文/陳德永
動詞用法辨析(6)
寫這篇,是因為 do 往往被譯成「做」,而 make 也被譯成「做」,所以就有人覺得會混淆,其實兩個詞的用法天壤之別關鍵在於英語中有很多固定搭配的動詞短語,各進各的門,各走各的路。
一般說來 do 表示進行一項活動;make 表示「製作、製造、創作等」,例如:
He didn't know what to do. 他當時不知道該怎麼做。
Dad made a model plane for me. 爸爸給我做了個飛機模型。
下面,我們把 make 和 do 分開來看,有一些固定結構,需要記熟。
先看do相關的:
do housework:做家務
Mrs. Smith usually does the housework in the morning. 史密斯太太每天上午做家務。
do homework:做作業
Now we are doing our homework. 這會兒我們正在做作業。
do good to :對......有好處
Doing sport does a lot of good to you. 做運動對你有好處。
do harm to:對......有害
Smoking does harm to you. 抽菸對你有害。
do business :做生意
He does good business. 他生意很不錯。
do one's best :盡全力
I'll do my best to pass the driving test. 我將盡全力通過駕駛考試。
do sb. a favour:幫個忙
Could you do me a favour? 能幫個忙嗎?
make 相關的短語:
make a decision :作出決定
In the end, I made a big decision. 最後,我做了個重要決定。
make an effort :作出努力
Tom made an effort to climb over the fence. 湯姆很費勁地翻過了籬笆。
make a mistake :犯錯誤
Her face turned red when she made a mistake. 她出了岔子,臉紅了。
make a noise :發出噪音
Shsh!Don't make a noise. 噓---!別出聲!
make a phone call :打電話
After making a phone call, she hurried to the bus stop. 打過電話之後,她匆忙趕往公交車站。
make money :掙錢
He did good business and made a lot of money. 他生意很好,掙了很多錢。
make the bed :整理床
Clean the floor then make the bed. 清理的地板,再鋪鋪床。
make sure:確定
Make sure everything goes well! 請確保一切運行正常!