點擊上方藍色字關注，獲取最全面的軌交知識
軌道交通資訊與知識---軌道交通圖書館
總部設在慕尼黑的克諾爾公司（Knorr-Bremse AG）是一家有100餘年歷史的德國企業。在軌道車輛和商用車輛制動系統保持著全球領先地位，其業務範圍還包括軌道交通的車上系統和站臺屏蔽門系統等。近期克諾爾公司公布了其2015年業績， 2015 經營年度的營業額增長了 12%，達到 58.3 億歐元（上一年：52.1 億歐元）。稅前利潤增長了20%，達到 9.77 億歐元（上一年：8.14 億歐元）。
》Sales up 12% against the previous year at EUR 5.83 billion
》Pre-tax earnings and net income rise 20% and 15% year-on-year respectively
》All operational indicators at recordlevels
》Total investment of over EUR 2.8 billionsince 2010 in expansion of development and production facilities (EUR 1.3billion) and development of new systems and products (EUR 1.5 billion)
》Trailblazing Test and Development Centercompleted in Munich to extend technology leadership
》營業額較去年增長了 12%，達到 58.3 億歐元
》稅前利潤和年淨收益分別較去年增長了 20% 和 15%
》全部運營指標皆取得最高評分
》2010 年以來，共投資金額超過 28 億歐元用於擴建研發和生產基地（13 億歐元）以及開發新系統和產品（15 億歐元）
》以未來為導向的試驗和開發中心在慕尼黑落成，將進一步鞏固企業的技術領先地位
克諾爾股份公司董事會：Peter Laier 博士、Lorenz Zwingmann 博士、Klaus Deller、Dieter Wilhelm 博士（左起） © Knorr-Bremse AG
In its 110th year, Knorr-Bremse again posted record sales andearnings. In fiscal 2015 the world’s leading manufacturer of braking systemsfor rail and commercial vehicles saw sales increase 12% to EUR 5.83 billion(2014: EUR 5.21 billion). Pre-tax earnings totaled EUR 977 million (2014: EUR847 million). Net income for the year rose 15% to reach EUR 645 million (2014:EUR 560 million), generating a net return on sales of 11.1% (2014: 10.8%).Incoming orders were valued at EUR 5.67 billion, 3% up on the previous year(EUR 5.51 billion).
克諾爾公司在創立 110 周年之際，在營業額和利潤方面再創紀錄。全球領先的軌道和商用車輛制動系統製造商在 2015 經營年度的營業額增長了 12 %，達到 58.3 億歐元（上一年：52.1 億歐元）。稅前利潤達到 9.77 億歐元（上一年：8.14 億歐元）。年淨收益增長了 15%，達到 6.45 億歐元（上一年：5.6 億歐元）。稅後銷售利潤率為 11.1%（上一年：10.8%）。訂單承接量達 56.7 億歐元，較去年增長了 3%（55.1 億歐元）。
According to Klaus Deller, Chairman of the Executive Board of Knorr-Bremse AG: 「Thanks to our innovative capabilities and a clear focus oncreating genuine added value for vehicle manufacturers and operators, we have again extended our lead in the worldwide rail and commercial vehicle industries, attaining new record levels in all the relevant indicators,including quality, on-time delivery, and customer satisfaction. As a result,last year we posted double-digit growth in both sales and earnings.」
克諾爾股份公司董事會主席 Klaus Deller 說道：「憑藉我們的創新力以及明確聚焦於為車輛製造商和運營商創造實際的附加價值，我們在全球軌道和商用車輛行業的領先地位得到進一步鞏固，同時所有相關指標，例如質量、供應商忠誠度以及客戶滿意度等，皆取得最佳評分。如此我們去年的營業額和利潤雙雙實現了兩位數的增長。」
2015 marked not only the Company’s 110th anniversary but alsothe 30th anniversary of the take over by Heinz Hermann Thiele. As Deller put it:「Thiele’s acquisition of Knorr-Bremse in 1985 must have been the most successful management buy-out in the recent history of German business. He focused the Company on its core business and over the past 30 years multiplied sales by more than thirty times. He transformed a failing company into what is now a global market leader by a wide margin in its fields of activity, ideally placed to achieve further above-average growth.」
除了公司 110周年慶之外，去年同時還是 Heinz Hermann Thiele 接管公司滿 30 年。Deller 解釋道：「Thiele 在 1985 年對克諾爾公司的收購，或許是德國近期經濟史上最成功的管理層融資收購案例。他領導企業集中於核心業務領域，在過去 30 年間將營業額擴大了三十倍，通過企業大規模改組，他鍛造了一家在其業務領域毋容置疑的全球市場領導者，並確立了實現超平均水平增長的前提條件。」
Heinz Hermann Thiele has been appointed Honorary Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Knorr-Bremse AG.© Knorr-Bremse AG
Investing in the future面向未來的投資
To safeguard its future, since 2010 the Group has invested more than EUR 1.3 billion in the construction and expansion of production and development facilities. In the past financial year, capital expenditure totaled EUR 210 million (2014: EUR 161 million). The new Test and Development Center atthe Munich site, which represents the largest single investment in the Company’s history, was completed at the end of 2015. In all, Knorr-Bremse invested EUR 90 million in the building and its equipment, including more than 100 test rigs. The aim is to develop the next generation of braking systems forrail and commercial vehicles; systems that take account of future requirements.In this context, the new Test and Development Center offers the Company’s development engineers globally unparalleled infrastructure. More than 300engineers and technicians from both corporate divisions will leverage synergies as they work here at interdisciplinary level on connected products and systems.
為了保障未來的發展，集團自 2010 年開始投資了超過 13 億歐元，用於修建和擴建開發和生產基地。在上一經營年度，投資金額達到 2.1 億歐元（上一年：1.61 億歐元）。企業歷史上最大的一筆單項投資在 2015 年完成，用於在慕尼黑修建新的試驗和開發中心。克諾爾共投資 0.9 億歐元用於修建建築，並配備 100 多臺試驗臺。目標在於開發軌道和商用車輛的下一代制動系統，以滿足未來的要求。為此新建的試驗和開發中心為開發者們提供了一個在全球首屈一指的基礎設施。來自兩個部門的 300 多名工程師和技術人員在此針對網絡化產品和系統展開跨學科協作。
By making above-average investments in research and development,over recent years Knorr-Bremse has been able to greatly expand its global technology leadership, extending its lead over the competition. In the past financial year the Company further increased its total expenditure on researchand development to EUR 347 million (2014: EUR 296 million), which equates to6.0% (2014: 5.7%) of consolidated sales. This means that since 2010 Knorr-Bremse has invested more than EUR 1.5 billion in the development of newp roducts and systems. In fiscal 2015, 3,348 employees worked in research and development, which equates to 13.8% of the workforce (2014: 13.0%).
憑藉在研發方面超出平均水平的投資，克諾爾公司在過去幾年明顯強化了全球技術領導者的地位，並進一步擴大競爭優勢。在上一經營年度，公司再次增加研發方面的投入，總投資達到 3.47 億歐元（上一年：2.96 億歐元），相當於營業額的 6.0%（上一年：5.7%）。如此克諾爾在 2010 年之後，共投資了逾 15 億歐元用於新產品和系統的開發。在 2015 經營年度，共 3,348 名員工從事研發工作，相當於員工總數的 13.8%（上一年：13.3%）。
At year-end 2015, the Knorr-Bremse Group employed 24,275 persons(21,783 excluding HR leasing). This equates to a year-on-year increase of 1.5%(4.3% excluding HR leasing). Across the Group, at year-end 2015 the region Europe (Western and Eastern Europe)/Africa/Middle East accounted for 53.0% ofthe workforce, North and South America for 19.7%, and Asia/Australia for 27.3%.The six German plants in Aldersbach, Berlin, Dresden, Holzkirchen, Munich, and Schwieberdingen employed a total of 4,742 persons at year-end (2014: 4,846),which represents 19.5% of the total workforce.
至 2015 年末，克諾爾公司的員工總數達到 24,275（除去租借員工之後為 21,783）。較客歲增長了 15%（除去租借員工之後為 4.3%）。截至年末，集團範圍內共 53.0% 的員工任職於歐洲區（西歐和東歐）/非洲/近東地區，19.7% 的員工任職於北美和南美，以及 27.3% 的員工任職於亞洲/澳大利亞。德國六大基地，即阿爾德爾斯巴赫 (Aldersbach)、柏林、德勒斯登、霍爾茨基爾興 (Holzkirchen)、慕尼黑和施維貝爾丁根(Schwieberdingen)，在截止日 (2015.12.31) 共擁有員工 4,742 人（上一年：4,846 人），相當於員工總數的 19.5%。
慕尼黑新建的試驗和開發中心。在此處開發軌道和商用車輛的下一代制動系統。 © Knorr-Bremse AG
Responsibility for sustainable success對於可持續成功的責任
For Knorr-Bremse as a family firm, far-sighted and responsible behavior has always formed a fundamental part of the Company’s business model.In 2015, Knorr-Bremse was able to achieve further progress in respect of environmental and climate protection and reduced not only its energy and water consumption but also emissions.
克諾爾作為一家家族企業，有遠見、且負責任的行為方式始終都是企業業務模式的基礎部分。在 2015 年，克諾爾公司在環保和氣候保護方面再次取得進步，降低了能耗和水資源的消耗，並減少排放。The Knorr-Bremse Global Care association, which supports people who through no fault of their own, are victims of environmental catastrophes,accidents, armed conflict, poverty or illness, last year celebrated its tenth anniversary. 「The work of Global Care helps document the social responsibilityof Knorr-Bremse,」 said Klaus Deller. Since Global Care was founded, in 190 projects it has provided some EUR 14 million to help over 625,000 people inneed. 「In addition, together with our employees, who volunteer their help, aspart of our Local Care initiative we also support social and charitable institutions in the vicinity of our plants around the world,」 Deller added.
克諾爾集團全球慈善基金會 ( Knorr-Bremse Global Care e.V.) 旨在對全球因氣候災害、事故、戰亂、貧窮或疾病而深陷困境的人們提供援助，在去年慶祝了成立 10 周年。「全球慈善的工作是克諾爾公司社會責任感的證明。基金會自創建以來，已經通過 194 個項目為 625,000 名在困境中掙扎的人伸出援助之手，總投資達到 1,400 萬歐元。「憑藉我們員工志願者所提供的幫助，我們還將在本地慈善倡議的主旨下在全球基地附近推動社會和慈善機構的建設」，Klaus Deller 解釋道。
Business development in 2015 by division各個分部 2015 年的業務發展
In a stable global market environment for rail vehicles, the Rail Vehicle Systems division achieved 12% growth in the past financial year assales reached EUR 3.34 billion (2014: EUR 2.98 billion). The primary drivers ofthis dynamic development were exponential growth in the U.S. rail freight sector, as well as the very positive development of the division’s worldwide aftermarket activities. In the past financial year, Knorr-Bremse RailS erviceswas again able to conclude numerous maintenance and modernization agreements,some of them with a term of over 15 years. One recent example is a major orderfrom RUMO/ALL in Brazil: Knorr-Bremse is not only to upgrade the brake equipment on some 8,500 freight cars belonging to South America’s largest railroad logistics operator but will also have exclusive responsibility formaintaining the brakes over the next 15 years. With the acquisition of traincontrol specialist Selectron Systems AG in early 2015, Knorr-Bremse expandedits portfolio to include components and solutions for the automation of railvehicles.
在軌道車輛方面穩定的全球市場環境下，軌道車輛系統部門在上一經營年度創造了 33.4 億歐元的營業額，增長率達到 12%（上一年：29.8 億歐元）。迅速發展的動力主要源自於美國軌道貨運交通領域的迅猛增長，以及全球服務業務方面甚為可觀的發展勢態。在上一經營年度，克諾爾軌道運輸服務部 (RailServices) 再次承接了大量保養和現代化翻新訂單，部分訂單的持續時間超過 15 年。最近的一個訂單便是來自於巴西 RUMO/ALL 的大型訂單：克諾爾不僅將為這家南美最大鐵路物流商的大約 8,500 輛貨車現代化翻新制動系統，同時還獨力負責接下來 15 年的保養工作。通過在 2015 年初收購軌道車輛控制專家西創公司 (Selectron Systems AG)，克諾爾的產品範圍得到進一步完善，增加了軌道車輛自動化方面的組件和解決方案。
Despite shrinking worldwide truck output, the Commercial Vehicle Systems division was able to increase its sales by 12% to a totalof EUR 2.49 billion (2014: EUR 2.23 billion). In the past financial year,Knorr-Bremse benefited in particular from the positive development of thecommercial vehicle markets in Europe and North America. In Europe, the Companywas able to increase its market share in key segments and overcome the competition to win business from major OEMs. For example, Knorr-Bremse acquired new orders for electronic brake control systems, the electronic parking brake,and compressors with smart control systems. In addition, the Company concluded long-term agreements with leading manufacturers to supply the new ST7 trailer disc brake, thereby winning substantial market shares in this segment.
商用車系統領域面對全球卡車生產方面的頹態逆流勇進，營業額增長了 12%，達到24.9 億歐元（上一年：22.3 億歐元）。克諾爾在上一經營年度的盈利主要源自於歐州和北美商用車市場的積極發展。企業在重要細分市場搶佔歐洲市場份額，並通過大型初始設備製造 (OEM) 應對競爭。如此克諾爾收穫了一批新的訂單，涉及電子制動控制系統、電子駐車制動器以及配備智能控制器的壓縮機。此外還和著名製造商針對拖車 (ST7) 的新型盤式制動器籤訂長期供貨合同，藉此贏得了該領域的大量市場份額。
In the past financial year Knorr-Bremse’s U.S. subsidiary Bendix sold its 1 millionth air disc brake and posted robust sales growth with its ESP electronic stability program, which has now surpassed the 400,000 delivery threshold. With the presentation of its new driver assistance system, Wingman Fusion, in 2015, Bendix responded to the growing demand for innovative safety equipment for commercial vehicles in North America. Wingman Fusion is the most advanced collision mitigation system on the market. In the USA, Bendix is the market leader for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). 2015 also saw the start of production of brake components and control systems at Knorr-Bremse’sjoint venture with the largest Chinese truck manufacturer, Dongfeng. In the future, the product spectrum will also embrace air supply, transmission control, and exhaust brake components for medium and heavy-duty trucks.
美國子公司奔德士 (Bendix) 在去年售出了第一百萬個盤式制動器，電子穩定程序 (ESP) 的銷售成績漲幅強勁，期間已經邁過 400,000 件的銷售大關。去年通過展示新型駕駛輔助系統 Wingman Fusion，奔德士完美應對北美市場對於商用車安全裝置日益增長的需求。Wingman Fusion 是一種市場上領先的緊急制動系統，可以避免發生嚴重的追尾事故。在美國，奔德士是高級駕駛輔助系統 (ADAS) 方面的市場領導者。這家合資企業去年和中國最大的卡車製造商東風集團取得合作，投入制動元件以及制動控制系統的生產；未來合作範圍還將進一步涵蓋中型和重型商用車的空氣管理、變速箱控制和發動機制動。
中國短途交通的中堅力量是地鐵線路。在過去 25 年間，克諾爾對 10,000 多輛中國地鐵客車裝配製動系統。 © Knorr-Bremse AG
Business development in 2015 by region各個區域 2015 年的業務發展
The global economy showed moderate growth in the year underreview. The economic recovery in the industrialized nations contrasted with falling growth rates in the developing and emerging economies. The worldwide market environment for rail vehicles remained stable compared to the previous year. The global commercial vehicle market showed a further downturn in 2015.Increasing truck output in Western Europe, North America, and Japan contrasted with declining production in China and Brazil.
全球經濟在報告年度中呈適度增長。工業國家的國民經濟不斷復甦，發展中國家和新工業化國家的經濟增幅逐漸放緩。全球軌道車輛的市場環境相對於上一年保持穩定。全球商用車市場在 2015 年再現頹態，西歐、北美和日本的卡車產量增加，而在中國和巴西的銷量卻出現萎縮。
Knorr-Bremse’s business showed positive development in the Europe/Africa/MiddleEast region. Sales were up 6.7% at EUR 2.62 billion (2014: EUR 2.45billion). The rail vehicle market remained at its prior-year level. While the market volume was largely unchanged year-on-year in Germany, France, Spain, andItaly, in Russia project-related call-offs under existing framework agreements were postponed to future years. Knorr-Bremse was able to maintain its leading market position by securing important orders. By way of example, the Company issupplying the braking and entrance systems for regional trains from the AT200series being built by Hitachi Rail, as well as for Twindexx double-deck carsfrom Bombardier Transportation, which, from the end of this year, will be onregional service between Munich and Nuremberg. In addition, mining companyVALE, which operates a stretch of railroad between Mozambique and Malawi in southern Africa, is having new braking systems from Knorr-Bremse installed inalmost 300 of its freight cars.3.
克諾爾在歐洲/非洲/近東區域的業務呈現積極增長。營業額增長了 6.7%，達到 26.2 億歐元（上一年：24.5 億歐元）。軌道車輛市場回到上一年的水平。德國、法國、西班牙和義大利的市場銷量和上一年相比並無多大變化，而在俄羅斯，現有框架協議中的項目啟動則被推遲到隨後幾年。通過承接重要訂單，克諾爾能夠再次證明其市場領先地位。如公司為日立鐵路的 AT200 系列區域列車和龐巴迪運輸集團的 Twindexx 系列雙層客車提供制動和車門系統。後者將於今年年末在慕尼黑和紐倫堡之間投入區域運營。此外，採礦公司淡水河谷 (VALE) 在非洲南部的莫三比克和馬拉威之間運營一段鐵路，為其近 300 輛貨運列車配備了先進的克諾爾制動系統。
Truck output in Europe rose 5.5% in 2015 after falling 9.5% in 2014. The recovery was led by positive developments in Germany, Spain, Italy,and the UK. The Commercial Vehicle Systems division was able to grow its market share not least by concluding a multi-year agreement with a major European commercial vehicle builder governing the supply of electronic braking systemsand screw-type compressors. As in past years, the disc brake and electronic braking system (EBS, ABS, and ESP) product segments were the key sales drivers.
歐洲卡車製造量在 2015 年增長了 5.5%（上一年：降低 9.5%）。這種增長歸因於德國、西班牙、義大利和英國積極的市場發展。通過和著名的歐洲商用車製造商締結多年供貨合同，克諾爾商用車系統對這一增長作出了舉足輕重的貢獻，協議涵蓋了電子制動系統和螺杆壓縮機。過去幾年的營業額主要由盤式制動器和電子制動控制系統（EBS、ABS 和 ESP）的產品段創造。
In North and South America, the Company posted sales of EUR 1.43 billion, representing a year-on-year increase of 23.1% (2014: EUR 1.16billion). Demand for rail vehicles in North America remained stable at a highlevel in 2015. Thanks to the launch of new products such as the VV-1000 Toil-free compressor, Knorr-Bremse was again able to build on its market position.
在北美和南美區域，公司憑藉 14.3 億歐元實現了 23.1% 的增長率（上一年為 11.6 億歐元）。在上一經營年度，北美在軌道車輛領域的需求穩定保持高水平狀態。通過推出新產品，如無油壓縮機 VV-1000T，克諾爾公司進一步鞏固其市場地位。北美的卡車製造得益於美國經濟的積極發展，並實現了高達 7.7% 的顯著增長（上一年 +18.8%）。奔德士進一步強化了其在於 OEM 業務領域的地位，通過售後領域的再製造零部件更顯優勢。這家子公司在 2015 年再次拓展了再製造產品範圍。
Truck production in North America benefited from the positive development of the U.S. economy and posted substantial 7.7% growth (2014:+18.8%). Knorr-Bremse subsidiary Bendix was not only able to further reinforceits position in the OEM business but in 2015 also successfully expanded its portfolio of remanufactured components for the after-sales sector. In the South American rail vehicle sector, demand stagnated at the prior-year level. Againstthe backdrop of the marked political and economic crisis in Brazil, which also impacted on neighboring countries, no positive impetus was forthcoming. As int he previous year, 2015 brought a further recession-led downturn in truck production in South America. In all, the market showed a 46.6% fall-off from 2015 to 2014, after a 28.4% decline in 2013.
南美的商用車市場維持在上一年的水平。在巴西出現政治和經濟危機，並波及周邊鄰國的背景下，積極的動力始終未曾出現。和 2014 年一樣，2015 年南美的卡車生產由於經濟蕭條的影響未見起色。相比 2014 年，市場萎縮了 46.6%（2013 年：降低 28.4%）。
In the Asia/Australia region, sales rose 12.1% in 2015 toEUR 1.78 billion (2014: EUR 1.59 billion). The rail vehicle markets inAsia/Australia were dominated by demand from the high-speed sector in China.Knorr-Bremse supplied braking equipment for 521 high-speed trains in 2015, aswell as a proportion of the entrance and HVAC systems, to a total value of morethan EUR 500 million. Knorr-Bremse also benefited from the expansion of localmass transit infrastructures, where the Company was able to secure new ordersto supply equipment for metro cars and light rail vehicles. To further reinforce its strong market position in China and participate in expansion inthe intercity segment, last year Knorr-Bremse expanded its plant in Suzhou and concluded a joint venture agreement with partner company GuoTong.
亞洲/澳大利亞區域的營業額在 2015 年增長了 12.1%，達到 17.8 億歐元（上一年：15.9 億歐元）。亞洲/澳大利亞的軌道車輛市場主要受中國高鐵領域的強烈需求所影響。在過去一年，克諾爾為 521 輛高速列車配備制動系統，其中部分配裝車門和空調系統，總金額達到 5 億歐元。此外，克諾爾而受益於短途客運領域的基礎設施建設，公司也因此能夠承接地鐵和有軌電車設施方面的新訂單。為了進一步鞏固在中國的領先地位，參與城際交通的發展，克諾爾在過去一年擴建了其位於蘇州的工廠，並與合作夥伴國通創建了合資企業。
The commercial vehicle markets in Asia/Australia were in poorshape in 2015. Truck production was a significant 11.8% down on the prior year(2014: -2.7%). In India truck production increased (+44.5%), but in Japan(-5.2%) and China (-24.1%) output fell.
亞洲的商用車市場則較為低糜。卡車產量大幅收縮了 11.8%（上一年：降低 2.7%）。印度的卡車生產呈現積極增長態勢 (+44.5%)，而在日本和中國卻分別減少了 5.2% 和 24.1%。
克諾爾為巴西這 8500 輛運輸甘蔗的貨車配置新的制動系統。©RUMO/ALL
更多軌道交通資訊與知識請關注本公眾號