Hi, I'm Gina. Welcome to Oxford Online English!
嗨，我是 Gina。歡迎來到 Oxford Online English！
Where do you live? Do you live in a small town, a big city, or a remote village?
你住在哪裡？你住在一個小城鎮，一個大城市，還是一個偏僻的村莊？
What's it like? In this lesson, you can learn how to describe your hometown in English.
它是什麼樣的？本節課，你可以學習如何用英語描述你的家鄉。
Let's start with some basic English vocabulary you can use to talk about your hometown.
Part one: introducing your hometown.
讓我們先從一些基礎詞彙開始，你可以用它們來談論你的家鄉。
第一部分：介紹你的家鄉。
Let's start with a simple sentence. "I live in a ''__."
讓我們從一個簡單的句子開始。「我住在一個''__。」
What could you say? You could say something like: "I live in a city";
你可以說什麼？你可以這麼說：「我住在城市裡」；
"I live in a town"; "I live in a village." That's a good start, but it's very basic.
「我住在小鎮上」；「我住在村子裡。」這是一個好的開始，但是非常簡單。
Let's add a bit more detail. What's it called?
讓我們多加入一些細節。它的名字是什麼？
How big is it? "I live in Paris. It's the capital city";
它多大？「我住在巴黎。它是首都城市」；
"I live in Shanghai. It's a huge city"; "I live in a small town. It's called Banbury";
「我住在上海。它是一個非常大的城市」；「我住在一個小鎮子裡。它的名字是 Banbury」；
"I live in Manarola, which is a tiny village by the sea."
Better! You should always try to add more details when you speak.
「我住在 Manarola，是一個靠海邊的小村莊。」
好多了！在你說話的時候應該加入更多的細節。
What about you? Where do you live?
你呢？你住在哪？
Can you make one or two sentences like this?
Pause the video and practice!
你能造一個或兩個這樣的句子嗎？
暫停視頻，練習一下！
Okay, let's move on. We need to make our answers more detailed and interesting.
好，讓我們繼續吧。我們需要確保我們的答案更具體且有意思。
Part two: adding background and details.
Think about these questions: What's your hometown famous for?
第二部分：加入背景和細節。想想這些問題：你的故鄉什麼出名？
Can you think of some words you could use to describe your hometown?
How long have you lived there?
你能想一些可以用來描繪你的故鄉的單詞嗎？
你住在那多久了？
Add these ideas to your answer to make it longer and more detailed.
For example: "I live in Paris, it's the capital city.
把這些想法融入到你的答案裡，讓其更長更具體。例如：「我住在巴黎，首都城市。
It's famous for its landmarks such as the Eiffel Tower, Notre Dame Cathedral or the Louvre. It's also well-known for its food, of course!"
它憑各種地標而聞名，比如艾菲爾鐵塔，巴黎聖母院還有羅浮宮。當然了，它的美食也很有名！」
"I live in Shanghai. It's a huge, bustling, international city.
「我住在上海。它是一個繁華的國際大都市。
People from all over the world live and work there." "I live in a small town called Banbury.
來自世界各地的人們在這裡居住和工作。「我住在一個叫 Banbury 的小城市裡。
I've been living there for about five years, since I finished university.
It's a pretty sleepy place, to be honest."
自從我大學畢業以後，我已經在這裡住了5年了。
說實話，這是一個很沉悶的地方。
Let's look at some useful vocabulary from these examples which you can use when you speak.
We said: "Paris is famous for its landmarks such as the Eiffel Tower."
讓我們看一些這些例子裡有用的詞彙，你可以在口語中用到。
我們說：「巴黎因想艾菲爾鐵塔這樣的地標而聞名。」
Landmarks are famous places or buildings, like the Eiffel Tower in Paris, the Sydney Opera House or Christ the Redeemer in Rio.
Does your hometown have any famous landmarks?
地標是著名的地點或者建築，像巴黎的艾菲爾鐵塔，雪梨的歌劇院或者裡約熱內盧的基督像。
你的家鄉有什麼有名的地標嗎？
What are they called in English? Next, we said: "Shanghai is a bustling city."
它們用英語怎麼說？接下來，我們說：「上海是一個繁華的城市。」
Do you know what this means? It means there's a lot of activity.
你知道這是什麼意思嗎？它意味著這裡有很多活動。
There are lots of people, lots of traffic, lots of life and energy.
Is your city bustling or sleepy?
有很多人，很多車輛，很多生物和能源。
你的城市是繁華的還是沉悶的？
If a town is sleepy there's not much activity and things are quiet.
What about your hometown?
如果一個城鎮是沉悶的，那這裡沒有什麼活動，而且很安靜。
你的家鄉怎麼樣？
Look at our questions again: What's your hometown famous for?
Can you think of some words you could use to describe your hometown?
再看一下我們的問題：你的家鄉什麼出名？
你能想一些詞彙可以描述你的家鄉嗎？
How long have you lived there?
What could you say about your hometown?
你在那住了多久了？
關於家鄉你會說什麼？
Pause the video and try to make 2-3 sentences. Okay? Let's look at our next point.
暫停這個視頻，試著造2-3個句子。對吧？讓我們看下面這點。
Part three: saying what you like about your hometown. What's good about your hometown?
第三部分：說說你喜歡你家鄉的哪點。你的家鄉哪裡好？
What do you like most about it? Different people like different things in a city or town.
你最喜歡它什麼？在城市或小鎮裡，不同的人喜歡不同的事物。
Let's look at some example sentences which express positive feelings: "I love living in Paris.
It's got such a rich culture and there's always something interesting going on."
讓我們看一些表達了正面感受的例句：「我喜歡住在巴黎。
這裡文化底蘊豐厚，總是有很多有趣的事發生。」
"Shanghai's a great place to live. It's a real 24-hour city and you can meet people from all over the world."
「上海是一個非常適合居住的城市。
它真的是一座不夜城，你可以在這裡遇見來自世界各地的人。」
"Living in Banbury suits me.
It's a quiet place and it's small enough that you can get to know your neighbours and have a sense of community.
「在Banbury 居住很適合我。
這裡很安靜，它很小以至於周圍人都認識，你會有一種集體感。
What's important for you?
Do you want to live somewhere with a rich culture and a sense of history, or do you prefer more modern, international cities?
對你而言什麼是重要的？
你喜歡住在歷史文化豐富的地方，還是更喜歡具有現代感的國際化都市？
Would you rather live somewhere larger and more energetic, or somewhere smaller and more peaceful?
Think about these ideas.
你更願意住在有活力的大城市，還是安靜祥和的小城市？
想想這些觀點。
You'll need them in a minute! Let's look at some useful language from our examples: "I love living in __;" "__ is a great place to live;" "Living in __ suits me."
你會用得到的！讓我們來看一些有用造句用語。「我喜歡住在 __；」 「 __ 是很適合居住的」；「住在 __ 適合我。」
Of course, you can change these to say what you want to: "I quite like living in __;"I really like living in __;" "I suppose I don't mind living in __."
當然了，你可以改變把這裡改成你想說的內容：「我很喜歡住在 __；」「我真的喜歡住在 __；」「我覺得我不介意住在 __。」
We also saw some useful phrases in our examples: "It's got such a rich culture"; "There's always something interesting going on";
我們也在例子裡會看到一些有用的短語：「它有豐富的文化」；「這裡總會有有趣的事情發生」；
"It's a real 24-hour city"; "You can meet people from all over the world";
「它真的是一座不夜城」；「你可以遇見來自世界各地的人」；
"It's small enough that you can get to know your neighbours"; "You have a sense of community."
「這裡很小，所以你能認識周圍的人」；「你會感受到集體感。」
What does that last phrase mean?
If you have a sense of community, it means people know their neighbours and feel like they belong to a wider community.
最後一個短語是什麼意思？
如果你有集體感，它意味著周圍的人們都認識彼此而且像是同屬於一個大社區。
Smaller towns and villages often have a better sense of community, perhaps because people have more time to talk to each other and do things together.
What about your hometown?
小一點的城鎮或者是村莊經常會有更強烈的集體感，或許是因為人們有更多的時間同每個人聊天或者一起做事。
你的家鄉怎麼樣？
Could you use any of these phrases to describe where you live?
Next, what if you don't like something about your hometown?
你能用這裡的任意短語來描述你住的地方嗎？
接下來，如果你不喜歡你家鄉的某些地方怎麼辦？
Part four: saying what you dislike. Let's look at some examples which express negative feelings: "Paris is great, but the cost of living is really high.
第四部分：說說你不喜歡的地方。
讓我們看一些表達反面感受的例子：「巴黎很好，但是生活成本真的很高。
That can be quite stressful because you're always thinking about money and how to make ends meet."
"Shanghai's an exciting place, but it's really crowded and it can be exhausting to live there.
壓力會很大因為你總會想錢以及如何維持生計。」
「上海是一個令人興奮的地方，但是真的很擁擠而且在這裡生活真的很累。
Air quality can be an issue, particularly in the summer." "Banbury's nice, but sometimes I find it a bit boring.
空氣品質是一個問題，特別是夏天。」「Banbur不錯，但是有時候我覺得這裡有些無趣。
There's not much nightlife and sometimes it feels a bit cut off from the wider world."
When talking about things you don't like about your hometown, you can use adjectives like, 'stressful', 'crowded', 'boring'.
這裡沒什麼夜生活，有時感覺像和更廣闊的世界隔離了。
當談論家鄉你不喜歡的地方時，你可以用類似這些形容詞，『有壓力的』，『擁擠的』，『無趣的』。
You can make your answer more interesting by using phrases.
We saw some useful ones in our examples: "The cost of living is really high";
你可以通過使用短語讓你的回答更有意思。
我們在例句裡看到了一些有趣的例子：「生活成本真的很高」；
"You're always thinking about how to make ends meet."
Meaning: you're always thinking about how to pay for your basic living costs.
「你總是在想錢和如何維持生計。」
意思是：你總是在想如何支付你的基本生活開支。
"It can be exhausting to live there"; "Air quality can be an issue";
「在這裡生活很累」；「空氣品質是一個問題」；
"There's not much nightlife"; "It feels a bit cut off from the wider world."
「這裡沒什麼夜生活」；「感覺有點和廣闊的外界隔離了。」
Meaning: you feel like you're far away from people, culture and activity.
Could you use any of these phrases to describe your hometown?
意思是：你感覺自己離人群，文化和活動很遠。
你能使用這些裡面的任何短語來描述你的家鄉嗎？
Remember that you can also change the phrases to fit your ideas.
For example: "Traffic can be an issue";
記住你同樣可以修改短語使其符合你的家鄉。
例如：「交通是一個問題」；
"There's not much for young people to do"; "It can be very stressful to live here."
「這裡沒什麼適合年輕人的活動」；「在這裡生活壓力很大。」
Okay, what about you? Try to make 3-4 sentences.
好了，你呢？試著造3到4個句子。
Say what you like and dislike about your hometown.
Use the key words and phrases from parts 3 and 4.
說說你喜歡家鄉的什麼以及不喜歡什麼。使用第三部分和第四部分的關鍵詞和短語。
Go on, pause the video and practice! Okay? We have one more thing to do.
接著，暫停視頻，練習一下。好了嗎？我們有一件更重要的事要做。
Part five: describing how it's changed over time.
What was your hometown like ten, twenty or fifty years ago?
第五部分：描述它是如何隨時間流逝而變化的。
你的家鄉在10年，20年或者50年前是什麼樣的？
How has it changed? How has it changed over time?
它是如何改變的？它是如何隨著時間而變化的？
Some places change very fast; other places never seem to change at all! Talking about changes can add interesting and useful information to your description.
有些地方變化得很快；其他的地方總是看起來一點沒變。
談談變化可以給你的描述加入趣味和有意義的信息。
Let's look: "Paris has changed a lot in the last twenty years. It's much more international and much more expensive than it used to be.
讓我們看看：「巴黎在過去的20年裡改變了很多。它更國際化了而且物價比過去更高了。
However, the soul of the city is still there. Paris will always be Paris!"
然而，這座城市的靈魂依然沒變。巴黎永遠都是巴黎！」
"Shanghai is almost unrecognisable compared to twenty or thirty years ago.
The city has expanded so much, both physically and economically.
「上海和二十或者是三十年前相比簡直判若兩地。
這個城市發展了很多，無論是在環境上還是在經濟上。
It's amazing when you see old photos of the city; things are so different now!"
"Banbury hasn't changed much as a place in the last twenty years, but the mix of people is a bit different nowadays.
當你看到這座城市的老照片時會很驚訝；現在，事物是如此的不同了！」「Banbury 作為一個地方，在過去的20年裡基本沒怎麼變化，但現如今這裡人口的構成有了一些不同。
The population used to be older and mostly English, whereas now there are more young people living here, including many people from other parts of Europe."
Again, these examples contain a lot of useful language you can use to talk about your hometown.
過去這裡大多是年長者而且說英語，然而現在有很多年輕人住在這裡，包括很多從歐洲其他地方過來的人。」
再說一次，這些例句裡包含很多有用的語言可以用來談論你的家鄉。
For example: ''__ has changed a lot in the last twenty years"; ''__ is almost unrecognisable compared to twenty years ago";
例如：「__ 在過去的20年裡變化很大」；「__ 和20年前相比，簡直判若兩地」；
''__ hasn't changed much as a place in the last twenty years." Which of these sentences is true for your hometown?
「__ 作為一個地方，在過去的20年沒有什麼變化。」這些句子當中哪個和你的家鄉一致？
Can you add details to explain why? For example: "It's much more __ than it used to be";
你可以加入更多細節並解釋嗎？例如：「它同過去相比更 __ 了「；
"The city has __ so much"; "The __ is a bit different nowadays."
「這個城市有如此多的 __ 」；「今天的 __ 有些不同了。」
Now, you've seen a lot of useful language you can use to talk about your hometown. Let's put everything together and practice making a longer answer.
現在你會看到很多有用的句型，你可以用它們來描述你的家鄉。讓我們把一切匯總起來，做出一個長點的回答。
Part six: review. Do you remember all the points we talked about?
第六部分：回顧。你還記得我們一共談論了幾點嗎？
We covered: Introducing your hometown, adding background and details, talking about what you like or dislike about it, talking about how it's changed over time.
Follow these points and you can make a long, detailed answer to describe your hometown.
我們談論了：介紹你的家鄉，加上背景和細節，談談家鄉你喜歡喝不喜歡的地方，談談它是如何隨時間變化而變化的。
遵循這幾點，你可以得出一個長且具體的答案，用來描述你的家鄉。
For example: "I live in St Petersburg.
It's the second largest city in Russia, and it's a beautiful place to live.
例如：「我住在聖彼得堡。
它是俄羅斯的第二大城市，是一個很美麗的居住地。
I've lived here all my life and I can't imagine living anywhere else! It has such a rich culture, I think partly because the city's history is a mix of European and Russian influences.
我一生都住在這裡，我無法想像自己住在其他任何地方。
這裡有豐富的文化，我認為一部分是因為這裡座城市的歷史融合了歐洲和俄國的影響。
I think that's why I like it here—it's a unique place.
Traffic can be an issue in the city centre, but public transport is very good.
我認為這是我為什麼喜歡這裡的原因—它是獨一無二的地方。
在城市的中心交通是一個問題，但是公共運輸很不錯。
The city hasn't changed much in the last twenty years, although there are certainly more and more tourists these days!" Could you make an answer like this?
在過去的20年裡，這座城市沒有改變很多，儘管這裡最近確實有越來越多的遊客！」你能做一個像這樣的回答嗎？
Let's do one more example first. I'll tell you about my hometown: "I'm from Denver, the capital of Colorado.
讓我們先看更多的例子。我來給你講講我的家鄉：「我來自丹佛，科羅拉多州的首府。
It's near the Rocky Mountains, so the surrounding area is quite beautiful. I've been living here for about three years.
它靠著落基山脈，所以周圍地區很漂亮。我在這裡住了大概三年。
I really like Denver because it's a young city with lots of energy, but if you need a break it's easy to drive to the mountains and find a quiet place to relax.
The only real disadvantage is that winter can be seriously cold!
我真的很喜歡丹佛，因為它是一座很年輕，有活力的城市，但是如果你需要有所不同，可以開車到山區找一個安靜的地方放鬆。
唯一不好的地方就是那裡的冬天真的很寒冷。
Denver's changed quite a lot in the last twenty years—many people are moving here for work.
Unfortunately, the cost of living has also gone up quite a lot."
在過去的20年，丹佛真的改變了很多—很多人搬來這裡工作。
不幸的是，生活成本也確實上漲了很多。」
Okay, now it's definitely your turn! Talk about your hometown.
好了，現在完全輪到你的主場了！談論你的家鄉。
Make a longer answer like these ones. If you want, you can post your answer in the video comments.
給出一個像這些一樣長點的答案。如果你想的話，你可以把你的答案發布在這個視頻的評論區裡。
We'll give you feedback on your English. That's the end of the lesson.
我們會針對你的英語給予反饋。這節課結束了。
I hope you learned something useful! If you want to see more of our free English lessons, check out our website: Oxford Online English dot com.
我希望你們學到了有用的東西！
Thanks for watching, and see you next time!
感謝觀看，下次再見！