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項目名稱：文脈院
Project Name: Wenmai Yen
地址：四川邛崍
Location: Qionglai, Sichuan
類別：商業暨公共類建築、室內及景觀設計
Type & Scope: Commercial / Civic Architecture, Interior & Landscape Design
主辦方：邛崍市人民政府
Host: Qionglai Municipal People's Government
建築面積：1147m2
Gross Floor Area: 1147m2
大棟建築近期同上海匪石合作，主持設計了位於四川邛崍市文脈巷片區的一處院落競賽。該項目緊鄰歷史保護文物王家大院，是邛崍市都會更新的核心部分。基於經濟效益及建築維護考量，我們將多元商業業態與文化空間引入，為該區域發展創造可能性。
R-BAS has lately been working with Faith Studio (Shanghai) to deliver a design competition of a yen lo located in the area of Wenmai Alley, Qionglai, Sichuan. This project is targeted adjacent to Wangs' Yen Lo, a historic listed property of cultural relics, forming the core part of Qionglai's urban renewal plan. Based upon economic and social follow-up considerations, we bring in diverse commercial tenants as well as cultural spaces to provide more developmental possibilities to the local area.院落，西南官話成渝片：【yɛn lɔ】，是川西主要民居組織形式，廣泛存在於邛崍的城鄉山水間。我們團隊由四川傳統空間觀始研究院落的形態。「院」為「合院」、「院子」，「落」即為「建築聚落」，是中國建築獨有之營造概念。本方案致力以現代建築語言還原院落的原始意識形態，詮釋文脈巷在地建築文化特色。
Yen lo, forming the main body of western Szechwanese folk house, widely exist among mountains and towns in Qionglai. Our team studies the form of such yen lo by means of traditional conceptions of space in Sichuan. Yen lo is an expression transliterated from Southwestern Mandarin. It comprises two characters: yen, meaning yenzih, the 'enclosed courtyard', and lo, 'aggregate of building blocks'. Our proposal is committed to reproduce the proto-ideology of yen lo under modern architectural interpretations, with regard to the vernacular cultural characteristics of the area of Wenmai Alley.與西方中庭／廣場性質不同，東方院落有其空間內斂性。「中國建築基本是一個棚子。由幾根柱子撐起來，形成間架，加上一個屋頂⋯⋯茅茨土階，非常簡樸⋯⋯最了不起的是紫禁城，也是一堆大棚子。」⑴ 由「棚子」圍合的地方即為院落，而居者行走於連廊，院子實為「無用」的附屬空間。文脈巷片區段氏舊居現存大型花壇，即是川西院子讓居者可觀而不可用的案例。East Asian yen lo are more spatially introverted compared to Western courtyard-plazas. 'Chinese buildings are basically sheds structured up by few pillars forming spaces and roofs. Such simplicity is also reflected in roofs made by hays and foundations made by rammed earth. Even the most breathtaking palaces in Forbidden City are also made of such sheds.' ⑴ Yen lo(s) are those enclosed by sheds. Since residents usually walk through colonnades, the yenzih are intrinsically 'impractical' affiliated spaces. The large-scale flowerbed in the central yard of Duan's House on Wenmai Alley is a typical seeable but unusable example of western Szechwanese yen lo.
段氏舊居（場地片區保護建築）
Duan's House (protected historic building in situ)
與之相反，西方中庭／廣場具有強烈活動屬性：古代雅典的哲人在圓形劇場發表民主演講；英格蘭的宅邸中庭則往往作為運動空間。中庭/廣場作為獨立於建築的「體」，是重要的活動場域。而本方案為還原中式院子的「無用」屬性，在院落中央設置了一個「負空間」的水塘，以呼應臨邛民眾「臨水而居、耕讀世家」，對文脈堰情感上的延續感。這個水塘是一個安靜、可望不可及的象徵，是一個虛化的空間符號。
In contrast, Western courtyard-plaza is of a strong practical nature. Ancient Athenean philosophers made debuts at amphitheatres; atriums of Norman English residences were generally utilised for family activities. Courtyard-plaza frames an important living field and a substance that is independent from buildings per se. Our proposal aims at reinterpreting the 'impractical' property of Chinese yen lo, placing a pond of negative space in responding to Qionglai's residential disposition of 'farming families living by water' and emotional continuity of Wenmai Barrage culture. The pond serves as an unreachable blunt spatial symbol as well as a quiet beacon to the local community.
《葛稚川移居圖》 元／王蒙
Wang Meng, Zhi Chuan moving to mountains, Yuan Dynasty
「陰以致陽」是中國古典庭院的內涵之一。《葛稚川移居圖》在畫水時，僅僅描繪出岸邊的礁石與木橋，水的部分留白。同樣，本方案將多數活動的可能性留給了圍合水塘的連廊，包括起伏的兒童活動空間、休憩、開放餐飲及綠化場地。水塘週邊種植蕨類及蘚類等適宜邛崍氣候的植被。連廊作為「陽」的活動空間被強化，與「陰」的水塘形成對比；二者一體兩面，相互轉化。
'Restraint for exuberance' is one of the connotations of classical Chinese gardens. Looking into the painting Zhi Chuan moving to mountains, we might see that the water part is left blank whilst rocks and timber bridges are briefly outlined. Similarly, corridors surrounding the pond are designed as main activity spaces in our project. These include bumpy kid zones, leisure areas, open f&b courts and a large amount of greenery. Environmentally adaptive vegetation such as ferns and moss would be planted around the pond. Function of corridor as a yang-symbolising living area is intensified in contrast to the yin-symbolising pond. The two complement each other.
連廊將「建築聚落」串成一體。在這座表達都市更新意向的綜合體中，錯落有致的商業租戶被有機統一。這再次擁抱了院落的本質：西方中庭是一個從擁有完整室內動線的單一建築體「切除的場」；而東方院落的動線位於半室外，即連廊。連廊連接具有獨立功能的建築體、是溝通私域與院落以外公域的灰空間。在本方案中，明堂、廂房、夥房、茅廁等功能空間被轉化為七個相互獨立的體塊，包括三處零售／文化類租戶、兩處餐飲／娛樂租戶、一處開放餐飲租戶及一處衛生間。體塊以四川民居常用開間尺寸三米為模數展開。不鏽鋼與鋁合金組成的格紋外立面則與傳統川西穿鬥式結構產生形式上的關聯。
The corridors string building blocks together. Commercial tenants are organically integrated under the concept of this innovating city complex, which again embraces the nature of yen lo: Western courtyard-plaza is an extra spatial-field aside from individual structures with complete internal circulations; whilst circulations of Oriental yen lo are half-outdoor, i.e., the corridors (colonnades). Connecting the building blocks with their own functions, the corridor is a grey space that communicates communal domain with the public domain outside Wenmai Yen. In terms of this project, functional spaces of vernacular Szechwanese architecture, e.g., the worship hall, wing-rooms, cookhouse and loo are converted into seven blocks, including three retail / cultural tenants, two f&b / entertainment tenants, one open f&b tenant and one lavatory. These blocks are replicated and scaled as per multiples of 3 metres (standard width unit of a room in Szechwanese folk house) in size, featuring lattice façades made out of stainless steel and aluminium that revive local chuandou structure.
竹之院Yen Lo of Bamboo
四川院落民居的「展延」、「懸挑」與「架空」
Extension, protrusion and suspension of vernacular Szechwan yen lo
除開連廊，我們也使用一個大「棚子」以有機統一租戶。當地最常見、最基本的冷攤小青瓦與川西建築經典的懸山頂被運用。出於商業及營造都市更新地標的考量，數字化的設計方法與生成邏輯被使用；一個象徵想像力的延伸的異形屋面被創造。同時，我們將傳統四川院落「逐院連脊」、「展延」、「架空」、「懸挑」等語言運用於方案中⑵，給予商業活動寬敞的簷下空間。
We also utilise a large and irregular 'shed' to unify tenants. The most common and basic grey lengtan tile and traditional open gabled roof in Qionglai are employed. In order to create a commercial landmark with respect to the aim of urban renewal, parametric methodology is adopted to generalise the 'shed'. Furthermore, classical Szechwanese yen lo norms such as 'ridge connection', 'extension', 'protrusion' and 'suspension' are applied in the design, ⑵ giving commercial activities wider spaces under the eaves.瓦頂由輕型預製鋼龍骨支撐，模仿傳統柱梁-檁條-椽子構架。具有自然生長力的密集白色鋼柱穿透屋面，呼應邛崍本地特色自然景觀竹海（蘆溝、寨溝、大同竹海）。圍繞院子的步道被延伸到屋面，強化了連廊的活動屬性及院子「陰」的性質。使用者在屋面上行走，如同在竹林中漫步。觀景平臺給予了俯瞰鄰近王家大院及整個文脈巷片區的機會，創造觀光與商業熱點。
Load-borne by lightweight prefabricated steel framework, the roof is of a traditional column-purlin-rafter structure. Abundant white columns grow and penetrate the 'shed', echoing the local scenery of tsouhae (Lugou, Zhaigou, Datong bamboo forest). The walkway around the yen lo is extended to the rooftop, reinforcing the living property of the corridor and the yin nature of the yard. Experiencing the sky promenade would be akin to roaming in a bamboo forest. The viewing platform provides opportunity to overlook the adjacent Wangs' Yen Lo and the entire area of Wenmai Alley. A tourist hotspot is thus created.
建築立面圖（不含室內及景觀部分）
Section A-A' (excluding interior and landscape design)
由上海匪石工作室主持，大棟建築參與了本項目的景觀設計。具有歡迎意味的活潑的花崗巖鋪地與休憩裝置被使用。我們慮及預算、川西氣候及文化意涵，選擇青苔與漆姑草作為綠植主體，輔以蕨類、鳶尾及鈴蘭等，強化水塘「陰」的氣質，增添文脈院的觀賞性與故事性。
As the main architect and interior designer of the project, R-BAS has also been helping Faith Studio (Shanghai) design the landscape of Wenmai Yen. Adorable granite paving and sitting provision with underlying greetings are proposed. Taking into account the budget as well as the local climatic and cultural circumstances, we choose moss and Japanese pearlwort as the main body of greenery, supplemented by ferns, iris and muguet, to strengthen the yin property of the pond; and, to increase ornateness and narrativity of the yen lo.
一層建築及景觀平面圖
Ground floor landscape plan
植物圖表。「莫輕兩片青苔石，一夜潺湲直萬金。」
Landscaping plant schedule
Don't overlook
those twin rocks
green with moss!
One night with their sound
harmonising the waters
is worth to me
ten thousand pieces of gold.
Economic & Technical Indicators:
預估造價 Proposal Cost Estimate: 3,790,000 CNY
用地面積 Total Site Area: 817m2／建築面積 Gross Floor Area: 1147m2
建築佔地面積 Building Coverage Area: 383m2／綠地面積 Landscape Area: 109m2
容積率 Floor Area Ratio: 1.405／綠地率 Green Area Ratio: 13.40%
交通 Circulation: 185m2
零售／文化類租戶 Retail / Cultural Tenant: 336m2
餐飲／娛樂類租戶 F&B / Entertainment Tenant: 477m2
開放餐飲類租戶 Open F&B Tenant: 111m2
衛生間 Lavatory: 38m2
Bibliography:
1. Han, P., (2008), 中國建築文化講座, (Beijing: SDX Joint Publishing), p.99 & 1502. He, L., (2016), 四川漢族地區傳統民居木作營建特點研究, CNKI, available at http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10613-1016168693.htm, retrieved July 30th, 2019Architecture Design: Ryan Wu / Yibo Yang / Haifang Cao
室內設計：吳澤瑋／匪石（上海）創意設計有限公司
Interior Design: Ryan Wu / Shanghai Faith Creative Design Co., Ltd.
景觀設計：匪石（上海）創意設計有限公司／Yibo Yang
Landscape Design: Shanghai Faith Creative Design Co., Ltd. / Yibo Yang
文案翻譯：Jeffrey Huang／吳澤瑋
Translation: Jeffrey Huang／Ryan Wu
Copyright ©️ R-BAS大棟建築, 2019. All rights reserved.
轉載請聯繫，未經作者同意不得轉載。感謝您對R-BAS大棟建築的理解與支持。