不少學生在備考雅思寫作的時候,分不清什麼時候該用現在分詞和過去分詞。
初高中階段,現在分詞和過去分詞的語法被簡化為:
現在分詞接(用來修飾)物;
過去分詞接(用來修飾)人。
這樣的例子確實很多,比如:
Alcohol abuse can lead to devastating consequences for individuals and families.
We're all in the same sinking boat with our leaders steering and stirring us up.
Dennis says the suspected attacker also later died shortly after being detained.
consequences和boat是事物;
attacker是人。
當你學到越來越多英語的時候,便會發現下邊的用法:
Sitting in a West Village cafe, she looks like an intimidating theater professor.
After all, we tend to hug a crying loved one, putting our nose near their tears.
Users can play a check-in game that asks HHN guests to go to each haunted house.
現在分詞接(用來修飾)人;
過去分詞接(用來修飾)物。
和前面的用法反了!
你在初高中學過的語法,是簡化的,它是你達到更高水平之前的一個過渡而已。
當你有所進步了,需要更貼近真相,這往往也更複雜。
判斷該用現在分詞還是過去分詞,我介紹的方法不難:
用它們對應的動詞造句。
1) 用動詞intimidate造句,比如:
All three say they want to cooperate but prosecutors' tactics have intimidated them.
Current and former employees said Williams intimidated them into making the payments.
這2個句子最大的差別在於,動詞intimidate的主語分別是事物和人。
相應地,現在分詞intimidating既可以修飾物,也可以修飾人,即
intimidating tactics;
an intimidating person.
2) 用動詞cry造句,比如:
The boy cried when he saw his father, Mtetwa said.
下邊的表達就是正確的:
3) 用動詞haunt造句,比如:
The same story haunts almost every predominately black neighborhood in the city.
賓語是neighborhood,那麼下邊的表達就是正確的:
the haunted neighborhood
最後,規則很簡單:
判斷該用現在分詞還是過去分詞時,用動詞造句。用動詞的現在分詞修飾主語;用動詞的過去分詞修飾賓語。
接下來,我們通過例句來確定應該用現在分詞還是過去分詞。
1) But the ruling generals have disappointed protesters over the past several days.
disappoint的正確用法就是
句中generals(將軍)和protesters都是人。
用了這種方法,你根本不必考慮現在分詞或者過去分詞修飾的是人還是物。
而且,該用現在分詞還是過去分詞,根本就和被修飾的對象是人還是物無關。
2) This hardcore fan stole the trophy in front of more than 90,000 people.
3) Tobias controls a video camera that is suspended from the ceiling in the chapel.
4) Ellenbogen sometimes also tightens the skin via small incisions around the ears.
上文中的例句,全部選自國外正規網站。
「方法確實簡單,但是那個動詞我不會用。那怎麼判斷?」
你判斷不了。因為你不會用這個動詞,所以你不會用它的現在分詞和過去分詞。
如果你想學會,平時就多了解動詞的語法。
如果你不想學,考場上就猜,反正有50%正確率。
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