「通關文牒」在手
暢遊天下無阻
With a 「Customs Clearance」 in your hand, you too can visit the whole world.新中國成立以後，從半手工製作到如今「全國通辦」的電子化證件，歷代版本的護照猶如一張張照片，記錄了祖國的發展變革。
After the establishment of the new China, passports have transformed from something that’s half made by hand to a nationally standardized electronically recognizable document. The previous versions of passports are like historical photos which record the development and changes that have taken place in China’s motherland.今天小編特邀「50後」「60後」「70後」「80後」「90後」「10後」護照一家子和大家見個面，一同回顧護照的變遷。
Today, editors of this column have found all sorts of passports from the "50s", "60s", "70s", "80s", "90s" and current era for everyone to look at so that we can see the changes that have happened to Chinese passports over the years.
【1950年版護照】
[1950 Passport]
1950版護照是我國第一版護照，公民因公、因私出國通用，由外交部籤發；本版漢字為繁體字，豎排版；無性別欄。
The passport which was issued in 1950 was the first passport to be made by China. Citizens who went abroad for either business or private purposes had the same kind of passport which was issued by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. This version of the passport had vertical columns of traditional Chinese characters. The gender of the passport holder was not indicated.【1951年版護照】
[1951 Passport]
1951版護照將持照人「年歲」改為「出生年月日」。The 1951 edition of the Chinese passport changed the part where the passport holder’s 「age」 was declared to 「date of birth".
【1953年版護照】
[1953 Passport]
1953版護照將「婚否」改為「婚姻狀況」；「身量」改為「身長」；偕行子女「出生年」改為「出生年月日」；橫排版。
Passports issued in 1953 no longer answered the question 「married or not」 but instead wrote 「marital status」; "body type" was changed to "height"; children’s "year of birth" was changed to "date of birth"; the layout of characters was horizontal and ran from left to right.【1955年版護照】
[1955 Passport]
1955版護照增加了「性別」欄；將「偕行子女」改為「偕行兒童」；將偕行兒童「出生年月日」改為「出生年」。
Passports issued in 1955 added 「gender」 as an item; the term 『accompanying sons and daughters』 was replaced with 『accompanying children』; for accompanying children the 『date of birth』 was changed to 『year of birth』.【1964年版護照】
[1964 Passport]
1964版護照取消了「性別」、「身長」、「特徵」三欄；內頁紙為滿版梅花花球、五星圖案水印紙的防偽特徵。
In the 1964 version of the Chinese passport, the three columns "gender", "height", and "notable characteristics" were eliminated; interior pages had all sorts of anti-counterfeiting features such as watermarks of bouquets of plum blossoms and the Chinese five pointed star.
The non-Chinese writing in the passport changed from Russian and English to English and French. When did China and the Soviet Union start squabbling?
護照中的非中文文字由俄語和英語改成了英語和法語。中國和蘇聯是什麼時候開始鬧矛盾的？
【1974年版護照】
[1974 Passport]
This is so cool! The passport in the sample photo was stamped "valid for travel to all the countries of the world". This must mean that there was an option at that time, when passports were issued, for the holder to only be allowed to travel to certain countries.
這太有意思了！此護照樣本上的印章寫著「持本護照前往下列國家和地區有效：世界各國」。這一定說明當時護照籤發時，護照持有者有可能只能前往特定的國家。
Starting from 1974, the writing in passports used simplified characters.
【1979年版護照】
[1979 Passport]
1979版護照增加了「性別」欄；取消了「職業」、「婚姻狀況」欄；取消了「籤署」字樣；將「籍貫」改為「出生地點」；將「本護照前往下列各國有效」改為「本護照前往世界各國有效，自發照之日起有效期五年」。
Passports issued in 1979 added 「gender」 as an item; the columns 「job position」 and 「marital status」 were removed; the phrase "signature" was removed; the phrase "native place" was changed to "place of birth"; the sentence "this passport is valid for use in the following countries" was changed to "this passport is valid for all the countries of the world, and it is valid for five years from the date of issue」.
【1980年版護照】
[1980 Passport]
1980版護照增印「籤署」二字；防偽內頁紙改為滿版火炬、五角星圖案水印紙。
Passports issued in 1980 added a place for the passport holder to sign their name; the anti-counterfeiting features on the interior pages were changed to watermarks of torches and five pointed stars.【1982年版護照】
[1982 Passport]
1982版護照將偕行兒童「出生年」改為「出生年月日」；防偽內頁紙改為天安門圖案水印紙。
For the 1982 edition of the Chinese passport, accompanying children’s 「year of birth」 was changed to 「year and month of birth」; and the anti-counterfeiting paper on the inside was changed to have a watermark with a pattern representing Tian』anmen.【1992年版護照】
[1992 Passport]
1992版護照啟用寫照機列印持照人資料，整頁塑封；增加了「身份」、「婚姻狀況」、「有效期至」及「身份證號碼」四欄；將持照人「出生年月日」改為「出生日期」；防偽內頁紙改為滿版長城圖案水印紙、說明詞為凹版印刷、紫光燈下護照號為橙紅色螢光。
The 1992 version of the passport used photographic paper to print the passport holder's information, the page was completely plasticized. The passport also added four information columns 「identity」, 「marital status」, 「expiration date」, and 「ID number」. The passport holder’s 「birth year, month, and day」 was changed to read 「birth date」. The anti-counterfeiting paper on the inside was changed to have a watermark with a pattern representing the Great Wall, intaglio printed explanatory words were added, and the passport number now fluoresced orange red under a blacklight.
【1995年版護照】
[1995 Passport]
1995版護照印表機讀碼，啟用牡丹花、天安門及花球螢光圖案塑封膜。
The 1995 passport had a computer readable code, and the fluorescing plastic film had patterns of peonies, Tian』anmen, and bouquets.【1997年版護照】
[1997 Passport]
1997版護照取消了「身份」及「婚姻狀況」二欄；將「姓」與「名」分成二欄；持照人照片及資料由雷射印表機列印，自動生成國際標準機讀碼，使用專用防偽膠膜塑封。
In the 1997 version of the Chinese passport, the columns "ID", and "marital status」 were eliminated. Surname and given name were split into two lines. The passport holder's photos and materials were printed with a laser printer, an international standard machine-readable code was automatically generated, and the whole thing was sealed with a special plastic film to prevent counterfeiting.【2012年版護照】
[2012 Passport]
2012版護照為電子普通護照，嵌入了含持照人個人信息和生物信息的「晶片」；採用了以 「輝煌中國」為主題的圖案元素，並採用常光、螢光及水印三種圖案形式共同表現主題。
In 2012, ordinary Chinese passports picked up electronic capabilities; a chip containing the passport holder’s personal information and biological information was embedded into the passport; using normal light, blacklight fluorescence, and watermarks, patterns with the theme of "Brilliant China" were used throughout the document.就連這名叫「證件樣本」的小姐姐顏值和氣質都棒棒的呢，真是內外兼備的用心之作啊。
Even this young lady named "Sample Certificate" is beautiful and even tempered.1950版是新中國成立後第一版護照；1955版是第一版可由公安機關籤發的護照；1992版是第一版按照國際民航組織標準印製的護照；2012版是第一版可實現自助通關的電子護照，2019年3月起，該版護照籤發機關由「公安部出入境管理局」調整為「中華人民共和國國家移民管理局」，如護照系國外辦理，則籤發機關為中華人民共和國駐外大使館或領事館等其他機構。
The passport which was issued in 1950 was the first passport to be made after the establishment of the new China. The 1955 version was the first version of the passport to be issued by a public security organs. The 1992 version was the first version of the passport to be printed in accordance with International Civil Aviation Organization standards. The 2012 edition of the passport was the first version with e-passport capabilities that allowed for self-service customs clearance. Starting from March 2019, unless the passport was applied for by a citizen living overseas, the issuing authority listed on this version of passport changed from the "Ministry of Public Security Exit and Entry Administration" to the "PRC National Immigration Administration". If the passport was applied for by a citizen living overseas, the issuing authority listed is an embassy or consulate of the People's Republic of China.
1950年始，護照在製作工藝、防偽技術上經歷了從「有」到「精」的數十次變化，而每一次變化都是對維護國家安全、便利公民出行、促進人員國際交流、服務我國經濟社會發展發揮著積極作用。Beginning from 1950, the process by which passports are created have undergone dozens of changes both in production and in anti-counterfeiting technology. Over more than 10 editions, they have gone from something which exists to something which is done well. Each change was done to maintain national security, to facilitate travel by citizens, to promote international exchanges of personnel, to serve China's economy, and to play an active role in the nation's social development.
未來，國家移民管理局也將不斷地創新出入境服務便民措施，不斷地豐富網際網路時代的便民服務體系，努力為申請人提供更多、更好、更便捷的出入境服務。
In the future, the National Immigration Administration will continue to innovate and continue to come up with more convenient methods for people to deal with entry and exit procedures, will continue to enrich the internet era service system, and will strive to provide more, better and more convenient services for applicants.
供稿：北京市公安局出入境管理局
作者：林松
編輯：昆明 實習生：嶽鵬
轉載請註明來源：國家移民管理局
With contributions from the: Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau Exit and Entry Administration
Author: LIN Song
Editor: KUN Ming
Intern: YUE Peng