist high, do walking lunges where you lower your body with your front knee bent at 90 degrees and your back leg straight.
Although deeper water automatically increases resistance, adding water gloves also helps. These gloves are typically webbed between the fingers to make it harder to push your hands through the water. Swing your arms with your palms up to add more of an upper-body workout to your water walk, or hold them out to the sides without swinging them to create drag. This makes walking forward through the water more of a challenge.
為了更好地使用SNS傳媒手段來開展英語教學與研究的傳播與交流,2017年5月鄭新民教授創建了「鄭新民談英語教學與研究」的個人學術微信公眾號,堅持講中國故事,堅持公益,堅持原創,堅持以小見大,堅持教研結合;現已推出「上外名人堂」、「學習之道」、「英詩朗讀」、「國別與區域」、「師生對話」、「同行交流」、「中國英語教師聲音圖書館」、「超短篇小說」、「學術微講堂」、「海外遊學」等欄目,後續還將奉上「科研方法」、「教師發展」、「課堂觀察」、「訪談技巧」、「數據分析」、「學術寫作」、「學術會議」、「特級教師論壇」等更多欄目內容,歡迎關注(見上方二維碼)並投稿交流。
電子郵箱:sxmzheng@shisu.edu.cn
鄭新民,1957年生,福建省福州市人,香港大學哲學博士(PhD),上海外國語大學教授、博士生導師、博士後合作導師。擔任上海市學位委員會第五屆學科評議組成員,兼任中國英漢語比較研究會外語教師教育與發展專業委員會常務理事,美國紐約大學和英國利茲大學高級訪問學者。主要研究方向為應用語言學、外語教育、外語教師認知和外語課堂教學等。英文專著:Changing Pedagogy:Analyzing ELT Teachers in China ( London/New York: Continuum,2008), 全球著名應用語言學專家David Nunan為該書作序,稱讚該書拓展、延伸和更新了外語教學理論,尤其對外語課程論理論是一個重要的貢獻。中文專著:《語言教育新概念》(北京師範大學出版集團/安徽大學出版社,2011),《信念與追求—走近上外》(北京師範大學出版集團/安徽大學出版社,2016),《英語學術論文寫作之探—來自鄭新民研究團隊的報告》(北京師範大學出版集團/安徽大學出版社,2017),《英語博士成長札記》(北京師範大學出版集團/安徽大學出版社,2017)。已在SSCI和CSSCI發表學術論文50餘篇。