醫學術語是學習醫學知識的基礎和前提。公眾號推出「醫學術語學習」欄目，每一期擬採用英漢對照的模式，以雙語的形式科普醫學知識，同時也為醫學英語與翻譯專業人士提供學習素材。文中標有背景色的部分文字涉及英語學習過程中常用的短語表達等問題。
Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia, and the most common cause of microcytic anemia. Iron deficiency anemia occurs when the dietary intake or absorption of iron is insufficient, and hemoglobin, which contains iron, cannot be formed. In the United States, 20% of all women of childbearing age have iron deficiency anemia, compared with only 2% of adult men. The principal cause of iron deficiency anemia in premenopausal women is blood lost during menses.
缺鐵性貧血是最常見的貧血病症，也是形成小細胞性貧血的主要原因。當飲食中對於鐵的攝入或吸收不足，含鐵的血紅蛋白無法形成時，會出現缺鐵性貧血。美國育齡婦女中有20%患有缺鐵性貧血，而成年男人中卻只有2%患有此病。月經期失血是造成絕經前婦女患缺鐵性貧血的主要原因。
The numbers are staggering: 2 billion people-over 30% of the world’s population-are anaemic, many due to iron deficiency, and in resource-poor areas, this is frequently exacerbated by infectious diseases. Malaria, HIV/AIDS, hookworm infestation, and other infections such as tuberculosis are particularly important factors contributing to the high prevalence of anaemia in some areas.
相關數字是驚人的：20億人，即世界人口30%以上患有貧血，許多是因為缺鐵造成的。在資源匱乏地區，此問題往往因傳染病而加劇。瘧疾、愛滋病毒/愛滋病、鉤蟲以及結核病等其它感染是導致某些地區貧血患病率高的重要因素。
The major health consequences include poor pregnancy outcome, impaired physical and cognitive development, increased risk of morbidity in children and reduced work productivity in adults. Anaemia contributes to 20% of all maternal deaths.
它的主要健康後果包括妊娠結果不良，身體和智力發育受損，兒童發病風險增加，成人工作效率降低。貧血是導致20%孕產婦死亡的部分原因。
Responses for Iron deficiency anemia are:
●Increase iron intake. Dietary diversification including iron-rich foods and enhancement of iron absorption, food fortification and iron supplementation.
●Control infection. Immunization and control programmes for malaria, hookworm and schistosomiasis.
●Improve nutritional status. Prevention and control of other nutritional deficiencies, such as vitamin B12, folate and vitamin A.
缺鐵性貧血的對策有：第一，增加鐵攝入。使飲食多樣化，納入富含鐵的食物並增強鐵吸收，強化食物並補充鐵。第二，控制感染。實施針對瘧疾、鉤蟲和血吸蟲病的免疫和控制規劃。第三，改善營養狀況。預防和控制維生素B12、葉酸和維生素A等其它營養素缺乏症。
The benefits of stopping iron deficiency anaemia are substantial. Timely treatment can restore personal health and raise national productivity levels by as much as 20%. To support countries in combating anaemia, WHO has developed guidelines on prevention and control of iron deficiency and anaemia together with a manual for assessing the magnitude of the problem and monitoring interventions.
治療缺鐵性貧血的好處有很多。及時治療可恢復個人的健康並使國家生產力水平提高多達20%。為支持各國應對貧血問題，世衛組織制定了關於預防和控制缺鐵和貧血的指南連同一份評估此問題嚴重程度和監測幹預措施的手冊。
重點單詞及詞彙匯總
1.iron deficiency anemia：缺鐵性貧血
2.microcytic anemia：小細胞性貧血
3.hemoglobin：血紅蛋白
4.premenopausal：絕經前的
5.hookworm infestation：鉤蟲病感染
6.tuberculosis：結核病
7.cognitive：認知的，智力的
8.malaria：瘧疾
9.folate：葉酸
10.monitor interventions：監測幹預
11.pregnancy outcome：妊娠結局
12.schistosomiasis：血吸蟲病
這是一個有深度的醫學英語與翻譯學習基地，這是一個了解醫學英語資訊的學習平臺，想要了解最新醫學新聞，學習醫學英語和翻譯，就快快掃描下方二維碼關注我們吧！